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Warmuth, V.; Eriksson, A.; Bower, M.A.; Barker, G.; Barrett, E.; Hanks, B.K.; Li, S.; Lomitashvili, D.; Ochir-Goryaeva, M.; Sizonov, G.V.; Soyonov, V.; Manica, A. | ||||
| Title | Reconstructing the origin and spread of horse domestication in the Eurasian steppe | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2012 | Publication | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences | Abbreviated Journal | Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A |
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| Abstract | Despite decades of research across multiple disciplines, the early history of horse domestication remains poorly understood. On the basis of current evidence from archaeology, mitochondrial DNA, and Y-chromosomal sequencing, a number of different domestication scenarios have been proposed, ranging from the spread of domestic horses out of a restricted primary area of domestication to the domestication of numerous distinct wild horse populations. In this paper, we reconstruct both the population genetic structure of the extinct wild progenitor of domestic horses, Equus ferus, and the origin and spread of horse domestication in the Eurasian steppes by fitting a spatially explicit stepping-stone model to genotype data from >300 horses sampled across northern Eurasia. We find strong evidence for an expansion of E. ferus out of eastern Eurasia about 160 kya, likely reflecting the colonization of Eurasia by this species. Our best-fitting scenario further suggests that horse domestication originated in the western part of the Eurasian steppe and that domestic herds were repeatedly restocked with local wild horses as they spread out of this area. By showing that horse domestication was initiated in the western Eurasian steppe and that the spread of domestic herds across Eurasia involved extensive introgression from the wild, the scenario of horse domestication proposed here unites evidence from archaeology, mitochondrial DNA, and Y-chromosomal DNA. | ||||
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| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5612 | ||
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| Author |
Waring, G.H. (ed) | ||||
| Title | Horse Behavior: The Behavioral Traits and Adaptations of Domestic and Wild Horses, Including Ponies | Type | Book Whole | ||
| Year | 1983 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
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| Abstract | ReviewsSynopsisThe second edition of this informative book remains the most comprehensive and current overview of the behavioral traits and adaptations of horses. The book integrates findings from hundreds of international researchers to provide the reader with a factual synthesis of the behaviour of domestic and feral horses. Building on the strengths of the first edition, the author has thoroughly updated coverage of horse ancestry, development, perception, learning, play, social behavioral manipulation, maintenance activities, and sexual behaviour. Throughout these and other chapters, more emphasis has been given to animal husbandry and management. Additionally, the second edition includes an all-new section on ecological influences on activity patterns, habitat utilization, social behaviour and reproduction. An expanded section on applied ethnology provides behavioral considerations or management and insight regarding the behavioral indicators of horse health and well being. This is followed with an updated appendix listing behavioral symptoms and possible causes. The text contains numerous tables and nearly 100 illustrations and photos. Interesting Facts: Rich with international data, incorporated into text, tables, and figures Two new chapters on ecological influences dealing with interactions between environment feeding, ranging, shelter seeking, reproductive and social behavior, among other topics New chapter on behavioral considerations in horse management, plus updated material on health and well being, surveys atypical symptoms ranging from posture to social behaviour Update appendix provides an extensive listing of behavioral symptoms, with identifications of possible associated problems. | ||||
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| Publisher | Noyes Publications | Place of Publication | Park Ridge | Editor | Waring, G.H. |
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| ISSN | ISBN | 978-0815514848 | Medium | ||
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| Notes | exported from refbase (http://uni-regensburg.equine-behaviour.de/refdbshow.php?record=4233), last updated on Tue, 11 Sep 2007 11:17:20 +0200 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ Waring2002 | Serial | 4234 | ||
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| Author |
Waring, G.H. | ||||
| Title | Horse behavior | Type | Book Whole | ||
| Year | 2003 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
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| Abstract | Review The coverage in the book is incredibly broad, thorough and detailed. The drawings throughout are marvelous and do a wonderful job of complementing the text. The extensive bibliography should be especially useful to biologists. “Cheryl Asa, Director of Research, St. Louis Zoo” For those highly interested in the subject, it is unquestionably worth upgrading rrom the first edition. Written by an internationally know and respected ethologist, Horse Behavior is a sound scientific review of equine behavior. “Nancy Kate Diehl, ”Journal of American Veterinary Medical Association,“ Vol. 223, No. 12, December 15, 2003 One of the people out there studying horses is Dr. Waring, a professor at Southern Illinois University. He uses big words such as polyphasic, but defines them, ”The daily sleep cycle of horses is polyphasic, that is, with more than one period of sleep occurring per 24-hour period.