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Author | Bergmüller, R.; Taborsky, M. | ||||
Title | Animal personality due to social niche specialisation | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2010 | Publication | Trends in Ecology & Evolution | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 25 | Issue | 9 | Pages | 504-511 |
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Abstract | The existence of 'animal personality', i.e. consistent individual differences in behaviour across time and contexts, is an evolutionary puzzle that has recently generated considerable research interest. Although social factors are generally considered to be important, it is as yet unclear how they might select for personality. Drawing from ecological niche theory, we explore how social conflict and alternative social options can be key factors in the evolution and development of consistent individual differences in behaviour. We discuss how animal personality research might benefit from insights into the study of alternative tactics and illustrate how selection can favour behavioural diversification and consistency due to fitness benefits resulting from conflict reduction among social partners. | ||||
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ISSN | 0169-5347 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6646 | ||
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Author | Bernauer, K.; Kollross, H.; Schuetz, A.; Farmer, K.; Krueger, K. | ||||
Title | How do horses (Equus caballus) learn from observing human action? | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2020 | Publication | Animal Cognition | Abbreviated Journal | Anim. Cogn. |
Volume | 23 | Issue | Pages | 1-9 | |
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Abstract | A previous study demonstrated that horses can learn socially from observing humans, but could not draw any conclusions about the social learning mechanisms. Here we develop this by showing horses four different human action sequences as demonstrations of how to press a button to open a feed box. We tested 68 horses aged between 3 and 12 years. 63 horses passed the habituation phase and were assigned either to the group Hand Demo (N = 13) for which a kneeling person used a hand to press the button, Head Demo (N = 13) for which a kneeling person used the head, Mixed Demo (N = 12) for which a squatting person used both head and hand, Foot Demo (N = 12) in which a standing person used a foot, or No Demo (N = 13) in which horses did not receive a demonstration. 44 horses reached the learning criterion of opening the feeder twenty times consecutively, 40 of these were 75% of the Demo group horses and four horses were 31% of the No Demo group horses. Horses not reaching the learning criterion approached the human experimenters more often than those who did. Significantly more horses used their head to press the button no matter which demonstration they received. However, in the Foot Demo group four horses consistently preferred to use a hoof and two switched between hoof and head use. After the Mixed Demo the horses' actions were more diverse. The results indicate that only a few horses copy behaviours when learning socially from humans. A few may learn through observational conditioning, as some appeared to adapt to demonstrated actions in the course of reaching the learning criterion. Most horses learn socially through enhancement, using humans to learn where, and which aspect of a mechanism has to be manipulated, and by applying individual trial and error learning to reach their goal. | ||||
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ISSN | 1435-9456 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ Bernauer2019 | Serial | 6590 | ||
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Author | Birch, H.G. | ||||
Title | The relation of previous experience to insightful problem-solving | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1945 | Publication | Journal of Comparative Psychology | Abbreviated Journal | J Comp Psychol |
Volume | 38 | Issue | Pages | 367-383 | |
Keywords | Humans; *Problem Solving; *Psychology, Comparative; *PSYCHOLOGY/comparative | ||||
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Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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ISSN | 0021-9940 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | PMID:21010765 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6554 | ||
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Author | Blanco, J.C.; Yolanda, C. | ||||
Title | Surveying wolves without snow: a critical review of the methods used in Spain. Hystrix | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2012 | Publication | Ital J Mammal | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 23 | Issue | Pages | ||
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Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ Blanco2012 | Serial | 6460 | ||
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Author | Blatz, S.; Krüger,K.; Zanger, M. | ||||
Title | Der Hufmechanismus – was wir wirklich wissen! Eine historische und fachliche Auseinandersetzung mit der Biomechanik des Hufes | Type | Book Whole | ||
Year | 2018 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | Issue | Pages | |||
Keywords | Huf Hufmechanismus Pferd | ||||
