| Records |
Author  |
Cheney, D.L.; Seyfarth, R.M |
| Title |
Social and non.social knowledge in vervet monkeys |
Type |
Book Chapter |
| Year |
1988 |
Publication |
Machiavellian Intelligence |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
255-270 |
| Keywords |
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| Abstract |
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| Address |
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| Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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| Publisher |
Oxford Univ Press |
Place of Publication |
Oxford |
Editor |
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| Language |
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Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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| Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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| Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
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ISBN |
0-19-852175-8 |
Medium |
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| Notes |
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Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ Byrne+Whiten1988 |
Serial |
4787 |
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| Author |
Carroll, C.L.; Huntington, P.J. |
| Title |
Body condition scoring and weight estimation of horses |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1988 |
Publication |
Equine veterinary journal |
Abbreviated Journal |
Equine Vet J |
| Volume |
20 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
41-45 |
| Keywords |
Animals; Biometry; *Body Weight; Female; Horses/*anatomy & histology; Male; Physical Examination/*veterinary |
| Abstract |
Three hundred and seventy two horses of varying breeds, height and fatness were weighed and measured for height at the withers. They were assessed for condition score by adaptation of a previously published method. The heart girth and length of 281 of the horses were also measured. Weight of horses was highly correlated (P less than 0.001) with height (r2 = 0.62), condition score (r2 = 0.22) and girth2 x length (r2 = 0.90). Nomograms were constructed to predict weight from height and condition score, and girth and length measurements. Weight can also be accurately estimated from the formula: (formula, see text) The average value of 'Y' in this experiment was 11900 and this estimated weight with more accuracy than some previously published values of 'Y'. Racing Thoroughbred horses were found to be significantly lighter than non-racing Thoroughbreds of the same height and condition score. The method of assessment of condition score was shown to be repeatable between different operators with varying degrees of experience. |
| Address |
Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Attwood Veterinary Research Laboratory, Westmeadows, Victoria, Australia |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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| Language |
English |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0425-1644 |
ISBN |
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| Notes |
PMID:3366105 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
1808 |
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| Author |
Byrne, Richard; Whiten, Andrew |
| Title |
The machiavellian intelligence hypothesis:Editorial |
Type |
Book Chapter |
| Year |
1988 |
Publication |
Machiavellian Intelligence |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
1-9 |
| Keywords |
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| Abstract |
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Thesis |
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| Publisher |
Oxford Univ Press |
Place of Publication |
Oxford |
Editor |
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Series Title |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
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ISBN |
0-19-852175-8 |
Medium |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
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Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4430 |
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| Author |
Byrne, Richard; Whiten, Andrew |
| Title |
Machiavellian Intelligence |
Type |
Book Whole |
| Year |
1988 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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Issue |
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Pages |
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| Abstract |
This book presents an alternative to conventional ideas about the evolution of the human intellect. Instead of placing top priority on the role of tools, the pressure for their skillful use, and the related importance of interpersonal communication as a means for enhanced cooperation, this<BR>volume explores quite a different idea-- that the driving force in the evolution of human intellect was social expertise--a force which enabled the manipulation of others within the social group, who themselves are seen as posing the most challenging problems faced by primitive humans. The need to<BR>outwit one's clever colleagues then produces an evolutionary spiraling of “Machiavellian intelligence.” The book forms a complete and self-contained text on this fast-growing topic. It includes the origins of the basic premise and a wealth of exciting developments, described by an international<BR>team of authors from the fields of anthropology, psychology, and zoology. An evaluation of more traditional approaches is also undertaken, with a view to discovering to what extent Machiavellian intelligence represents a complementary concept or one that is truly an alternative. Readers and<BR>students will find this fascinating volume carries them to the frontiers of scientific work on the origin of human intellect. |
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| Publisher |
Oxford Univ Press |
Place of Publication |
Oxford |
Editor |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
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ISBN |
0-19-852175-8 |
Medium |
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| Notes |
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Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4412 |
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| Author |
Brennan, J.; Anderson, J. |
| Title |
Varying responses to feeding competition in a group of rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1988 |
Publication |
Primates |
Abbreviated Journal |
Primates |
| Volume |
29 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
353-360 |
| Keywords |
Macaca mulatta – Dominance – Feeding – Agonistic behaviour – Snakes |
| Abstract |
The behaviour of members of a group of rhesus monkeys was observed in experimentally created, competitive feeding situations. Socially dominant members of the group tended to start eating before lower-ranking subjects, and generally ate more. Dominants sometimes used aggression to control access to food, but overall, intermediate-ranking monkeys were involved in most agonistic episodes. Non-dominant subjects improved their feeding performance when food was presented in three piles rather than one pile, often by snatching food and consuming it away from the pile. These general patterns were less evident when realistic snake models were placed on some of the food piles. Feeding was disrupted by the presence of snakes, but notably, subordinates risked feeding in these conditions. Piles containing preferred foods and snakes were eaten from, but a low-preference food (carrot) under snakes went untouched by all subjects. The results suggest that group-members evaluate potential risks and benefits of competing for a restricted resource, and that dominance status, while an important factor, is only one element in the equation. |
