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Author  |
Broucek, J.; Ksac, P.; Uhrincat, M. | ||||
| Title | The effect of sire line on learning and locomotor behaviour of heifers | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2003 | Publication | Czech Journal of Animal Science | Abbreviated Journal | Czech J. Anim. Sci |
| Volume | 48 | Issue | Pages | 387-394 | |
| Keywords | heifers; sire; maze; open-field test; repeatability; learning; locomotor behaviour relationship | ||||
| Abstract | ABSTRACT: e aim of this study was to test the effect of sire line on maze learning ability and locomotor behaviour in open-field tests of heifers, consistency over the time of grid crossing and relationship between the time of traversing the maze and grid crossings in open-field tests, respectively. We analysed the results of ethological tests for 54 Holstein heifers that descended from 7 sires. Maze behaviour was observed at the age of 15 weeks, an open-field test was applied at two age periods, 16 weeks and 18 months. We found out highly significant differences in the time of traversing the maze between heifers of different sire origin (P < 0.01). e number of grid crossings over the five minutes of the open-field test did not differ between the daughters of the age of 16 weeks and 18 months. Repeatability between the number of grid crossings at the age of 16 weeks and 18 months was proved by significant correlation (r = 0.2713*). On the contrary, significant relationships between the times of traversing the maze and locomotor behaviour in the open-field test (r =-0.3739*) were found only when the sequence of observations followed after a week pause (age of 15 and 16 weeks). |
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4322 | ||
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| Author |
Broom, D.M. | ||||
| Title | Cognitive ability and awareness in domestic animals and decisions about obligations to animals | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2010 | Publication | Applied Animal Behaviour Science | Abbreviated Journal | Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. |
| Volume | 126 | Issue | 1-2 | Pages | 1-11 |
| Keywords | Cognition; Awareness; Self-awareness; Feelings; Emotions; Cognitive bias; Sentience; Welfare; Domestic animals | ||||
| Abstract | Observation of behaviour, especially social behaviour, and experimental studies of learning and brain function give us information about the complexity of concepts that animals have. In order to learn to obtain a resource or carry out an action, domestic animals may: relate stimuli such as human words to the reward, perform sequences of actions including navigation or detours, discriminate amongst other individuals, copy the actions of other individuals, distinguish between individuals who do or do not have information, or communicate so as to cause humans or other animals to carry out actions. Some parrots, that are accustomed to humans but not domesticated, can use words to have specific meanings. In some cases, stimuli, individuals or actions are remembered for days, weeks or years. Events likely to occur in the future may be predicted and changes over time taken into account. Scientific evidence for the needs of animals depends, in part, on studies assessing motivational strength whose methodology depends on the cognitive ability of the animals. Recognition and learning may be associated with changes in physiology, behaviour and positive or negative feelings. Learning and other complex behaviour can result in affect and affect can alter cognition. The demonstration of cognitive bias gives indications about affect and welfare but should be interpreted in the light of other information. All of the information mentioned so far helps to provide evidence about sentience and the level of awareness. The term sentience implies a range of abilities, not just the capacity to have some feelings. The reluctance of scientists to attribute complex abilities and feelings to non-humans has slowed the development of this area of science. Most people consider that they have obligations to some animals. However, they might protect animals because they consider that an animal has an intrinsic value, or because of their concern for its welfare. In social species, there has been selection promoting moral systems that might result in behaviours such as attempts to avoid harm to others, collaboration and other altruistic behaviour. An evaluation of such behaviour may provide one of the criteria for decisions about whether or not to protect animals of a particular species. Other criteria may be: whether or not the animal is known as an individual, similarity to humans, level of awareness, extent of feelings, being large, being rare, being useful or having aesthetic quality for humans. Cognitive ability should also be considered when designing methods of enriching the environments of captive animals. | ||||
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| ISSN | 0168-1591 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5135 | ||
