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Biederman, G.B.; Robertson, H.A.; Vanayan, M. | ||||
| Title | Observational learning of two visual discriminations by pigeons: a within-subjects design | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1986 | Publication | Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior | Abbreviated Journal | J Exp Anal Behav |
| Volume | 46 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 45-49 |
| Keywords | Animals; Attention; Columbidae; Conditioning, Operant; Cues; *Discrimination Learning; *Imitative Behavior; Male; Visual Perception | ||||
| Abstract | Pigeon's observational learning of successive visual discrimination was studied using within-subject comparisons of data from three experimental conditions. Two pairs of discriminative stimuli were used; each bird was exposed to two of the three experimental conditions, with different pairs of stimuli used in a given bird's two conditions. In one condition, observers were exposed to visual discriminative stimuli only. In a second condition, subjects were exposed to a randomly alternating sequence of two stimuli where the one that would subsequently be used as S+ was paired with the operation of the grain magazine. In a third experimental condition, subjects were exposed to the performance of a conspecific in the operant discrimination procedure. After exposures to conspecific performances, there was facilitation of discriminative learning, relative to that which followed exposures to stimulus and reinforcement sequences or exposures to stimulus sequences alone. Exposure to stimulus and food-delivery sequences enhanced performance relative to exposure to stimulus sequences alone. The differential effects of these three types of exposure were not attributable to order effects or to task difficulty; rather, they clearly were due to the type of exposure. | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | 0022-5002 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:3746187 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 853 | ||
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| Author |
Birch, H.G. | ||||
| Title | The relation of previous experience to insightful problem-solving | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1945 | Publication | Journal of Comparative Psychology | Abbreviated Journal | J Comp Psychol |
| Volume | 38 | Issue | Pages | 367-383 | |
| Keywords | Humans; *Problem Solving; *Psychology, Comparative; *PSYCHOLOGY/comparative | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | 0021-9940 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:21010765 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6554 | ||
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| Author |
Birch, H.L.; Bailey, A.J.; Goodship, A.E. | ||||
| Title | Macroscopic 'degeneration' of equine superficial digital flexor tendon is accompanied by a change in extracellular matrix composition | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1998 | Publication | Equine Veterinary Journal | Abbreviated Journal | Equine Vet J |
| Volume | 30 | Issue | 6 | Pages | 534-539 |
| Keywords | Animals; Collagen/analysis; DNA/analysis; Extracellular Matrix/*chemistry; Glycosaminoglycans/analysis; Horses/injuries/*physiology; Immunohistochemistry; Rupture/veterinary; Tendon Injuries/metabolism/pathology/veterinary; Tendons/chemistry/*pathology; Water/analysis | ||||
| Abstract | Injuries to the superficial digital flexor tendon are common in horses required to gallop and jump at speed. Partial rupture of this tendon usually occurs in the central core of the midmetacarpal region and may be preceded by localised degenerative changes. Post mortem examination of apparently normal equine flexor tendons has revealed an abnormal macroscopic appearance in the central core, characterised by a reddish discolouration. We have previously shown that there is also physical damage to the collagen fibres. In the present study we tested the hypothesis that the abnormal appearance is accompanied by changes in the composition of the extracellular matrix of the tendon. Biochemical analysis of the extracellular matrix demonstrated an increase in total sulphated glycosaminoglycan content, increase in the proportion of type III collagen and decrease in collagen linked fluorescence in the central core of 'degenerated' tendons relative to tissue from the peripheral region of the same tendon. Dry matter content and total collagen content were not significantly different between tendon zones or normal and 'degenerated' tendons. These changes suggest a change in cell metabolism and matrix turnover in the central core of the tendon and are likely to contribute to a decrease in mechanical properties in this part of the tendon, predisposing to the characteristic partial rupture of the tendon. | ||||
| Address | Veterinary Basic Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, Hatfield, UK | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | 0425-1644 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:9844973 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 3794 | ||
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| Author |
Bizot J.-C.; Thiebot M.-H. | ||||
| Title | Impulsivity as a confounding factor in certain animal tests of cognitive function | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1996 | Publication | Cognitive Brain Research | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 3 | Issue | Pages | 243-250 | |
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 3450 | ||
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| Author |
Blakeman, N.E.; Friend, T.H. | ||||
| Title | Visual discrimination at varying distances in Spanish goats | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1986 | Publication | Appl Anim Behav Sci | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 16 | Issue | Pages | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ Blakeman1986 | Serial | 6251 | ||
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| Author |
Blazyczek, I.; Hamann, H.; Deegen, E.; Distl, O.; Ohnesorge, B. | ||||
| Title | Retrospective analysis of 50 cases of guttural pouch tympany in foals | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2004 | Publication | The Veterinary Record | Abbreviated Journal | Vet. Rec. |
| Volume | 154 | Issue | 9 | Pages | 261-264 |
| Keywords | Animals; Female; Germany/epidemiology; Horse Diseases/*surgery; Horses; Male; Pharyngeal Diseases/epidemiology/surgery/*veterinary; Retrospective Studies; Severity of Illness Index; Species Specificity | ||||