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no |
| Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
809 |
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| Author |
Boyd, L.E.; Carbonaro, D.A.; Houpt, K.A. |
| Title |
The 24-hour time budget of Przewalski horses |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1988 |
Publication |
Applied Animal Behaviour Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. |
| Volume |
21 |
Issue |
1-2 |
Pages |
5-17 |
| Keywords |
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| Abstract |
A herd of 8 Przewalski horses were observed on pasture in summer. Fifteen-minute focal animal samples were used to determine the time budget of the horses during the periods 00.00-04.00, 04.00-08.00, 08.00-12.00, 12.00-16.00, 16.00-20.00 and 20.00-24.00 h EDT. The behavioral states recorded were feeding (grazing and eating grain), nursing, drinking, standing, stand-resting, self-grooming, mutual grooming, locomoting, playing, and lying laterally and sternally. The average number of behavioral states occurring per hour, and the defecation, urination, aggression and vocalization rates were also determined. Overall, the horses spent 46.4 +/- 5.9% of their time feeding, 1.3 +/- 0.1% nursing, 0.5 +/- 0.1% drinking, 20.6 +/- 5.4% standing, 15.7 +/- 3.2% stand-resting, 1.7 +/- 0.2% self-grooming, 2.2 +/- 0.7% mutual grooming, 7.4 +/- 1.0% locomoting, 1.2 +/- 0.3% playing, 1.2 +/- 0.5% lying laterally and 4.1 +/- 3.0% lying sternally. The horses averaged 45.2 +/- 5.8 behavioral states per hour, and 0.2 +/- 0.0 defecations, 0.3 +/- 0.0 urinations, 1.5 +/- 0.3 aggressions and 0.7 +/- 0.1 vocalizations per hour. The horses spent the greatest amount of time foraging between 20.00 and 04.00 h, when the temperatures were lower. They spent 68.2 +/- 2.2% of their time between 20.00 and 24.00 h feeding, but only 31.2 +/- 2.1% of their time feeding between 08.00 and 12.00 h. Recumbent rest was most common between 00.00 and 04.00 h. As temperatures rose during the daylight hours, the horses spent more time drinking and standing, rather than grazing. Stand-resting was the most common form of rest during the day. The horses exhibited the greatest number of activities per hour from 08.00 to 20.00 h. While standing in close proximity to one another during these hours, the horses exhibited the highest number of aggressions per hour (1.9-2.4). |
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Approved |
no |
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Serial |
1805 |
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| Author |
Boyd, L.E. |
| Title |
Ontogeny of behavior in Przewalski horses |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1988 |
Publication |
Applied Animal Behaviour Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. |
| Volume |
21 |
Issue |
1-2 |
Pages |
41-69 |
| Keywords |
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| Abstract |
Twelve colts and 12 fillies were observed during their first 2 years of life. Data on the foal's nearest neighbor, distance to dam and stallion, and time budget were compiled by age. The birth of one foal was witnessed. During their first month of life, Przewalski foals were dependent on the dam. She provided most of their nourishment and foals spent 54% of their time within 1 m of her. The biggest change in behavior of foals occurred between Months 1 and 2. The amount of time spent resting and nursing declined, while the amount of time spent foraging increased sharply. Foals began to leave their mothers and interact with peers by 3 weeks of age, and at 2 months they were interacting with older herd members. By 5 months of age, the amount of time spent in most behaviors was identical to that of adults, except that vocalization rates and involvement in aggression were lower than for adults. Juveniles spent less time stand-resting than adults throughout their first year, but more time in recumbent rest. Foals spent far less time with their sire than with their dam. However, an orphaned foal spent more time with his sire than did mothered foals, indicating that the sire assumed part of the role of the missing dam. |
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| Notes |
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Approved |
no |
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Serial |
2018 |
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| Author |
Boyd, L, |
| Title |
The behavior of Przewalski's horses |
Type |
Manuscript |
| Year |
1988 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
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| Keywords |
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| Abstract |
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| Address |
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Thesis |
Ph.D. thesis |
| Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
Cornell University |
Editor |
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| Notes |
from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
970 |
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| Author |
Boyd L. |
| Title |
The behaviour of Przewalski’s horses. |
Type |
Manuscript |
| Year |
1988 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
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| Keywords |
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| Abstract |
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| Address |
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Thesis |
Ph.D. thesis |
| Publisher |
Cornell University |
Place of Publication |
Ithaca, NY. |
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| Notes |
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Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5432 |
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| Author |
Black, J.M. |
| Title |
Preflight Signalling in Swans: A Mechanism for Group Cohesion and Flock Formation |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1988 |
Publication |
Ethology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ethology |
| Volume |
79 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
143-157 |
| Keywords |
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| Abstract |
Abstract The preflight behaviour of whooper swans Cygnus cygnus and Bewick's swans Cygnus columbianus bewickii was examined to determine the adaptive significance of the ritual. Analysis of the preflight sequence revealed that the rate of signalling became significantly faster as the time of takeoff approached. This provides the first quantitative evidence that a threshold of excitability is responsible for triggering synchronised flight in social units. Two ultimate and two proximate factors that affect this threshold were uncovered. They are: 1) Maintaining proximity to partners—flight was delayed by birds with non-attentive mates and signalling lasted on average four times longer than those whose mates showed more interest. 2) Maintaining flock cohesiveness—birds which performed signals for longer periods while swimming among uninterested birds were successful in attracting followers 61% of the time. 3) The bird's feeding performance related to dominance status—less successful feeders (potentially hungry birds), flew after little time and few signals. 4) The type of feeding opportunity at the eventual destination—birds which flew to provided feeds (nutritious barley) spent less time performing preflight signals than when they flew to forage on grass fields. |
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| Publisher |
Blackwell Publishing Ltd |
Place of Publication |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
1439-0310 |
ISBN |
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Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5315 |
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