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Hauser MD; Santos LR; Spaepen GM; Pearson HE |
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Title |
Problem solving, inhibition and domain-specific experience: experiments on cotton-top tamarins, Saguinus oedipus |
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2002 |
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Animal Behaviour. |
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Anim. Behav. |
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64 |
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387 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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3067 |
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Author |
Hemelrijk, C.K. |
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Title |
Towards the integration of social dominance and spatial structure |
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2000 |
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Animal Behaviour. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Behav. |
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59 |
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5 |
Pages |
1035-1048 |
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My aim was to show how individual-oriented (or artificial life) models may provide an integrative background for the development of theories about dominance by including effects of spatial structure. Dominance interactions are thought to serve two different, contrasting functions: acquisition of high rank and reduction of aggression. The model I present consists of a homogeneous virtual world inhabited by artificial agents whose actions are restricted to grouping and dominance interactions in which the effects of winning and losing are self-reinforcing. The two functions are implemented as strategies to initiate dominance interactions and the intensity of aggression and dominance perception (direct or memory based) are varied experimentally. Behaviour is studied by recording the same behavioural units as in real animals. Ranks appear to differentiate more clearly at high than at low intensity of aggression and also more in the case of direct than of memory-based rank perception. Strong differentiation of rank produces a cascade of unexpected effects that differ depending on which function is implemented: for instance, a decline in aggression, spatial centrality of dominants and a correlation between rank and aggression. Insight into the origination of these self-organized patterns leads to new hypotheses for the study of the social behaviour of real animals. |
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refbase @ user @ |
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863 |
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Author |
Hemelrijk, C.K. |
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Title |
Models of, and tests for, reciprocity, unidirectionality and other social interaction patterns at a group level |
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Year |
1990 |
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Animal Behaviour. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Behav. |
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39 |
Issue |
6 |
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1013-1029 |
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Research on reciprocity is impaired by confusing definitions and often wrongly used statistical tests. Here, two models of the mechanism on which reciprocity may be based are discussed and an initial step towards a new fremework for its analysis is presented. A distinction is made between reciprocity and interchange. In the case of reciprocity, for one kind of act the same kind is received in return. In interchange, however, two different kinds of acts are bartered. Three types of reciprocity/interchange in social actions among all pairs of group-members are distinguished ([`]qualitative', [`]relative' and [`]absolute') on the basis of the precision of the reciprocity/interchange. Permutation procedures for association between matrices (such as the Mantel Z and two other newly derived tests) are used as a statistical test for detecting reciprocity/interchange. A rough comparison of the power of the two new tests is included. The tests can be applied to all kinds of group-living animals and to all sorts of social behaviour. The distinction between the three types of reciprocity/interchange and the matching statistical methods are also useful for defining and detecting other patterns in social interactions, like unidirectionality and associations between different kinds of social behaviour. The influence on social interactions of variables like dominance rank, age and sex can be analysed in the three forms by testing correlations between invented matrices which represent the influence of these variables (the so-called hypothesis matrices) and social interaction matrices. These methods are extended for two categories of individuals, thus allowing the investigation of, for example, reciprocity between males and females. The methods are illustrated with examples of coalition formation and grooming behaviour among captive chimpanzees, Pan troglodytes. |
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0003-3472 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5049 |
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Henson, S.M.; Dennis, B.; Hayward, J.L.; Cushing, J.M.; Galusha, J.G. |
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Title |
Predicting the dynamics of animal behaviour in field populations |
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2007 |
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Animal Behaviour. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Behav. |
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74 |
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1 |
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103-110 |
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colony occupancy; differential equation; dynamic modelling; glaucous-winged gull; habitat ecology; Larus glaucescens; mathematical modelling; sleep; territory attendance |
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Many species show considerable variation in behaviour among individuals. We show that some behaviours are largely deterministic and predictable with mathematical models. We propose a general differential equation model of behaviour in field populations and use the methodology to explain and predict the dynamics of sleep and colony attendance in seabirds as a function of environmental factors. Our model explained over half the variability in the data to which it was fitted, and it predicted the dynamics of an independent data set. Differential equation models may provide new approaches to the study of behaviour in animals and humans. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4206 |
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Author |
Henzi, S.P.; Lycett, J.E.; Weingrill, T. |
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Title |
Mate guarding and risk assessment by male mountain baboons during inter-troop encounters |