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| Author |
Brinkmann, L.; Gerken, M.; Riek, A. | ||||
| Title | Effect of long-term feed restriction on the health status and welfare of a robust horse breed, the Shetland pony (Equus ferus caballus) | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2013 | Publication | Research in Veterinary Science | Abbreviated Journal | Res. Vet. Sci. |
| Volume | 94 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 826-831 |
| Keywords | Animal welfare; Blood parameter; Extensive housing; Feed restriction; Horse; Winter conditions | ||||
| Abstract | Outdoor group housing is increasingly recognized as an appropriate housing system for domesticated horses. The objective of this study was therefore to investigate the effect of potential feed shortage in semi-natural horse keeping systems in winter on animal health and welfare. In 10 female Shetland ponies blood concentrations (NEFA, total protein (TP), total bilirubin (TB), beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) and thyroxine (T4)), body mass and the body condition score (BCS) were monitored for 7months including a 4months period of feed restriction in five of the 10 ponies. Restrictively fed animals lost 18.4±2.99% of their body mass and the BCS decreased by 2.2±0.8 points (BCS scale: 0=emaciated, 5=obese). Feed restriction led to a continuous increase in TB (P<0.001) and NEFA (P<0.01) concentrations compared to control ponies. The TP and BHB values only differed at the end of the trial with lower concentrations in restricted fed mares (P<0.05). Feed restriction had no effect on thyroxine concentrations. TB concentrations in the feed restricted group were out of the reference range during the entire feeding trial. The increased NEFA concentrations in feed restricted compared to control ponies suggest that fat was mobilized. The BCS, as well as plasma NEFA and TB concentrations were good indicators for a rapid detection of possible health problems caused by undernourishment in horses when kept under semi-natural conditions. In contrast, blood parameters of the control animals were within the reference ranges, suggesting that a year round outdoor housing with additional feed supply is an adequate housing system for a robust horse breed like the Shetland pony. | ||||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0034-5288 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6601 | ||
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| Author |
Bonanni, R.; Cafazzo, S.; Valsecchi, P.; Natoli, E. | ||||
| Title | Effect of affiliative and agonistic relationships on leadership behaviour in free-ranging dogs | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2010 | Publication | Animal Behaviour. | Abbreviated Journal | Anim. Behav. |
| Volume | 79 | Issue | 5 | Pages | 981-991 |
| Keywords | affiliative relationship; agonistic dominance; Canis lupus familiaris; consensus costs; consensus decisions; domestic dog; formal dominance; individual variation in leadership | ||||
| Abstract | Consensus decisions about the nature and timing of group activities allow animals to maintain group cohesiveness, but also entail costs because individuals often differ with respect to their optimal activity budgets. Two mechanisms whereby animals reach a consensus include ‘consistent leadership’, in which a single dominant individual makes the decision, and ‘variable leadership’ in which several group members contribute to the decision outcome. Sharing of consensus decisions is expected to reduce consensus costs to most group members. Both patterns are thought to emerge from the complexity of social relationships of group members. We investigated the distribution of leadership during group departures in two packs of free-ranging dogs, Canis lupus familiaris, and tested how its distribution between individuals was affected by dominance rank-related affiliative and agonistic relationships. Although leadership was not entirely concentrated on a single group member, both packs had a limited number of habitual leaders. In the largest pack, the pattern of leadership changed from ‘variable’ to nearly ‘consistent’ after its size had shrunk. Habitual leaders were usually old and high-ranking individuals. However, high-ranking dogs that received affiliative submissions in greeting ceremonies were more likely to lead than dominant dogs receiving submissions only in agonistic contexts. During resting times, habitual followers associated more closely with habitual leaders than with other followers. These results suggest that in social species collective movements may arise from the effort of subordinates to maintain close proximity with specific valuable social partners. | ||||
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| ISSN | 0003-3472 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5177 | ||
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| Author |
Blunden, A.S.; Smith, K.C.; Whitwell, K.E.; Dunn, K.A. | ||||