| Abstract | Between 1994 and 2001, guttural pouch tympany was diagnosed in 51 foals; there were approximately three times as many fillies as colts, of Arabian, different German warmblood breeds and Western horse breeds. There were significantly more Arabian and paint horse foals than expected in comparison with the breed distribution of the foals hospitalised at the Clinic for Horses. The foals' breed and sex did not influence the age of onset, the type and severity of the clinical signs or the recurrence rate. A surgical laser technique was used on 50 of the foals; in 35 cases only one surgical treatment was necessary, in seven cases a second operation was required during the foal's initial period of hospitalisation, and in eight cases a second operation was performed during a second period of hospitalisation. Long-term follow-up information was obtained for 44 of the 50 treated horses; 24 of them were under two years of age and 20 were over two years of age. In six horses, no follow-up information was available. Four horses were euthanased for reasons unrelated to the condition or its treatment. The horses over two years of age were in training or were being used for competitions in dressage or jumping or for breeding purposes, and in only one of them was an adventitious respiratory noise reported. All the horses up to two years of age were reported to be healthy. | ||||
| Address | Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, School of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Buenteweg 17p, D-30559 Hannover, Germany | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0042-4900 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:15029964 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 3719 | ||
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| Author |
Boden, L.A.; Anderson, G.A.; Charles, J.A.; Morgan, K.L.; Morton, J.M.; Parkin, T.D.H.; Slocombe, R.F.; Clarke, A.F. | ||||
| Title | Risk of fatality and causes of death of Thoroughbred horses associated with racing in Victoria, Australia: 1989-2004 | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2006 | Publication | Equine Veterinary Journal | Abbreviated Journal | Equine Vet J |
| Volume | 38 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 312-318 |
| Keywords | Animals; Athletic Injuries/epidemiology/mortality/*veterinary; *Cause of Death; Female; *Floors and Floorcoverings; Horses/*injuries; Male; Physical Conditioning, Animal/*adverse effects; Risk Factors; Running/injuries; Safety; Sports; Victoria | ||||
| Abstract | REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Determining the risk of fatality of Thoroughbred horses while racing is essential to assess the impact of intervention measures designed to minimise such fatalities. OBJECTIVES: To measure the risk of racehorse fatality in jump and flat starts on racecourses in Victoria, Australia, over a 15 year period and to determine proportional mortality rates for specific causes of death. METHODS: All fatalities of Thoroughbred horses that occurred during or within 24 h of a race were identified from a database. The risk of a start resulting in a racehorse fatality in all races and within flat and jump races, proportional mortality rates, population attributable risk, population attributable fraction and risk ratios were calculated along with 95% confidence intervals. Poisson regression was also performed to estimate risk ratios. RESULTS: There were 514 fatalities over the 15 year period; 316 in flat races and 198 in jump races. The risk of fatality was 0.44 per 1000 flat starts and 8.3 per 1000 jump starts (18.9 x greater). The risk of fatality on city tracks was 1.1 per 1000 starts whereas on country tracks it was 0.57 per 1000 starts. Of the 316 fatalities in flat races, 73.4% were due to limb injury, 2.5% to cranial or vertebral injury and 19.0% were sudden deaths. Of the 198 fatalities in jump races, 68.7% were due to limb injury, 16.2% to cranial or vertebral injury and 3.5% were sudden deaths. The risk of fatality in flat starts increased between 1989 and 2004 but the risk in jump starts remained unchanged over the 15 year period. CONCLUSIONS: The risk of fatality in flat starts was lower in Victoria than North America and the UK but the risk in jump starts was greater. Catastrophic limb injury was the major reason for racehorse fatality in Victoria but there was a larger percentage of sudden deaths than has been reported overseas. The risk of fatality in jump starts remained constant over the study period despite jump racing reviews that recommended changes to hurdle and steeple races to improve safety. POTENTIAL RELEVANCE: This study provides important benchmarks for the racing industry to monitor racetrack fatalities and evaluate intervention strategies. | ||||
| Address | Department of Veterinary Science, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, Victoria, Australia | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | 0425-1644 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:16866197 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 3761 | ||
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| Author |
Bond III, E.U.; Walker, B.A.; Hutt, M.D.; Reingen, P.H. | ||||
| Title | Reputational Effectiveness in Cross-Functional Working Relationships | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2004 | Publication | Journal of Product Innovation Management | Abbreviated Journal | ‎J. Prod. Innov. Manag. |
| Volume | 21 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 44-60 |
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| Abstract | The work of innovation management involves cross-functional coordination among specialists and managers with different work orientations, time horizons, professional backgrounds, and values (Ford and Randolph, 1992). While strong connections across functions are critical for new product development success (Green et al., 2000), some managers may be more adept at fostering effective cross-functional relationships than others. In this article, the authors empirically examine the factors that distinguish reputationally effective innovation workers from their less effective peers. Drawing on the work of Tsui (1984, 1994), reputational effectiveness is defined as the degree to which a manager has been responsive to the needs and expectations of constituents. This research examines the relational skills and interaction patterns of more (versus less) reputationally effective managers. A large business unit of a Fortune 500 telecommunications firm provided the context for our study. Using a two-phase approach, the authors first captured the social network patterns of 268 managers from marketing, research and development (R&D), manufacturing, and other business functions that were involved in the new product development process. In addition, the reputational effectiveness of each person who was identified as a member of the network was measured. In the second phase, the