Abstract | Der Hufmechanismus – wir alle glauben ihn zu kennen und zu wissen wie er funktioniert. Doch wussten Sie, dass nach über 250 Jahren der Forschung immer noch keine eindeutige Aussage dazu getroffen werden kann, wie der Hufmechanismus genau entsteht, vonstattengeht und wie er bei der Hufbearbeitung berücksichtigt werden muss? Die Ergebnisse von 50 Studien unterstützen die Elastizitätstheorie. Sie beschreibt einen individuellen Hufmechanismus, der von Pferd zu Pferd unterschiedlich und von mannigfaltigen Faktoren abhängig ist. Der Hufmechanismus zeigt sich als ebenso anpassungsfähig wie die Hufform selbst. Daher sollte bei der Hufbearbeitung und beim Beschlag mit Maß und Weitblick die optimale und individuelle Lösung für jedes Pferd gefunden werden. |
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Publisher | Xenophon Verlag e.K. | Place of Publication | Wald | Editor | |
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ISSN | ISBN | 978-3-95625-004-0 | Medium | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6404 | ||
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Author | Boersma, P.; Weenink, D. | ||||
Title | Praat: doing phonetics by computer | Type | Book Whole | ||
Year | 2009 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
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Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ Boersma2009 | Serial | 6496 | ||
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Author | Boissy, A. | ||||
Title | Fear and Fearfulness in Animals | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1995 | Publication | The Quarterly Review of Biology | Abbreviated Journal | The Quarterly Review of Biology |
Volume | 70 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 165-191 |
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Abstract | Persistence of individual differences in animal behavior in reactions to various environmental challenges could reflect basic divergences in temperament, which might be used to predict details of adaptive response. Although studies have been carried out on fear and anxiety in various species, including laboratory, domestic and wild animals, no consistent definition of fearfulness as a basic trait of temperament has emerged. After a classification of the events that may produce a state of fear, this article describes the great variability in behavior and in physiological patterns generally associated with emotional reactivity. The difficulties of proposing fearfulness-the general capacity to react to a variety of potentially threatening situations-as a valid basic internal variable are then discussed. Although there are many studies showing covariation among the psychobiological responses to different environmental challenges, other studies find no such correlations and raise doubts about the interpretation of fearfulness as a basic personality trait. After a critical assessment of methodologies used in fear and anxiety studies, it is suggested that discrepancies among results are mainly due to the modulation of emotional responses in animals, which depend on numerous genetic and epigenetic factors. It is difficult to compare results obtained by different methods from animals reared under various conditions and with different genetic origins. The concept of fearfulness as an inner trait is best supported by two kinds of investigations. First, an experimental approach combining ethology and experimental psychology produces undeniable indicators of emotional reactivity. Second, genetic lines selected for psychobiological traits prove useful in establishing between behavioral and neuroendocrine aspects of emotional reactivity. It is suggested that fearfulness could be considered a basic feature of the temperament of each individual, one that predisposes it to respond similarly to a variety of potentially alarming challenges, but is nevertheless continually modulated during development by the interaction of genetic traits of reactivity with environmental factors, particularly in the juvenile period. Such interaction may explain much of the interindividual variability observed in adaptive responses. | ||||
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Publisher | The University of Chicago Press | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
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ISSN | 0033-5770 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | doi: 10.1086/418981 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6664 | ||
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Author | Boitani, L. | ||||
Title | Patterns of homesites attendance in two Minnesota wolf packs | Type | Book Chapter | ||
Year | 1982 | Publication | Wolves of the World: Perspectives of Behavior, Ecology and Conservation | Abbreviated Journal | |
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Publisher | Noyes, Park Ridge | Place of Publication | New York | Editor | Harrington, F.H.; Paquet, P.C. |
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Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ Boitani1982 | Serial | 6474 | ||
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Author | Bond III, E.U.; Walker, B.A.; Hutt, M.D.; Reingen, P.H. | ||||
Title | Reputational Effectiveness in Cross-Functional Working Relationships | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2004 | Publication | Journal of Product Innovation Management | Abbreviated Journal | ‎J. Prod. Innov. Manag. |
Volume | 21 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 44-60 |