| Title | Systemic infection by equid herpesvirus-1 in a Grevy's zebra stallion (Equus grevyi) with particular reference to genital pathology | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1998 | Publication | Journal of Comparative Pathology | Abbreviated Journal | J Comp Pathol |
| Volume | 119 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 485-493 |
| Keywords | Animals; Animals, Zoo; Epididymis/pathology/virology; Equidae/*virology; Herpesviridae Infections/diagnosis/pathology/*veterinary; Herpesvirus 1, Equid/isolation & purification/*pathogenicity; Lymph Nodes/pathology/virology; Male; Nasal Mucosa/pathology/virology; Pulmonary Edema/pathology; Spleen/virology; Testis/*pathology/virology | ||||
| Abstract | A severe multi-systemic form of equid herpesvirus-1 infection is described in an adult zebra stallion. There was multifocal necrotizing rhinitis, marked hydrothorax and pulmonary oedema, with viral antigen expression in degenerating epithelial cells, local endothelial cells and intravascular leucocytes of the nasal mucosa and lung. Specific localization of EHV-1 infection was seen in the testes and epididymides, including infection of Leydig cells and germinal epithelium, which would have facilitated venereal shedding of virus in life. The case provided a unique opportunity to study hitherto undescribed aspects of the pathogenesis of naturally occurring EHV-1 infection in the male equine genital tract. Restriction digests of the isolate demonstrated a pattern similar to that of EHV-1 isolates previously recovered from aborted zebra and onager fetuses. | ||||
| Address | Animal Health Trust Centre for Preventive Medicine, Newmarket, Suffolk, UK | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0021-9975 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:9839210 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2239 | ||
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| Author |
Blokland, A. | ||||
| Title | Reaction time responding in rats | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1998 | Publication | Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews | Abbreviated Journal | Neurosci Biobehav Rev |
| Volume | 22 | Issue | 6 | Pages | 847-864 |
| Keywords | Amphetamine/pharmacology; Animals; Behavior, Animal/drug effects/*physiology; Conditioning, Operant/drug effects/*physiology; Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors/pharmacology; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Male; Rats; Rats, Inbred Lew; Reaction Time/drug effects/*physiology | ||||
| Abstract | The use of reaction time has a great tradition in the field of human information processing research. In animal research the use of reaction time test paradigms is mainly limited to two research fields: the role of the striatum in movement initiation; and aging. It was discussed that reaction time responding can be regarded as “single behavior”, this term was used to indicate that only one behavioral category is measured, allowing a better analysis of brain-behavior relationships. Reaction time studies investigating the role of the striatum in motor functions revealed that the initiation of a behavioral response is dependent on the interaction of different neurotransmitters (viz. dopamine, glutamate, GABA). Studies in which lesions were made in different brain structures suggested that motor initiation is dependent on defined brain structures (e.g. medialldorsal striatum, prefrontal cortex). It was concluded that the use of reaction time measures can indeed be a powerful tool in studying brain-behavior relationships. However, there are some methodological constraints with respect to the assessment of reaction time in rats, as was tried to exemplify by the experiments described in the present paper. On the one hand one should try to control for behavioral characteristics of rats that may affect the validity of the parameter reaction time. On the other hand, the mean value of reaction time should be in the range of what has been reported in man. Although these criteria were not always met in several studies, it was concluded that reaction time can be validly assessed in rats. Finally, it was discussed that the use of reaction time may go beyond studies that investigate the role of the basal ganglia in motor output. Since response latency is a direct measure of information processing this parameter may provide insight into basic elements of cognition. Based on the significance of reaction times in human studies the use of this dependent variable in rats may provide a fruitful approach in studying brain-behavior relationships in cognitive functions. | ||||
| Address | Department of Psychology, University of Maastricht, The Netherlands | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | 0149-7634 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:9809315 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2807 | ||
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| Author |
Bertram, D.S. | ||||
