Records |
Author |
Enileeva, N.K. |
Title |
[Ecological characteristics of horse stomach botflies in Uzbekistan] |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1987 |
Publication |
Parazitologiia |
Abbreviated Journal |
Parazitologiia |
Volume |
21 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
577-579 |
Keywords |
Animals; Diptera/*physiology; Ecology; Female; Flight, Animal; Horses/*parasitology; Larva/physiology; Male; Population Dynamics; Uzbekistan |
Abstract |
The paper describes the flight periods and dynamics of abundance of horse botflies, life span of females and males, effect of environmental factors on the activity of flies and their behaviour, potential fecundity of different species of botflies, duration of embryonal development, preservation of viability of larvae in egg membranes, localization of different stages of botflies in the host, and methods of their control. |
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Language |
Russian |
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Original Title |
Ekologicheskie osobennosti zheludochnykh ovodov loshadei v Uzbekistane |
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0031-1847 |
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Notes |
PMID:2958767 |
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no |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2680 |
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Author |
Feh, C.; Munkhtuya, B.; Enkhbold, S.; Sukhbaatar, T. |
Title |
Ecology and social structure of the Gobi khulan Equus hemionus subsp. in the Gobi B National Park, Mongolia |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2001 |
Publication |
Biological Conservation |
Abbreviated Journal |
Biol. Conserva. |
Volume |
101 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
51-61 |
Keywords |
Equus hemionus; Ecology and social structure; Gobi National Park; Mongolia |
Abstract |
The status of the Gobi khulan Equus hemionus subsp. is recorded as “insufficiently known” in the Species Survival Commission's Equid Action Plan. Recent counts confirm that Mongolia holds the most important population of the whole species. Since 1953, the animals have benefited from a protected status, but this is now challenged. A 5-year study in the B part of the Gobi National Park on one subpopulation showed that it has remained stable over the past 15 years with an adequate mean reproductive rate of 15% and a 50% survival rate over the first year. Age/sex related mortality and prey analysis indicate that wolf predation probably has some impact on the population, in particular for 4-6-year-olds of both sexes at the start of reproduction. Desert and mountain steppes are the khulan's year-round preferred habitat, but `oases', play an important role at the beginning of lactation. Anthropogenic factors affect both home range and habitat use through direct intervention or permanent occupation of the scarce water sources. Khulans of this subpopulation, unlike other Asian and African wild asses, form year-round stable, non-territorial families. These families and all-male groups join together into “bands” in winter, and herds of several hundred animals, where reproductive rate is highest, form throughout the year. The existence of such herds may thus be critical for the breeding success of the population. Our study provides the first detailed quantitative data for this subspecies, which will help to monitor changes in the future. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2289 |
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Author |
Goncalves, T.C.; Rocha, D.S.; Cunha, R.A. |
Title |
Feeding patterns of Triatoma vitticeps in the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2000 |
Publication |
Revista de Saude Publica |
Abbreviated Journal |
Rev Saude Publica |
Volume |
34 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
348-352 |
Keywords |
Animals; Brazil; Cattle; Chagas Disease/transmission; Dogs; Ecology; Feeding Behavior/physiology; Female; Food Habits/physiology; Humans; Insect Vectors/*physiology; Male; Triatoma/*physiology; *Trypanosoma cruzi/isolation & purification |
Abstract |
OBJECTIVE: Feeding patterns of triatomines have contributed to elucidate its biology. Triatoma vitticeps, naturally infected with T. cruzi, has been found in domiciles. Its behavior and epidemiological patterns were investigated. METHODS: One-hundred and twenty two specimens of T. vitticeps were captured from February 1989 to April 1993 in two areas of Triunfo municipality, a subdistrict of Santa Maria Madalena municipal district, State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The insects were dissected and their intestinal contents were removed and tested. It was used antisera from: man, cow, horse, dog, pig, armadillo, opossum, rodent, and bird. RESULTS: From the total analyzed, 79 were positive and 43 were negative to the nine antisera tested: armadillo (30.3%) > human and pig (13.1%) > bird and dog (11.5%) > horse (5.7%) > opossum (4.9%) > rodent (4. 1%) > cow (3.3%). Blood meals ranged from 0 to 4 and 6 in the following distribution: 0 = 25.41%; 1 = 45.08%; 2 = 10.66%; 3 = 6. 56%; 4 = 1.64%, and 6 = 0.82%. Nine of the 122 insects captured were not examined, 74 (65.54%) were positive for T. cruzi infection and 39 (34.51%) were negative. CONCLUSIONS: These results identified the T. vitticeps as being a sylvatic species and trypanosomiasis as being an enzootic disease. Epidemiological vigilance will be important to provide more information regarding the behavior of the species |
Address |
Departamento de Entomologia, Instituto swaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil. tcmonte@gene.dbbm.fiocruz.br |
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English |
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0034-8910 |
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Notes |
PMID:10973153 |
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no |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2650 |
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Author |
Grafner, G.; Zimmermann, H.; Karge, E.; Munch, J.; Ribbeck, R.; Hiepe, T. |
