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Author  |
Marfin, A.A.; Petersen, L.R.; Eidson, M.; Miller, J.; Hadler, J.; Farello, C.; Werner, B.; Campbell, G.L.; Layton, M.; Smith, P.; Bresnitz, E.; Cartter, M.; Scaletta, J.; Obiri, G.; Bunning, M.; Craven, R.C.; Roehrig, J.T.; Julian, K.G.; Hinten, S.R.; Gubler, D.J. | ||||
| Title | Widespread West Nile virus activity, eastern United States, 2000 | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2001 | Publication | Emerging Infectious Diseases | Abbreviated Journal | Emerg Infect Dis |
| Volume | 7 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 730-735 |
| Keywords | Animals; Bird Diseases/epidemiology/virology; Culicidae/virology; *Disease Outbreaks; Ecology; Horse Diseases/epidemiology/virology; Horses; Humans; Population Surveillance; Songbirds/virology; United States/epidemiology; West Nile Fever/*epidemiology/veterinary/virology; *West Nile virus | ||||
| Abstract | In 1999, the U.S. West Nile (WN) virus epidemic was preceded by widespread reports of avian deaths. In 2000, ArboNET, a cooperative WN virus surveillance system, was implemented to monitor the sentinel epizootic that precedes human infection. This report summarizes 2000 surveillance data, documents widespread virus activity in 2000, and demonstrates the utility of monitoring virus activity in animals to identify human risk for infection. | ||||
| Address | Division of Vector-Borne Infections Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, P.O. Box 2087, Fort Collins, CO 80522, USA. aam@cdc.gov | ||||
| Corporate Author | ArboNET Cooperative Surveillance Group | Thesis | |||
| Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 1080-6040 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:11585539 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2646 | ||
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| Author |
Marc, M.; Parvizi, N.; Ellendorff, F.; Kallweit, E.; Elsaesser, F. | ||||
| Title | Plasma cortisol and ACTH concentrations in the warmblood horse in response to a standardized treadmill exercise test as physiological markers for evaluation of training status | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2000 | Publication | Journal of Animal Science | Abbreviated Journal | J. Anim Sci. |
| Volume | 78 | Issue | 7 | Pages | 1936-1946 |
| Keywords | Adrenocorticotropic Hormone/*blood/diagnostic use; Animals; Catheterization/veterinary; Exercise Test; Horses/*blood; Hydrocortisone/*blood; Male; *Physical Conditioning, Animal | ||||
| Abstract | Reliable physiological markers for performance evaluation in sport horses are missing. To determine the diagnostic value of plasma ACTH and cortisol measurements in the warmblood horse, 10 initially 3-yr-old geldings of the Hannovarian breed were either exposed to a training schedule or served as controls. During experimental Phase 1, horses were group-housed, and half of the horses were trained for 20 wk on a high-speed treadmill. During Phase 2, groups were switched and one group was trained for 10 wk as during Phase 1, whereas the control group was confined to boxes. During Phase 3 horses were initially schooled for riding. Thereafter, all horses were regularly schooled for dressage and jumping, and half of the horses received an additional endurance training for 24 wk. During all phases horses were exposed at regular intervals to various standardized treadmill exercise tests. During and after the tests frequent blood samples were taken from an indwelling jugular catheter for determination of ACTH and cortisol. Treadmill exercise increased both hormones. Maximum ACTH concentrations were recorded at the end of exercise, and maximum cortisol levels were recorded 20 to 30 min later. Except for one test there were no differences in ACTH levels between trained horses and controls. There was no significant effect of training on the cortisol response (net increase) to treadmill exercise in any of the tests during Phase 1. During Phase 2 higher cortisol responses were recorded in controls than in trained horses (P < .05) after 10 wk of training (controls confined to boxes). During Phase 3 plasma cortisol responses were also higher in controls than in trained horses (P < .05 after 6, 18, and 24, P < or = .07 after 12 wk of training) when the inclination of the treadmill was 5%, but not at 3%. There was no overlap in net cortisol responses at 30 min between trained and untrained horses. An ACTH application after 24 wk of training resulted in higher cortisol responses in controls than in trained horses (P < or = .05), without any overlap between the groups at 30 min after ACTH. Plasma cortisol responses to either treadmill exercise or ACTH injection may be a reliable physiological marker for performance evaluation. Prerequisites are sufficient differences in training status and sufficient intensity of exercise test conditions. | ||||