| Title | Mosquitoes of British Honduras, with some comments on malaria, and on arbovirus antibodies in man and equines | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1971 | Publication | Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene | Abbreviated Journal | Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg |
| Volume | 65 | Issue | 6 | Pages | 742-762 |
| Keywords | Aedes; Animals; Anopheles; Antibodies/*analysis; Arbovirus Infections/*epidemiology/immunology/veterinary; Belize; Culex; *Culicidae/classification; Ecology; Encephalitis Virus, St. Louis/immunology; Encephalitis Virus, Venezuelan Equine/immunology; Horse Diseases/*epidemiology/immunology; Horses; Humans; Insect Vectors; Malaria/*epidemiology; Neutralization Tests; Seasons | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0035-9203 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:4400502 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2732 | ||
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| Author |
Bergstrom, C.T.; Lachmann, M. | ||||
| Title | Signaling among relatives. III. Talk is cheap | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1998 | Publication | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |
| Volume | 95 | Issue | 9 | Pages | 5100-5105 |
| Keywords | Animal Communication; Animals; Costs and Cost Analysis; *Evolution; Interpersonal Relations; Models, Biological | ||||
| Abstract | The Sir Philip Sidney game has been used by numerous authors to show how signal cost can facilitate honest signaling among relatives. Here, we demonstrate that, in this game, honest cost-free signals are possible as well, under very general conditions. Moreover, these cost-free signals are better for all participants than the previously explored alternatives. Recent empirical evidence suggests that begging is energetically inexpensive for nestling birds; this finding led some researchers to question the applicability of the costly signaling framework to nestling begging. Our results show that cost-free or inexpensive signals, as observed empirically, fall within the framework of signaling theory. | ||||
| Address | Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. carl@charles.stanford.edu | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0027-8424 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:9560235 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 561 | ||
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| Author |
Ayres, C.M.; Davey, L.M.; German, W.J. | ||||
| Title | Cerebral Hydatidosis. Clinical Case Report With A Review Of Pathogenesis | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1963 | Publication | Journal of Neurosurgery | Abbreviated Journal | J Neurosurg |
| Volume | 20 | Issue | Pages | 371-377 | |
| Keywords | *Alaska; *Arctic Regions; *Brain Diseases; *Cattle; *Child; *Dogs; *Echinococcosis; *Ecology; *Epidemiology; *Heart Diseases; *Horses; *Infant; *Inuits; *Occipital Lobe; *Sheep; *Alaska; *Arctic Regions; *Brain Diseases; *Cattle; *Child; *Dogs; *Echinococcosis; *Ecology; *Epidemiology; *Eskimos; *Heart Diseases; *Horses; *Infant; *Occipital Lobe; *Review; *Sheep | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0022-3085 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:14186052 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2748 | ||
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| Author |
Assersohn, C.; Whiten, A.; Kiwede, Z.T.; Tinka, J.; Karamagi, J. | ||||
| Title | Use of leaves to inspect ectoparasites in wild chimpanzees: a third cultural variant? | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2004 | Publication | Primates | Abbreviated Journal | Primates |
| Volume | 45 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 255-258 |
| Keywords | Animals; Animals, Wild/physiology; Ape Diseases/*parasitology; Behavior, Animal/*physiology; Ectoparasitic Infestations/parasitology/*veterinary; Female; Grooming/*physiology; Male; Pan troglodytes/*physiology; *Plant Leaves; Protozoa/*isolation & purification; Uganda | ||||
| Abstract | We report 26 cases of using leaves as tools with which wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) in the Sonso community, Budongo Forest, Uganda, appeared to inspect objects removed during grooming. Careful removal of potential ectoparasites and delicate lip or manual placement on leaves followed by intense visual examination characterised this behaviour. It appears to be done to judge whether either ingestion or discarding is most appropriate, the former occurring in most cases. This behaviour may represent a third variant of ectoparasite handling, different from those described at Tai and Gombe, yet sharing features with the latter. These two East African techniques may thus have evolved from leaf grooming. | ||||
| Address | Scottish Primate Research Group, School of Psychology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9JU, Fife, UK | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0032-8332 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:15179558 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 733 | ||
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