authors examined the relational competencies (e.g., role-taking ability, interpersonal control, openness) of the managers who participated in Phase I of the research. As predicted, the results indicate that role-taking ability is related positively to a manager's reputational effectiveness. No support, however, was found for the relationship between interpersonal control and reputational effectiveness. Interestingly, the authors found evidence of an inverse relationship between openness and effectiveness. By sharing too much information?or alternatively information that does not relate to the task at hand?the reputational effectiveness of a manager is damaged. Importantly, the results reveal that the social network characteristics of a reputationally effective manager differ from those of less effective managers. Closeness centrality, a measure of the degree of access one has to other organizational members, was associated strongly with reputational effectiveness. The results demonstrate that managers who are successful in working across functions appreciate the cognitive and emotional perspectives of diverse constituents and develop relationship ties that provide them with ready access to others across the organization. | ||||
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| Publisher | John Wiley & Sons, Ltd (10.1111) | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
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| ISSN | 0737-6782 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | doi: 10.1111/j.0737-6782.2004.00053.x | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6540 | ||
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| Author |
Bonin, S.J.; Clayton, H.M.; Lanovaz, J.L.; Johnston, T. | ||||
| Title | Comparison of mandibular motion in horses chewing hay and pellets | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2007 | Publication | Equine Veterinary Journal | Abbreviated Journal | Equine Vet. J. |
| Volume | 39 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 258-262 |
| Keywords | horse; temporomandibular joint; mastication; kinematics | ||||
| Abstract | Summary Reasons for performing study: Previous studies have suggested that temporomandibular joint (TMJ) kinematics depend on the type of food being masticated, but accurate measurements of TMJ motion in horses chewing different feeds have not been published. Hypothesis: The temporomandibular joint has a larger range of motion when horses chew hay compared to pellets. Methods: An optical motion capture system was used to track skin markers on the skull and mandible of 7 horses as they chewed hay and pellets. A virtual marker was created on the midline between the mandibles at the level of the 4th premolar teeth to represent the overall motion of the mandible relative to the skull during the chewing cycle. Results: Frequency of the chewing cycles was lower for hay than for pellets. Excursions of the virtual mandibular marker were significantly larger in all 3 directions when chewing hay compared to pellets. The mean velocity of the virtual mandibular marker during the chewing cycle was the same when chewing the 2 feeds. Conclusions: The range of mediolateral displacement of the mandible was sufficient to give full occlusal contact of the upper and lower dental arcades when chewing hay but not when chewing pellets. Potential relevance: These findings support the suggestion that horses receiving a diet high in concentrate feeds may require more frequent dental prophylactic examinations and treatments to avoid the development of dental irregularities associated with smaller mandibular excursions during chewing. | ||||
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| Publisher | American Medical Association (AMA) | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
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| ISSN | 0425-1644 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | doi: 10.2746/042516407X157792 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6513 | ||
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| Author |
Bosch, O.J.; Nair, H.P.; Ahern, T.H.; Neumann, I.D.; Young, L.J. | ||||
| Title | The CRF System Mediates Increased Passive Stress-Coping Behavior Following the Loss of a Bonded Partner in a Monogamous Rodent | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2008 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | Neuropsychopharmacology | |
| Volume | 34 | Issue | 6 | Pages | 1406-1415 |
| Keywords | prairie vole; passive stress-coping; forced swim test; tail suspension test; elevated plus-maze; hypothalamo–pituitary–adrenal axis | ||||
| Abstract | Social relationships significantly influence physiology and behavior, including the hypothalamo–pituitary–adrenal axis, anxiety, and mental health. Disruption of social bonds through separation or death often results in profound grieving, depression, and physical illness. As the monogamous prairie vole forms enduring, selective pair bonds with the mating partner, they provide an animal model to study the physiological consequences of pair bonding and, thus, the loss of the bonded partner. Male prairie voles were paired with a novel female or male sibling. After 5 days, half of the males of each group were separated from the partner. Elevated plus-maze, forced swim, and tail suspension tests were used to assess anxiety-like and passive stress-coping behaviors indicative of depressive-like behavior. Following 4 days of separation from the female but not the male partner, experimental males displayed increased passive stress-coping. This effect was abolished by long-term intracerebroventricular infusion of a nonselective corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) receptor antagonist without disrupting the bond itself. Both CRF type 1 and 2 receptors were involved in the emergence of passive stress-coping behavior. Furthermore, pairing with a female was associated with elevated CRF mRNA in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, and partner loss elicited a pronounced increase in circulating corticosteroid and adrenal weight. We speculate that the CRF system may mediate an aversive affect following separation from the female partner, which may facilitate proximity seeking between the pair-bonded individuals. Hence, the prairie vole model may provide insights into brain mechanisms involved in the psychopathological consequences of partner loss. |
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| Publisher | American College of Neuropsychopharmacology | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
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| ISSN | 0893-133x | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5731 | ||
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