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Author | Whiten, A. | ||||
Title | Social complexity and social intelligence | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 2000 | Publication | Novartis Foundation Symposium | Abbreviated Journal | Novartis Found Symp |
Volume | 233 | Issue | Pages | 185-96; discussion 196-201 | |
Keywords | Animals; Brain/anatomy & histology/*physiology; Humans; *Intelligence/physiology; Learning; Models, Psychological; Primates; *Social Behavior; Social Problems | ||||
Abstract | When we talk of the 'nature of intelligence', or any other attribute, we may be referring to its essential structure, or to its place in nature, particularly the function it has evolved to serve. Here I examine both, from the perspective of the evolution of intelligence in primates. Over the last 20 years, the Social (or 'Machiavellian') Intelligence Hypothesis has gained empirical support. Its core claim is that the intelligence of primates is primarily an adaptation to the special complexities of primate social life. In addition to this hypothesis about the function of intellect, a secondary claim is that the very structure of intelligence has been moulded to be 'social' in character, an idea that presents a challenge to orthodox views of intelligence as a general-purpose capacity. I shall outline the principal components of social intelligence and the environment of social complexity it engages with. This raises the question of whether domain specificity is an appropriate characterization of social intelligence and its subcomponents, like theory of mind. As a counter-argument to such specificity I consider the hypothesis that great apes exhibit a cluster of advanced cognitive abilities that rest on a shared capacity for second-order mental representation. | ||||
Address | School of Psychology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9JU, UK | ||||
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Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 1528-2511 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | PMID:11276903 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | Serial | 2084 | |||
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Author | Swartz, K.B. | ||||
Title | What is mirror self-recognition in nonhuman primates, and what is it not? | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1997 | Publication | Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences | Abbreviated Journal | Ann N Y Acad Sci |
Volume | 818 | Issue | Pages | 64-71 | |
Keywords | Animals; *Awareness; *Behavior, Animal; *Ego; Primates/*psychology | ||||
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Address | Department of Psychology, Lehman College of the City University of New York, Bronx 10468, USA | ||||
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Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 0077-8923 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | PMID:9237465 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4135 | ||
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Author | Sterck, E.; Watts, D.; van Schaik, C. | ||||
Title | The evolution of female social relationships in nonhuman primates | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1997 | Publication | Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology | Abbreviated Journal | Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. |
Volume | 41 | Issue | 5 | Pages | 291-309 |
Keywords | ecology; matrilocal; primate; social; theory | ||||
Abstract | Considerable interspeci®c variation in female social relationships occurs in gregarious primates, particularly with regard to agonism and cooperation between females and to the quality of female relationships with males. This variation exists alongside variation in female philopatry and dispersal. Socioecological theories have tried to explain variation in female-female social relationships from an evolutionary perspective focused on ecological factors, notably predation and food distribution. According to the current ``ecological model'', predation risk forces females of most diurnal primate species to live in groups; the strength of the contest component of competition for resources within and between groups then largely determines social relationships between females. Social elationships among gregarious females are here characterized as DispersalEgalitarian, Resident-Nepotistic, Resident-Nepotistic-Tolerant, or Resident-Egalitarian. This ecological model has successfully explained i€erences in the occurrence of formal submission signals, decided dominance relation ships, coalitions and female philopatry. Group size and female rank generally a€ect female reproduction success as the model predicts, and studies of closely related species in di€erent ecological circumstances underscore the importance of the model. Some cases, however, can only be explained when we extend the model to incorporate the e€ects of infanticide risk and habitat saturation. We review evidence in support of the ecological model and test the power of alternative models that invoke between-group competition, forced female philopatry, demographic female recruitment, male interventions into female aggression, and male harassment. Not one of these models can replace the ecological model, which already encompasses the between-group competition. Currently the best model, which explains several phenomena that the ecological model does not, is a ``socioecological model'' based on the combined importance of ecological factors, habitat saturation and infanticide avoidance. We note some points of similarity and divergence with other mammalian taxa; these remain to be explored in detail. |
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5227 | ||
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Author | Seyfarth, R.M.; Cheney, D.L. | ||||
Title | Cognitive strategies and the representation of social relations by monkeys | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2001 | Publication | Nebraska Symposium on Motivation. Nebraska Symposium on Motivation | Abbreviated Journal | Nebr Symp Motiv |
Volume | 47 | Issue | Pages | 145-177 | |
Keywords | Adaptation, Biological; Animals; *Evolution; Family; Female; Haplorhini; Male; Memory; Primates; *Selection (Genetics); *Social Behavior; Social Dominance; *Social Perception | ||||
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Address | University of Pennsylvania, USA | ||||
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Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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ISSN | 0146-7875 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | PMID:11759347 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 345 | ||
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Author | Seyfarth, R.M.; Cheney, D.L. | ||||
Title | What are big brains for? | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2002 | Publication | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |
Volume | 99 | Issue | 7 | Pages | 4141-4142 |
Keywords | Animals; Brain/*anatomy & histology; *Intelligence; Learning; Primates/*anatomy & histology/*psychology; Social Behavior | ||||
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Address | Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. seyfarth@psych.upenn.edu | ||||
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Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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ISSN | 0027-8424 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | PMID:11929989 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 692 | ||
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Author | Sawaguchi, T.; Kudo, H. | ||||
Title | Neocortical development and social structure in primates | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1990 | Publication | Primates | Abbreviated Journal | Primates |
Volume | 31 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 283-289 |