“ He gives the academically correct citations of studies, yet describes the results in language the rest of us can understand. I dare any horseperson of any experience level to read it and not learn something. ”Katherine Walcott, Eventing USA, Issue Two, 2003“ Horse Behavior, 2nd edition, is a very well researched book that addresses a through review of normal horse behavior. Dr. Waring brings together references from a wide variety of disciplines, often from very difficult to get sources, and integrates them with his own research into a comprehensive picture of the horse. Each chapter is well orgainzed in its contents, resulting in a book that will be an excellent reference. This is a ”must have“ for any serious student of horse behavior and for those who just enjoy the animal. ”Bonnie V. Beaver, BS, DVM, MS, DACVB, Texas A&M University" Book Description The second edition of this important reference provides important updates, especially in the areas of activity patterns, social behavior, reproduction, animal husbandry, and management. This easy-to-read text integrates findings from hundreds of international researchers and includes an updated appendix listing behavioral symptoms and possible causes. Over 100 illustrations and photos provide excellent visual cues for those who work with horses every day. |
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| Publisher | Noyes Publishing | Place of Publication | Norwich, N.Y. | Editor | |
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| ISSN | ISBN | 0815514840 9780815514848 | Medium | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ 48773749 | Serial | 4275 | ||
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| Author |
Waring, G.H. | ||||
| Title | Type | Book Whole | |||
| Year | 2003 | Publication | Horse behavior. 2nd ed | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 442 pp | ||
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| Notes | Cited By (since 1996): 1; Export Date: 21 October 2008 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4548 | ||
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| Author |
Walter, G.; Reisner, A. | ||||
| Title | Student opinion formation on animal agriculture issues | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1994 | Publication | Journal of Animal Science | Abbreviated Journal | J. Anim Sci. |
| Volume | 72 | Issue | 6 | Pages | 1654-1658 |
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| Abstract | N1 - | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2935 | ||
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| Author |
Wallner, B.; Palmieri, N.; Vogl, C.; Rigler, D.; Bozlak, E.; Druml, T.; Jagannathan, V.; Leeb, T.; Fries, R.; Tetens, J.; Thaller, G.; Metzger, J.; Distl, O.; Lindgren, G.; Rubin, C.-J.; Andersson, L.; Schaefer, R.; McCue, M.; Neuditschko, M.; Rieder, S.; Schlötterer, C.; Brem, G. | ||||
| Title | Y Chromosome Uncovers the Recent Oriental Origin of Modern Stallions | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2017 | Publication | Current Biology | Abbreviated Journal | Current Biology |
| Volume | 27 | Issue | 13 | Pages | 2029-2035.e5 |
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| Abstract | The Y chromosome directly reflects male genealogies, but the extremely low Y chromosome sequence diversity in horses has prevented the reconstruction of stallion genealogies [1, 2]. Here, we resolve the first Y chromosome genealogy of modern horses by screening 1.46 Mb of the male-specific region of the Y chromosome (MSY) in 52 horses from 21 breeds. Based on highly accurate pedigree data, we estimated the de novo mutation rate of the horse MSY and showed that various modern horse Y chromosome lineages split much later than the domestication of the species. Apart from few private northern European haplotypes, all modern horse breeds clustered together in a roughly 700-year-old haplogroup that was transmitted to Europe by the import of Oriental stallions. The Oriental horse group consisted of two major subclades: the Original Arabian lineage and the Turkoman horse lineage. We show that the English Thoroughbred MSY was derived from the Turkoman lineage and that English Thoroughbred sires are largely responsible for the predominance of this haplotype in modern horses. | ||||
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| Publisher | Elsevier | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
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| ISSN | 0960-9822 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2017.05.086 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6669 | ||
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| Author |
Wallner, B.; Brem, G.; Muller, M.; Achmann, R. | ||||
| Title | Fixed nucleotide differences on the Y chromosome indicate clear divergence between Equus przewalskii and Equus caballus | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2003 | Publication | Animal Genetics | Abbreviated Journal | Anim Genet |
| Volume | 34 | Issue | 6 | Pages | 453-456 |
| Keywords | Animals; Base Sequence; DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics; Genetic Variation/*genetics; Horses/classification/*genetics; Male; Molecular Sequence Data; Phylogeny; Probability; Species Specificity; Y Chromosome/*genetics | ||||
| Abstract | The phylogenetic relationship between Equus przewalskii and E. caballus is often a matter of debate. Although these taxa have different chromosome numbers, they do not form monophyletic clades in a phylogenetic tree based on mtDNA sequences. Here we report sequence variation from five newly identified Y chromosome regions of the horse. Two fixed nucleotide differences on the Y chromosome clearly display Przewalski's horse and domestic horse as sister taxa. At both positions the Przewalski's horse haplotype shows the ancestral state, in common with the members of the zebra/ass lineage. We discuss the factors that may have led to the differences in mtDNA and Y-chromosomal observations. | ||||
| Address | Institut fur Tierzucht und Genetik, Veterinarmedizinische Universitat Wien, Veterinarplatz, Wien, Austria. wallner@i122server.vu-wien.ac.at | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | 0268-9146 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:14687077 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5038 | ||
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| Author |
Wallace, D.G.; Hamilton, D.A.; Whishaw, I.Q. | ||||