Title |
[Incidence and damages inflicted by simuliid flies in the GDR district of Schwerin] |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1976 |
Publication |
Angewandte Parasitologie |
Abbreviated Journal |
Angew Parasitol |
Volume |
17 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
2-6 |
Keywords |
Animals; Cattle; Cattle Diseases/*parasitology; Climate; *Diptera/growth & development; Ecology; Ectoparasitic Infestations/*veterinary; Germany, East; Horse Diseases/*parasitology; Horses; Swine; Swine Diseases/*parasitology |
Abstract |
Systematic faunal studies in the district Schwerin showed at the present time there are 3 more or less damage-biotopes existing in the districts of Perleberg, Ludwigslust and Parchim; 5 river sources can be considered as potential sources, 5 are temporary and 2 are ephemeral whilst in 3 further areas environmental influences such as effluent impairs the flow of the river and the developmental stages of Simuliidae were not observed.--The following species were found: Boophthora erythrocephala, Wilhelmia salopiensis, Wilhelmia equina, Odagmia ornata, Eusimulium aureum and Eusimulium lundstroemi.--The damage statistics covering the period 1966--1971 showed in the district of Schwerin, due to Simuliid attacks, 38 cattle died, 170 were seriously ill; in 1967 5 horses were seriously ill; in 1971, 3 pigs died and 27 were seriously ill.--The symptoms were manifested by pathological petechiae, scabs and oedema, also by insufficiency of the heart and circulatory system, diminished performance and growth disturbance. In severe cases heart and circulation failure occurred, paresis, coma and death followed.--The real economic significance of the Simuliid attacks rest with its strong and prolonged distrubance in young animals, as well as in pronounced irreparable diminished performance in diseased dairy cattle. |
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German |
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Original Title |
Vorkommen und Schadwirkung von Kriebelmucken im DDR-Bezirk Schwerin |
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ISSN |
0003-3162 |
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Notes |
PMID:1267220 |
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no |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2699 |
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Author |
Griffin, A.S. |
Title |
Socially acquired predator avoidance: Is it just classical conditioning? |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2008 |
Publication |
Brain Research Bulletin |
Abbreviated Journal |
Special Issue:Brain Mechanisms, Cognition and Behaviour in Birds |
Volume |
76 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
264-271 |
Keywords |
Learning; Classical (Pavlovian) conditioning; Social learning; Ecological specialization; General process theory; Ecology; Predation; Backward conditioning |
Abstract |
Associative learning theories presume the existence of a general purpose learning process, the structure of which does not mirror the demands of any particular learning problem. In contrast, learning scientists working within an Evolutionary Biology tradition believe that learning processes have been shaped by ecological demands. One potential means of exploring how ecology may have modified properties of acquisition is to use associative learning theory as a framework within which to analyse a particular learning phenomenon. Recent work has used this approach to examine whether socially transmitted predator avoidance can be conceptualised as a classical conditioning process in which a novel predator stimulus acts as a conditioned stimulus (CS) and acquires control over an avoidance response after it has become associated with alarm signals of social companions, the unconditioned stimulus (US). I review here a series of studies examining the effect of CS/US presentation timing on the likelihood of acquisition. Results suggest that socially acquired predator avoidance may be less sensitive to forward relationships than traditional classical conditioning paradigms. I make the case that socially acquired predator avoidance is an exciting novel one-trial learning paradigm that could be studied along side fear conditioning. Comparisons between social and non-social learning of danger at both the behavioural and neural level may yield a better understanding of how ecology might shape properties and mechanisms of learning. |
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0361-9230 |
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no |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4697 |
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Author |
Hanson, R.P.; Trainer, D.O. |
Title |
Significance of changing ecology on the epidemiology of arboviruses in the United States |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1969 |
Publication |
Proceedings, Annual Meeting of the United States Animal Health Association |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc Annu Meet U S Anim Health Assoc |
Volume |
73 |
Issue |
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Pages |
291-294 |
Keywords |
Animals; Arthropod Vectors; Disease Reservoirs; *Ecology; *Encephalitis, Arbovirus; *Horse Diseases; Horses; Humans; United States |
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0082-8750 |
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PMID:5278181 |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2742 |
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Author |
Hazem, A.S. |
Title |
[Collective review: Salmonella paratyphi in animals and in the environment] |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1978 |
Publication |
DTW. Deutsche Tierarztliche Wochenschrift |
Abbreviated Journal |
Dtsch Tierarztl Wochenschr |
Volume |
85 |
Issue |
7 |
Pages |
296-303 |
Keywords |
Animals; Animals, Domestic; Animals, Wild; Bird Diseases/epidemiology; Brachyura; Cat Diseases/epidemiology; Cats; Cattle; Cattle Diseases/epidemiology; Dog Diseases/epidemiology; Dogs; Ecology; Environment; Fish Diseases/epidemiology; Germany, West; Horse Diseases/epidemiology; Horses; Mollusca; Poultry Diseases/epidemiology; Salmonella Infections, Animal/*epidemiology; *Salmonella paratyphi A; Sheep; Sheep Diseases/epidemiology; Snails; Swine; Swine Diseases/epidemiology |