| Address | Institute of Animal Science and Animal Behaviour, Federal Agricultural Research Center (FAL) Mariensee, Neustadt, Germany | ||||
| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0021-8812 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:10907837 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 3732 | ||
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| Author |
Manning, G.S.; Ratanarat, C. | ||||
| Title | Fasciolopsis buski (Lankester, 1857) in Thailand | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1970 | Publication | The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene | Abbreviated Journal | Am J Trop Med Hyg |
| Volume | 19 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 613-619 |
| Keywords | Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Animals; Buffaloes; Cattle; Child; Child, Preschool; *Disease Reservoirs; Dogs; Ecology; *Fasciolidae; Feces; Female; Health Surveys; Horses; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Male; Middle Aged; *Plants, Edible; Sex Factors; *Snails; Swine; Thailand; Trematode Infections/*epidemiology | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0002-9637 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:5425498 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2734 | ||
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| Author |
Malek, E.A. | ||||
| Title | The life cycle of Gastrodiscus aegyptiacus (Cobbold, 1876) Looss, 1896 (Trematoda: Paramphistomatidae: Gastrodiscinae) | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1971 | Publication | The Journal of Parasitology | Abbreviated Journal | J Parasitol |
| Volume | 57 | Issue | 5 | Pages | 975-979 |
| Keywords | Animals; Bulinus; *Disease Vectors; Ecology; Feces; Female; Horse Diseases/*etiology; Horses; Metamorphosis, Biological; Ovum; Parasite Egg Count; Perissodactyla; Sudan; Trematoda/anatomy & histology/growth & development; Trematode Infections/etiology/*veterinary | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0022-3395 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:5167379 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2726 | ||
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| Author |
Malara, L.; De Pasquale, A.; Ingala, A.; Innella, G. | ||||
| Title | The influence of management on horse behavioural reactivity in therapeutic riding programs. | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year | 2008 | Publication | IESM 2008 | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | Issue | Pages | |||
| Keywords | Management; Horses; Therapeutic Riding; Behaviour; Reactivity | ||||
| Abstract | We investigated 8 horses in five therapeutic riding centres situated in San Cataldo (Caltanissetta – I), Nicosia (Catania – II), Pellaro (Reggio Calabria – III), San Gregorio (Catania – IV), Niguarda Hospitals (Milan – V). The managements of the animals were of different typologies: Type 1, Type 2 and Type 3. In type 1 the horses were used for therapeutic riding only. Furthermore intra and interspecific social interactions were not allowed. In type 2 the horses played kinetic activities and made social interactions. In type 3 the horses were free in paddock, as intra and interspecific social interactions were allowed. The centre I, with a management of type 1, housed 1 horse (A1); the centre II, with a management of type 2, housed 1 horse (B2); the centre III, with a management of type 1, housed 1 horse (C1); the centre IV, with a management of type 2, housed 2 horses (D2 and E2); the centre V, with a management of type 3, housed 3 horses (F3, G3 and H3). Breeds of horses were: Anglo-Arab (n°1), Avelignese (n°3), Italian Selle (n°3), draught-horse crossbreed (n°1). They were 2 geldings and 6 females. Their ages ranged from 12 to 23 years. We observed a total of 64 patients affected by different pathologies: autism, motory handicap, blindness and deafness, children“s cerebral paralysis, relational problems, mental deficiency, Down”s syndrome. The horses“ behaviour was observed at rest and during therapeutic activities with these patients. The Heart Rate (HR) was used as physiological parameter for an ethological evaluation, measured by a telemetric heart rate monitor (Polar Horse Trainer). Horses were analysed with a reactivity test for emotional homeostasis evaluation, too. Heart rate values were studied with non parametrical statistical analysis methods. Distinct management typologies provided statistically different basal mean values of heart rate (intergroup and intragroup): Type 1 vs Type 2 (P~0.05) and Type 1 vs Type 3 (P<0.05). The comparison of heart