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Year |
1998 |
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Animal Behaviour. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Behav. |
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55 |
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6 |
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1421-1428 |
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Aggressive herding of females is a frequent but not invariant response by male savannah baboons,Papio cynocephalus, to encounters with other troops. While males in some troops are consistently more likely to herd than those in others, not all inter-troop encounters result in herding, even within particular troops. This suggests that males assess the risk of male invasion posed by each encounter and respond accordingly. We used data from baboon troops in the Drakensberg mountains to determine the rules males follow in deciding whether to herd. Consistent differences between troops were explained only by the adult sex ratio. Males were more likely to herd if the sex ratio of their own troop was female biased, a finding that is concordant with the observation that males are more likely to immigrate into troops where the sex ratio is more female biased than the population average. Differences within troops were a consequence only of encounter distance, with herding being more likely at closer distances. We found a negative correlation between the angle of approach to the other troop and the subsequent angle of deflection. We interpret this to mean that herding functions to increase the distance between the interacting troops, thereby curtailing opportunities for strange males to inspect the troop and determine its sex ratio. In this way, possibly unlike those in other populations, the decision rules of these male baboons are geared to protecting longer-term reproductive prospects. |
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0003-3472 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5311 |
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Author |
Hewitt, S.E.; Macdonald, D.W.; Dugdale, H.L. |
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Title |
Context-dependent linear dominance hierarchies in social groups of European badgers, Meles meles |
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Journal Article |
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2009 |
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Animal Behaviour. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Behav. |
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Volume |
77 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
161-169 |
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David's score; directed aggression; dominance rank; European badger; grooming behaviour; linear dominance hierarchy; Meles meles; reproductive success; relatedness; social status |
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A social hierarchy is generally assumed to exist in those mammalian societies in which the costs and benefits of group living are distributed unevenly among group members. We analysed infrared closed-circuit television footage, collected over 3 years in Wytham Woods, Oxfordshire, to test whether social groups of European badgers have dominance hierarchies. Analysis of directed aggression between dyads revealed linear dominance hierarchies in three social-group-years, but patterns within social groups were not consistent across years. Dominance hierarchies were significantly steeper than random in five out of six social-group-years. In those social-group-years where a linear hierarchy was determined, there was an effect of sex on dominance rank, with females gaining significantly higher rank than males in two social-group-years. Overall, rank was not related to age, nor did it appear to affect the likelihood of an individual being wounded, or an individual's breeding status. The latter resulted from nonorthogonality between sex and breeding status, as there were only two breeding males. Overall, hierarchies were primarily dominated by breeding females, and may occur when breeding competition arises. Relatedness, unreciprocated allogrooming and sequential allomarking were not consistently related to levels of directed aggression across social-group-years. We suggest that dominance structures within European badger groups may be context dependent, with future study required to complete our understanding of where, and when, they arise. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4695 |
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Author |
Heyes CM |
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Title |
Reflections on self-recognition in primates |
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Year |
1994 |
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Animal Behaviour. |
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Anim. Behav. |
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47 |
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909 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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3005 |
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Heyes CM |
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Title |
Self-recognition in primates: further reflections create a hall of mirrors |
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1995 |
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Animal Behaviour. |
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Anim. Behav. |
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50 |
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1533 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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3006 |
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Heyes CM |
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Self-recognition in primates: irreverence, irrelevance and irony |
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1996 |
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Animal Behaviour. |
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Anim. Behav. |
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51 |
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470 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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3007 |
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Heyes, C.M. |
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Title |
Imitation and flattery: a reply to Byrne & Tomasello |
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1995 |
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Animal Behaviour. |
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Anim. Behav. |
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50 |
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5 |
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1421-1424 |
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refbase @ user @ |
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593 |
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