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German |
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Sammelreferat: Salmonella paratyphi bei Tieren und in der Umwelt |
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0341-6593 |
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PMID:352661 |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2698 |
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Author |
Healy,S.; Braithwaite, V |
Title |
Cognitive ecology: a field of substance? |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2000 |
Publication |
Trends in Ecology & Evolution |
Abbreviated Journal |
Trends. Ecol. Evol |
Volume |
15 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
22-26 |
Keywords |
Cognitive ecology; Neuroethology; Cognition; Ecology; Evolution; Orientation mechanisms |
Abstract |
In 1993, Les Real invented the label 'cognitive ecology'. This label was intended for work that brought cognitive science and behavioural ecology together. Real's article stressed the importance of such an approach to the understanding of behaviour. At the end of a decade in which more interdisciplinary work on behaviour has been seen than for many years, it is time to assess whether cognitive ecology is a label describing an active field. |
Address |
Division of Biological Sciences, King's Buildings, University of Edinburgh, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, UK EH9 3JT |
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0169-5347 |
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PMID:10603501 |
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no |
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refbase @ user @ |
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837 |
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Author |
Healy, S.D.; Jones, C.M. |
Title |
Animal learning and memory: an integration of cognition and ecology |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Zoology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Zoology |
Volume |
105 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
321-327 |
Keywords |
cognitive ecology; spatial learning and memory; adaptive specialisation |
Abstract |
Summary A wonderfully lucid framework for the ways to understand animal behaviour is that represented by the four [`]whys' proposed by Tinbergen (1963). For much of the past three decades, however, these four avenues have been pursued more or less in parallel. Functional questions, for example, have been addressed by behavioural ecologists, mechanistic questions by psychologists and ethologists, ontogenetic questions by developmental biologists and neuroscientists and phylogenetic questions by evolutionary biologists. More recently, the value of integration between these differing views has become apparent. In this brief review, we concentrate especially on current attempts to integrate mechanistic and functional approaches. Most of our understanding of learning and memory in animals comes from the psychological literature, which tends to use only rats or pigeons, and more occasionally primates, as subjects. The underlying psychological assumption is of general processes that are similar across species and contexts rather than a range of specific abilities. However, this does not seem to be entirely true as several learned behaviours have been described that are specific to particular species or contexts. The first conspicuous exception to the generalist assumption was the demonstration of long delay taste aversion learning in rats (Garcia et al., 1955), in which it was shown that a stimulus need not be temporally contiguous with a response for the animal to make an association between food and illness. Subsequently, a number of other examples, such as imprinting and song learning in birds (e.g., Bolhuis and Honey, 1998; Catchpole and Slater, 1995; Horn, 1998), have been thoroughly researched. Even in these cases, however, it has been typical for only a few species to be studied (domestic chicks provide the [`]model' imprinting species and canaries and zebra finches the song learning [`]models'). As a result, a great deal is understood about the neural underpinnings and development of the behaviour, but substantially less is understood about interspecific variation and whether variation in behaviour is correlated with variation in neural processing (see review by Tramontin and Brenowitz, 2000 but see ten Cate and Vos, 1999). |
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0944-2006 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4741 |
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Author |
Henson, S.M.; Dennis, B.; Hayward, J.L.; Cushing, J.M.; Galusha, J.G. |
Title |
Predicting the dynamics of animal behaviour in field populations |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2007 |
Publication |
Animal Behaviour. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Behav. |
Volume |
74 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
103-110 |
Keywords |
colony occupancy; differential equation; dynamic modelling; glaucous-winged gull; habitat ecology; Larus glaucescens; mathematical modelling; sleep; territory attendance |
Abstract |
Many species show considerable variation in behaviour among individuals. We show that some behaviours are largely deterministic and predictable with mathematical models. We propose a general differential equation model of behaviour in field populations and use the methodology to explain and predict the dynamics of sleep and colony attendance in seabirds as a function of environmental factors. Our model explained over half the variability in the data to which it was fitted, and it predicted the dynamics of an independent data set. Differential equation models may provide new approaches to the study of behaviour in animals and humans. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4206 |
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