rate during therapeutic activities of diverse management showed the following results: A1 vs B2 (P<0.05), B2 vs C1 (P<0.05), Type 1 vs Type 2 (P<0.01). Different managements, both in the same or different typologies, gave significantly diverse results (A1 vs E2: P~0.05; C1 vs E2: P~0.05; B2 vs E2: P~0.05). This study shows that the statistic differences obtained by therapies with autistic patients derive from management conditions of Type 1. In reactivity test there aren”t any significant differences among the three management typologies. However, we recorded strong variation between medium and maximum values of heart rate, especially in Type 1 and Type 2 of management. These high variations of heart rate indicated fear reaction of the horse to new stimuli. This reaction could lead to dangerous accidents for patients during therapeutic activities. Horses used in therapeutic riding programs must be evaluated before this employment. Horse's behaviour can be assessed by an ethological observation and a reactivity test. Furthermore, the horses must be guaranteed welfare conditions and must live in an environment enriched with sensorial stimuli and respectful of their physiological and ethological needs. |
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| Address | Dept. of Experimental Sciences and Applied Biotechnologies, Unit of Applied Physiology and Comparative Ethology , Faculty of Veterinary Medicine – University of Messina, Italy. | ||||
| Corporate Author | Innella, G. | Thesis | |||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | ISBN | Medium | |||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | IESM 2008 | ||
| Notes | Poster IESM 2008 | Approved | yes | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4491 | ||
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| Author |
Makarov, V.V.; Bakulov, I.A. | ||||
| Title | [Zoopathogenic arboviruses, their systematics and ecology] | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1975 | Publication | Veterinariia | Abbreviated Journal | Veterinariia |
| Volume | Issue | 11 | Pages | 39-41 | |
| Keywords | Animals; Arboviruses/*classification/pathogenicity; Cattle; Deer; Ecology; Horses; Insect Vectors; Sheep; Swine; Turkeys; Viruses/*classification/pathogenicity | ||||
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| Language | Russian | Summary Language | Original Title | Zoopatogennye arbovirusy--sistematika i ekologiia | |
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0042-4846 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:814685 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2703 | ||
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| Author |
Madigan, J.E.; Whittemore, J. | ||||
| Title | The role of the equine practitioner in disasters | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2000 | Publication | Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association | Abbreviated Journal | J Am Vet Med Assoc |
| Volume | 216 | Issue | 8 | Pages | 1238-1239 |
| Keywords | *Animal Husbandry/education; *Animal Welfare; Animals; Disaster Planning; *Horses; *Natural Disasters; United States; *Veterinary Medicine | ||||
| Abstract | |||||
| Address | Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis 95616, USA | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0003-1488 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:10767959 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4055 | ||
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| Author |
Madigan, J.E.; Kortz, G.; Murphy, C.; Rodger, L. | ||||
| Title | Photic headshaking in the horse: 7 cases | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1995 | Publication | Equine Veterinary Journal | Abbreviated Journal | Equine Vet J |
| Volume | 27 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 306-311 |
| Keywords | Animals; Anti-Allergic Agents/therapeutic use; *Behavior, Animal; Cyproheptadine/therapeutic use; Female; *Head; Horse Diseases/drug therapy/*etiology; Horses; Light/*adverse effects; Male; Movement Disorders/drug therapy/etiology/*veterinary | ||||
| Abstract | Seven horses with headshaking are described. No physical abnormalities were detected in any of the cases. Six of these horses had onset of clinical signs in the spring. The role of light was assessed by application of a blindfold or dark grey lens to the eyes, covering the eyes with a face mask and observing the horse in total darkness outdoors. Cessation of headshaking was observed with blindfolding (5/5 horses), night darkness outdoors (4/4 horses) and use of grey lenses (2/3 horses). Outdoor behaviour suggested efforts to avoid light in 4/4 cases. The photic sneeze in man is suggested as a putative mechanism for equine headshaking. Five of 7 horses had improvement with cyproheptadine treatment (0.3 mg/kg bwt b.i.d.). Headshaking developed within 2 calendar weeks of the same date for 3 consecutive years in one horse. Neuropharmacological alterations associated with photoperiod mechanisms leading to optic trigeminal summation are suggested as possible reasons for spring onset of headshaking. | ||||