Keywords | Neocortex – Relative size – Allometry – Congeneric group – Social structure – Monogyny – Polygyny – Primates | ||||
Abstract | Abstract  The relationships between the relative size of the neocortex and differences in social structures were examined in prosimians and anthropoids. The relative size of the neocortex (RSN) of a given congeneric group in each superfamily of primates was measured based on the allometric relationships between neocortical volume and brain weight for each superfamily, to control phylogenetic affinity and the effects of brain size. In prosimians, “troop-making†congeneric groups (N=3) revealed a significantly larger RSN than solitary groups (N=6), and there was a significant, positive correlation between RSN and troop size. In the case of anthropoids, polygynous/frugivorous groups (N=5) revealed a significantly larger RSN than monogynous/frugivorous groups (N=8). Furthermore, a significant, positive correlation between RSN and troop size was found for frugivorous congeneric groups of the Ceboidea. These results suggest that neocortical development is associated with differences in social structure among primates. | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4799 | ||
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Author | Russon, A.E.; Galdikas, B.M.F. | ||||
Title | Constraints on great apes' imitation: Model and action selectivity in rehabilitant orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus) imitation | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1995 | Publication | Journal of Comparative Psychology | Abbreviated Journal | J. Comp. Psychol. |
Volume | 109 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 5-17 |
Keywords | *Imitation (Learning); Primates (Nonhuman) | ||||
Abstract | We discuss selectivity in great ape imitation, on the basis of an observational study of spontaneous imitation in free-ranging rehabilitant orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus). Research on great ape imitation has neglected selectivity, although comparative evidence suggests it may be important. We observed orangutans in central Indonesian Borneo and assessed patterns in the models and actions they spontaneously imitated. The patterns we found resembled those reported in humans. Orangutans preferred models with whom they had positive affective relationships (e.g., important caregiver or older sibling) and actions that reflected their current competence, were receptively familiar, and were relevant to tasks that faced them. Both developmental and individual variability were found. We discuss the probable functions of imitation for great apes and the role of selectivity in directing it. We also make suggestions for more effective elicitation of imitation. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved) | ||||
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Publisher | American Psychological Association | Place of Publication | Us | Editor | |
Language | Summary Language | Original Title | |||
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ISSN | 1939-2087(Electronic);0735-7036(Print) | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ 1995-20268-001 | Serial | 5690 | ||
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Author | Reader, S.M.; Laland, K.N. | ||||
Title | Social intelligence, innovation, and enhanced brain size in primates | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2002 | Publication | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |
Volume | 99 | Issue | 7 | Pages | 4436-4441 |
Keywords | Animals; Brain/*anatomy & histology; Evolution; *Intelligence; Learning; Primates/*anatomy & histology/*psychology; Social Behavior | ||||
Abstract | Despite considerable current interest in the evolution of intelligence, the intuitively appealing notion that brain volume and “intelligence” are linked remains untested. Here, we use ecologically relevant measures of cognitive ability, the reported incidence of behavioral innovation, social learning, and tool use, to show that brain size and cognitive capacity are indeed correlated. A comparative analysis of 533 instances of innovation, 445 observations of social learning, and 607 episodes of tool use established that social learning, innovation, and tool use frequencies are positively correlated with species' relative and absolute “executive” brain volumes, after controlling for phylogeny and research effort. Moreover, innovation and social learning frequencies covary across species, in conflict with the view that there is an evolutionary tradeoff between reliance on individual experience and social cues. These findings provide an empirical link between behavioral innovation, social learning capacities, and brain size in mammals. The ability to learn from others, invent new behaviors, and use tools may have played pivotal roles in primate brain evolution. | ||||
Address | Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, High Street, Madingley, Cambridge CB3 8AA, United Kingdom | ||||
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Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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ISSN | 0027-8424 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | PMID:11891325 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | Serial | 2149 | |||
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Author | Pérez-Barbería, F.J.; Shultz, S.; Dunbar, R.I.M.; Janis, C. | ||||
Title | Evidence For Coevolution Of Sociality And Relative Brain Size In Three Orders Of Mammals | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2007 | Publication | Evolution | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 61 | Issue | 12 | Pages | 2811-2821 |
Keywords | Brain size, carnivores, coevolution, primates, sociality, ungulates | ||||
Abstract | Abstract As the brain is responsible for managing an individual's behavioral response to its environment, we should expect that large relative brain size is an evolutionary response to cognitively challenging behaviors. The “social brain hypothesis†argues that maintaining group cohesion is cognitively demanding as individuals living in groups need to be able to resolve conflicts that impact on their ability to meet resource requirements. If sociality does impose cognitive demands, we expect changes in relative brain size and sociality to be coupled over evolutionary time. In this study, we analyze data on sociality and relative brain size for 206 species of ungulates, carnivores, and primates and provide, for the first time, evidence that changes in sociality and relative brain size are closely correlated over evolutionary time for all three mammalian orders. This suggests a process of coevolution and provides support for the social brain theory. However, differences between taxonomic orders in the stability of the transition between small-brained/nonsocial and large-brained/social imply that, although sociality is cognitively demanding, sociality and relative brain size can become decoupled in some cases. Carnivores seem to have been especially prone to this. |
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Notes | doi: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2007.00229.x | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4781 | ||
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Author | Pennisi, E. | ||||
Title | Are out primate cousins 'conscious'? | Type | |||
Year | 1999 | Publication | Science (New York, N.Y.) | Abbreviated Journal | Science |
Volume | 284 | Issue | 5423 | Pages | 2073-2076 |
Keywords | Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Cebus; *Consciousness; Empathy; Humans; Instinct; Intelligence; Learning; *Mental Processes; Pan troglodytes; *Primates | ||||
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Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 0036-8075 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | PMID:10409060 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2843 | ||
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