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Abstract | The work of innovation management involves cross-functional coordination among specialists and managers with different work orientations, time horizons, professional backgrounds, and values (Ford and Randolph, 1992). While strong connections across functions are critical for new product development success (Green et al., 2000), some managers may be more adept at fostering effective cross-functional relationships than others. In this article, the authors empirically examine the factors that distinguish reputationally effective innovation workers from their less effective peers. Drawing on the work of Tsui (1984, 1994), reputational effectiveness is defined as the degree to which a manager has been responsive to the needs and expectations of constituents. This research examines the relational skills and interaction patterns of more (versus less) reputationally effective managers. A large business unit of a Fortune 500 telecommunications firm provided the context for our study. Using a two-phase approach, the authors first captured the social network patterns of 268 managers from marketing, research and development (R&D), manufacturing, and other business functions that were involved in the new product development process. In addition, the reputational effectiveness of each person who was identified as a member of the network was measured. In the second phase, the authors examined the relational competencies (e.g., role-taking ability, interpersonal control, openness) of the managers who participated in Phase I of the research. As predicted, the results indicate that role-taking ability is related positively to a manager's reputational effectiveness. No support, however, was found for the relationship between interpersonal control and reputational effectiveness. Interestingly, the authors found evidence of an inverse relationship between openness and effectiveness. By sharing too much information?or alternatively information that does not relate to the task at hand?the reputational effectiveness of a manager is damaged. Importantly, the results reveal that the social network characteristics of a reputationally effective manager differ from those of less effective managers. Closeness centrality, a measure of the degree of access one has to other organizational members, was associated strongly with reputational effectiveness. The results demonstrate that managers who are successful in working across functions appreciate the cognitive and emotional perspectives of diverse constituents and develop relationship ties that provide them with ready access to others across the organization. | ||||
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Publisher | John Wiley & Sons, Ltd (10.1111) | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
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Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 0737-6782 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | doi: 10.1111/j.0737-6782.2004.00053.x | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6540 | ||
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Author | Bonin, S.J.; Clayton, H.M.; Lanovaz, J.L.; Johnston, T. | ||||
Title | Comparison of mandibular motion in horses chewing hay and pellets | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2007 | Publication | Equine Veterinary Journal | Abbreviated Journal | Equine Vet. J. |
Volume | 39 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 258-262 |
Keywords | horse; temporomandibular joint; mastication; kinematics | ||||
Abstract | Summary Reasons for performing study: Previous studies have suggested that temporomandibular joint (TMJ) kinematics depend on the type of food being masticated, but accurate measurements of TMJ motion in horses chewing different feeds have not been published. Hypothesis: The temporomandibular joint has a larger range of motion when horses chew hay compared to pellets. Methods: An optical motion capture system was used to track skin markers on the skull and mandible of 7 horses as they chewed hay and pellets. A virtual marker was created on the midline between the mandibles at the level of the 4th premolar teeth to represent the overall motion of the mandible relative to the skull during the chewing cycle. Results: Frequency of the chewing cycles was lower for hay than for pellets. Excursions of the virtual mandibular marker were significantly larger in all 3 directions when chewing hay compared to pellets. The mean velocity of the virtual mandibular marker during the chewing cycle was the same when chewing the 2 feeds. Conclusions: The range of mediolateral displacement of the mandible was sufficient to give full occlusal contact of the upper and lower dental arcades when chewing hay but not when chewing pellets. Potential relevance: These findings support the suggestion that horses receiving a diet high in concentrate feeds may require more frequent dental prophylactic examinations and treatments to avoid the development of dental irregularities associated with smaller mandibular excursions during chewing. | ||||
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Publisher | American Medical Association (AMA) | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
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ISSN | 0425-1644 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | doi: 10.2746/042516407X157792 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6513 | ||
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