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Horner, V.; Whiten, A. |
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Title |
Learning from others' mistakes limits on understanding a trap-tube task by young chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and children (Homo sapiens) |
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2007 |
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Journal of comparative psychology |
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J Comp Psychol |
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121 |
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1 |
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12-21 |
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A trap-tube task was used to determine whether chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and children (Homo sapiens) who observed a model's errors and successes could master the task in fewer trials than those who saw only successes. Two- to 7-year-old chimpanzees and 3- to 4-year-old children did not benefit from observing errors and found the task difficult. Two of the 6 chimpanzees developed a successful anticipatory strategy but showed no evidence of representing the core causal relations involved in trapping. Three- to 4-year-old children showed a similar limitation and tended to copy the actions of the demonstrator, irrespective of their causal relevance. Five- to 6-year-old children were able to master the task but did not appear to be influenced by social learning or benefit from observing errors. |
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Centre for Social Learning and Cognitive Evolution, School of Psychology, University of St Andrews, Fife, Scotland, UK. vhorner@rmy.emory.edu |
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Washington, D.C. : 1983 |
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English |
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0735-7036 |
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PMID:17324071 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
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728 |
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Author |
Hostetter, A.B.; Cantero, M.; Hopkins, W.D. |
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Title |
Differential use of vocal and gestural communication by chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) in response to the attentional status of a human (Homo sapiens) |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2001 |
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Journal of Comparative Psychology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Comp. Psychol. |
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115 |
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4 |
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337-343 |
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Animals; *Attention; *Communication Methods, Total; Female; *Gestures; Humans; Male; Motivation; Pan troglodytes/*psychology; Social Environment; Species Specificity; *Vocalization, Animal |
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This study examined the communicative behavior of 49 captive chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), particularly their use of vocalizations, manual gestures, and other auditory- or tactile-based behaviors as a means of gaining an inattentive audience's attention. A human (Homo sapiens) experimenter held a banana while oriented either toward or away from the chimpanzee. The chimpanzees' behavior was recorded for 60 s. Chimpanzees emitted vocalizations faster and were more likely to produce vocalizations as their 1st communicative behavior when a human was oriented away from them. Chimpanzees used manual gestures more frequently and faster when the human was oriented toward them. These results replicate the findings of earlier studies on chimpanzee gestural communication and provide new information about the intentional and functional use of their vocalizations. |
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Department of Psychology, Berry College, USA |
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0735-7036 |
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PMID:11824896 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4970 |
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Author |
Houpt, K.; Marrow, M.; Seeliger, M. |
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Title |
A preliminary study of the effect of music on equine behavior |
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Year |
2000 |
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Journal of Equine Veterinary Science |
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20 |
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11 |
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691-737 |
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0737-0806 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6633 |
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Author |
Houpt, K.A. |
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Title |
Equine behavior problems in relation to humane management |
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Year |
1981 |
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Int. J. Stud. Anim Prob. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Int. J. Stud. Anim. Prob. |
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2 |
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6 |
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329-337 |
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Cited By (since 1996): 7; Export Date: 21 October 2008 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4521 |
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Author |
Hunt, G.R.; Gray R.D.; Taylor, A.H. |
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Title |
Why is tool use rare in animals? |
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2013 |
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Tool Use in Animals: Cognition and Ecology |
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Cambridge University Press |
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Cambridge, MA. |
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anz C, Call J, Boesch C |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6658 |
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Author |
Huron, D. |
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Title |
Voice Denumerability of Homogeneous Timbres |
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2010 |
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Music Percept Interdiscip J |
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6 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Huron2010 |
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6472 |
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Author |
Hölker, S. |
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Title |
Typologie der deutschen Pferdehaltung – Eine empirische Studie mittels Two-Step-Clusteranalyse |
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Journal Article |
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2016 |
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Zeitschrift für Agrarpolitik und Landwirtschaft |
Abbreviated Journal |
Z. Agrarpolit. Landwirtsch. |