| Address | Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis 95616-8737, USA | ||||
| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0425-1644 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:8536668 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 1940 | ||
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| Author |
Madigan, J.E.; Bell, S.A. | ||||
| Title | Owner survey of headshaking in horses | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2001 | Publication | Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association | Abbreviated Journal | J Am Vet Med Assoc |
| Volume | 219 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 334-337 |
| Keywords | Animals; Anti-Allergic Agents/*therapeutic use; *Behavior, Animal/drug effects; Cyproheptadine/*therapeutic use; Data Collection; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Horse Diseases/diagnosis/drug therapy/*etiology; Horses; Humans; Male; Questionnaires; Seasons | ||||
| Abstract | OBJECTIVE: To determine signalment, history, clinical signs, duration, seasonality, and response to various treatments reported by owners for headshaking in horses. DESIGN: Owner survey. ANIMALS: 109 horses with headshaking. PROCEDURE: Owners of affected horses completed a survey questionnaire. RESULTS: 78 affected horses were geldings, 29 were mares, and 2 were stallions. Mean age of onset was 9 years. Headshaking in 64 horses had a seasonal component, and for most horses, headshaking began in spring and ceased in late summer or fall. The most common clinical signs were shaking the head in a vertical plane, acting like an insect was flying up the nostril, snorting excessively, rubbing the muzzle on objects, having an anxious expression while headshaking, worsening of clinical signs with exposure to sunlight, and improvement of clinical signs at night. Treatment with antihistamines, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, corticosteroids, antimicrobials, fly control, chiropractic, and acupuncture had limited success. Sixty-one horses had been treated with cyproheptadine; 43 had moderate to substantial improvement. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Headshaking may have many causes. A large subset of horses have similar clinical signs including shaking the head in a vertical plane, acting as if an insect were flying up the nostrils, and rubbing the muzzle on objects. Seasonality and worsening of clinical signs with exposure to light are also common features of this syndrome. Geldings and Thoroughbreds appear to be overrepresented. Cyproheptadine treatment was beneficial in more than two thirds of treated horses. | ||||
| Address | Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis 95616, USA | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0003-1488 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:11497047 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 1916 | ||
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| Author |
Mader, D.R.; Price, E.O. | ||||
| Title | Discrimination learning in horses: effects of breed, age and social dominance | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1980 | Publication | Journal of animal science | Abbreviated Journal | J. Anim Sci. |
| Volume | 50 | Issue | 5 | Pages | 962-965 |
| Keywords | Aging; Animals; *Discrimination Learning; Female; Horses/*physiology; *Social Dominance | ||||
| Abstract | The discrimination learning ability of Quarter Horses and Thoroughbreds was compared by means of visual cues in a three-choice test with food as a reward. Quarter Horses learned significantly faster than Thoroughbreds, and learning progressed more rapidly for both breeds in a second discrimination task. Significant negative correlations were observed between age and rate of learning. Quarter Horses tended to be less reactive than Thoroughbreds, but individual emotional reactivity ratings and learning scores were not correlated. No correlation was found between social dominance and learning scores. Learning studies with horses may provide a better understanding of the behavioral traits that influence trainability in this species. | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0021-8812 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:7390949 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 679 | ||
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