| Title | Movement characteristics support a role for dead reckoning in organizing exploratory behavior | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2006 | Publication | Animal Cognition | Abbreviated Journal | Anim. Cogn. |
| Volume | 9 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 219-228 |
| Keywords | Animals; *Association Learning; *Exploratory Behavior; Female; *Motor Activity; *Orientation; Problem Solving; Rats; Rats, Long-Evans; Space Perception; *Spatial Behavior | ||||
| Abstract | Rat exploration is an organized series of trips. Each exploratory trip involves an outward tour from the refuge followed by a return to the refuge. A tour consists of a sequence of progressions with variable direction and speed concatenated by stops, whereas the return consists of a single direct progression. We have argued that processing self-movement information generated on the tour allows a rat to plot the return to the refuge. This claim has been supported by observing consistent differences between tour and return segments independent of ambient cue availability; however, this distinction was based on differences in movement characteristics derived from multiple progressions and stops on the tour and the single progression on the return. The present study examines movement characteristics of the tour and return progressions under novel-dark and light conditions. Three novel characteristics of progressions were identified: (1) linear speeds and path curvature of exploratory trips are negatively correlated, (2) tour progression maximum linear speed and temporal pacing varies as a function of travel distance, and (3) return progression movement characteristics are qualitatively different from tour progressions of comparable length. These observations support a role for dead reckoning in organizing exploratory behavior. | ||||
| Address | Psychology Department, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115-2892, USA. dwallace@niu.edu | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | 1435-9448 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:16767471 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2463 | ||
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| Author |
Wall, D.L.; Topliff, D.R.; Freeman, D.W.; Wagner, D.G.; Breazile, J.W.; Stutz, W.A. | ||||
| Title | Effect of dietary cation-anion balance on urinary mineral excretion in exercised horses | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1992 | Publication | Journal of Equine Veterinary Science | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 12 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 168-171 |
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| Abstract | Summary Four mares and four geldings of Quarter Horse and Thoroughbred breeding were used in two simultaneous 4x4 Latin square experiments to study the effects of dietary cation-anion balance (DCAB), defined as meq ((Na+K)-C1)/kg dry matter, on urinary pH and mineral excretion in exercised horses. Diets consisted of a pelleted concentrate of corn, soybean meal and cottonseed hulls fed with bermudagrass hay. Treatments with DCAB of +5 (Low, L), +107 (Medium Low, ML), +201 (Medium High, MH) and +327 (High, H), meq ((Na+K)-Cl)/kg dry matter were formed by supplementing diet L with calcium chloride and ammonium chloride, diet ML with calcium chloride and diet H with sodium bicarbonate and potassium citrate (Table 1). Diet MH was not supplemented and served as the control treatment. Horses were conditioned aerobically for 6 weeks using long, slow, distance (LSD) workouts. During the experimental periods, horses were subjected to a combined exercise regimen alternating LSD with an interval-training protocol 6 days/week. There was a significant (P<.01) treatment effect on urine pH; least squares means for L, ML, MH and H were 6.73, 7.17, 7.38, and 7.92. Horses consuming diet L excreted more calcium in the urine (P<.05) than those consuming MH or H. Least squares means for daily urine calcium excretion tended to be linear across treatments and ranged from 19.66 g/day for diet L to 9.12 g/day for diet H. Urinary chloride excretion was higher (P<.05) for L than for MH or H. Horses fed diet H excreted more sodium (P<.05) in urine than horses fed the other diets. Lowering DCAB, increases urinary calcium loss; depending on the level of calcium intake, this could lead to negative calcium balance in exercising horses. | ||||
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| ISSN | 0737-0806 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4833 | ||
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| Author |
Wagner, G. | ||||
| Title | [Flight leadership in flocks of homing pigeons] | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1975 | Publication | Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie | Abbreviated Journal | Z. Tierpsychol. |
| Volume | Issue | 39 | Pages | 61-74 | |
| Keywords | Animals; *Columbidae; *Flight, Animal; *Orientation | ||||
| Abstract | Groups of 3-5 homing pigeons individually recognizable by different colours of their plumage were followed by helicopter on their way home. In most cases the animals flew together as a group with frequently changing leadership. Flight formations in terms of leadership were noted every minute. It was examined statistically whether the flight order varies at random or whether there are leading and led birds. In 6 out of 7 experiments with groups of 4-5 pigeons flight order was far from random, one or two pigeons proving to be leaders. In only one experiment leadership did not differ from a random distribution. No correlation could be found between the tendency to lead within a group and homing performance of the single pigeon when released individually. | ||||
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| Language | German | Summary Language | Original Title | Zur Frage des Flugfuhrens in heimkehrenden Brieftaubengruppen | |
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| ISSN | 0044-3573 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:1231423 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Serial | 2050 | |||
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