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94 |
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3 |
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In der deutschen Pferdebranche besteht u. a. hinsichtlich der Ausrichtung, Lage, Größe und ökonomischen Zielsetzung von Pferdehaltern eine große Heterogenität, gleichzeitig sind die Strukturen in diesem Sektor bislang kaum wissenschaftlich erfasst. Aus diesem Grund wird im vorliegenden Beitrag die Vielzahl unterschiedlicher Erscheinungsformen in der Pferdehaltung mittels einer empirisch gestützten Typologie systematisch beschrieben. Mittels einer standardisierten Onlinebefragung wurden 1.110 private, landwirtschaftliche und gewerbliche Pferdehalter sowie pferdehaltende Vereine befragt. Abgefragt wurden neben der Organisationsform, Bestandsgröße und der Ausrichtung auch Aspekte wie u. a. die Ausstattung der Anlage, die angewandten Haltungssysteme für die Pferde sowie Angaben zur zukünftige Entwicklung und den wahrgenommenen aktuellen sowie zukünftigen Herausforderungen in der Pferdehaltung. Mittels einer Clusteranalyse konnten sechs Typen herausgearbeitet werden: ländliche Hobbypferdehaltung, stadtorientierte Hobbypferdehaltung, Hobby-Zuchtpferdehaltung, Zuchtpferdehaltung, Pensionspferdehaltung und diversifizierte Pferdehaltung. Dabei sind die drei erstgenannten Typen der Liebhaberei zuzuordnen und die drei letztgenannten Typen werden mit Gewinnerzielungsabsicht betrieben. Die ermittelten Typen unterscheiden sich teilweise signifikant u. a. hinsichtlich ihrer Größe, den angewandten Haltungssystemen, der Anzahl an Betriebszweigen oder auch ihren zukünftig geplanten Entwicklungen. Die vorliegende Studie zeigt somit, dass beispielsweise bei der Entwicklung politischer Maßnahmen im Bereich der Pferdehaltung die Auswirkungen für einzelne Pferdehalter sehr unterschiedlich ausfallen können und es daher notwendig ist, die unterschiedlichen, real existierenden Betriebstypen zu berücksichtigen. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6600 |
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Author |
Iliopoulos, Y.; Sgardelis, S.; Koutis, V.; Savaris, D. |
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Title |
Wolf depredation on livestock in central Greece |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2009 |
Publication |
Mammal Research |
Abbreviated Journal |
Mamm. Reas. |
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54 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
11-22 |
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Abstract |
We studied wolfCanis lupus Linnaeus, 1758 -- livestock conflict in central Greece by investigating patterns of 267 verified wolf attacks on livestock for 21 months. Wolves attacked adult goats 43% and cattle 218% more than expected, whereas sheep 41% less than expected from their availability. Wolves killed less than four sheep or goats in 79%, and one cow or calf in 74% of depredation events, respectively. We recorded higher attack rates during wolf post-weaning season. Wolf attacks on strayed, or kept inside non predator-proof enclosures, sheep and goats, were on average two to four times respectively more destructive than those when livestock was guarded by a shepherd. Sheepdog use reduced losses per attack. Optimal sheepdog number ranged from 3 to 9 animals depending on flock size. Losses per attack were positively related to the number of wolves involved. Total losses per farm were positively correlated with the size of livestock unit but percentage losses per capita increased with decreasing flock size. Management implications to mitigate livestock depredation are discussed. |
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2199-241x |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Iliopoulos2009 |
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6576 |
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Author |
Iliopoulos, Y.; Youlatos, D.; Sgardelis, S. |
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Title |
Wolf pack rendezvous site selection in Greece is mainly affected by anthropogenic landscape features |
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2013 |
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Eur J Wildl Res |
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60 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Iliopoulos2013 |
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6478 |
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Author |
Imbert, C.; Caniglia, R.; Fabbri, E.; Milanesi, P.; Randi, E.; Serafini, M.; Torretta, E.; Meriggi, A. |
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Why do wolves eat livestock?: Factors influencing wolf diet in northern Italy |
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2016 |
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Biological Conservation |
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195 |
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156-168 |
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Scat analysis; Feeding ecology; Prey selection; Wolf-human conflicts |
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Thanks to protection by law and increasing habitat restoration, wolves (Canis lupus) are currently re-colonizing Europe from the surviving populations of Russia, the Balkan countries, Spain and Italy, raising the need to update conservation strategies. A major conservation issue is to restore connections and gene flow among fragmented populations, thus contrasting the deleterious consequences of isolation. Wolves in Italy are expanding from the Apennines towards the Alps, crossing the Ligurian Mountains (northern Italy) and establishing connections with the Dinaric populations. Wolf expansion is threatened by poaching and incidental killings, mainly due to livestock depredations and conflicts with shepherds, which could limit the establishment of stable populations. Aiming to find out the factors affecting the use of livestock by wolves, in this study we determined the composition of wolf diet in Liguria. We examined 1457 scats collected from 2008 to 2013. Individual scats were genotyped using a non-invasive genetic procedure, and their content was determined using microscopical analyses. Wolves in Liguria consumed mainly wild ungulates (64.4%; in particular wild boar Sus scrofa and roe deer Capreolus capreolus) and, to a lesser extent, livestock (26.3%; in particular goats Capra hircus). We modeled the consumption of livestock using environmental features, wild ungulate community diversity, husbandry characteristics and wolf social organization (stable packs or dispersing individuals). Wolf diet varied according to years and seasons with an overall decrease of livestock and an increase of wild ungulate consumption, but also between packs and dispersing individuals with greater livestock consumption for the latter. The presence of stable packs, instead of dispersing wolves, the adoption of prevention measures on pastures, roe deer abundance, and the percentage of deciduous woods, reduced predation on livestock. Thus, we suggest promoting wild ungulate expansion, the use of prevention tools in pastures, and supporting wolf pack establishment, avoiding lethal control and poaching, to mitigate conflicts between wolf conservation and husbandry. |
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0006-3207 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6621 |
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