| Records |
Author  |
Lane, J.G.; Mair, T.S. |
| Title |
Observations on headshaking in the horse |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1987 |
Publication |
Equine Veterinary Journal |
Abbreviated Journal |
Equine Vet J |
| Volume |
19 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
331-336 |
| Keywords |
Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Female; *Head; *Horses; Male; *Movement |
| Abstract |
The clinical records of 100 cases of headshaking in horses were reviewed. Possible causes of the abnormal behaviour were identified in 11 animals; these included ear mite infestation, otitis interna, cranial nerve dysfunction, cervical injury, ocular disease, guttural pouch mycosis, dental periapical osteitis and suspected vasomotor rhinitis. However, in only two of these could it be shown that correction of the abnormality led to elimination of the headshaking. The additional clinical signs exhibited by the other idiopathic cases of headshaking included evidence of nasal irritation, sneezing and snorting, nasal discharge, coughing and excessive lacrimation. Many of these horses also showed a marked seasonal pattern with respect to the onset of the disease and the recurrence of signs in subsequent years. The clinical presentation of idiopathic headshakers and the seasonal incidence of the signs closely resemble allergic rhinitis in man. |
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| Language |
English |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0425-1644 |
ISBN |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
PMID:3622462 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
1953 |
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| Author |
Lea, S.E.G.; Goto, K.; Osthaus, B.; Ryan, C.M.E. |
| Title |
The logic of the stimulus |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Animal Cognition |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Cogn. |
| Volume |
9 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
247-256 |
| Keywords |
Animals; Behavior, Animal/*physiology; Cognition/*physiology; Columbidae; Comprehension/physiology; Dogs; Humans; *Logic; Pattern Recognition, Visual/physiology; Perception/*physiology; Problem Solving/*physiology; Species Specificity |
| Abstract |
This paper examines the contribution of stimulus processing to animal logics. In the classic functionalist S-O-R view of learning (and cognition), stimuli provide the raw material to which the organism applies its cognitive processes-its logic, which may be taxon-specific. Stimuli may contribute to the logic of the organism's response, and may do so in taxon-specific ways. Firstly, any non-trivial stimulus has an internal organization that may constrain or bias the way that the organism addresses it; since stimuli can only be defined relative to the organism's perceptual apparatus, and this apparatus is taxon-specific, such constraints or biases will often be taxon-specific. Secondly, the representation of a stimulus that the perceptual system builds, and the analysis it makes of this representation, may provide a model for the synthesis and analysis done at a more cognitive level. Such a model is plausible for evolutionary reasons: perceptual analysis was probably perfected before cognitive analysis in the evolutionary history of the vertebrates. Like stimulus-driven analysis, such perceptually modelled cognition may be taxon-specific because of the taxon-specificity of the perceptual apparatus. However, it may also be the case that different taxa are able to free themselves from the stimulus logic, and therefore apply a more abstract logic, to different extents. This thesis is defended with reference to two examples of cases where animals' cognitive logic seems to be isomorphic with perceptual logic, specifically in the case of pigeons' attention to global and local information in visual stimuli, and dogs' failure to comprehend means-end relationships in string-pulling tasks. |
| Address |
School of Psychology, Washington Singer Laboratories, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QG, United Kingdom. s.e.g.lea@exeter.ac.uk |
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English |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
1435-9448 |
ISBN |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
PMID:16909234 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2450 |
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| Author |
Lee, C.M.; Ryan, J.J.; Kreiner, D.S. |
| Title |
Personality in domestic cats |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2007 |
Publication |
Psychological Reports |
Abbreviated Journal |
Psychol Rep |
| Volume |
100 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
27-29 |
| Keywords |
Animals; Animals, Domestic/*psychology; *Behavior, Animal; Cats/*psychology; Humans; *Personality |
| Abstract |
Personality ratings of 196 cats were made by their owners using a 5-point Likert scale anchored by 1: not at all and 5: a great deal with 12 items: timid, friendly, curious, sociable, obedient, clever, protective, active, independent, aggressive, bad-tempered, and emotional. A principal components analysis with varimax rotation identified three intepretable components. Component I had high loadings by active, clever, curious, and sociable. Component II had high loadings by emotional, friendly, and protective, Component III by aggressive and bad-tempered, and Component IV by timid. Sex was not associated with any component, but age showed a weak negative correlation with Component I. Older animals were rated less social and curious than younger animals. |
| Address |
Department of Psychology, 1111 Lovinger, Central Missouri State University, Warrensburg, MO 64093, USA |
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English |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0033-2941 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
PMID:17450998 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4103 |
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| Author |
Lemasson, J.J.; Fontenille, D.; Lochouarn, L.; Dia, I.; Simard, F.; Ba, K.; Diop, A.; Diatta, M.; Molez, J.F. |
| Title |
Comparison of behavior and vector efficiency of Anopheles gambiae and An. arabiensis (Diptera:Culicidae) in Barkedji, a Sahelian area of Senegal |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1997 |
Publication |
Journal of Medical Entomology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Med Entomol |
| Volume |
34 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
396-403 |
| Keywords |
Animals; Anopheles/*parasitology; *Behavior, Animal; Cattle; Desert Climate; Horses/parasitology; Humans; Insect Vectors/*parasitology; Longitudinal Studies; Malaria/*transmission; Malaria, Falciparum/transmission; Periodicity; Plasmodium malariae/isolation & purification; Protozoan Proteins/analysis; Rain; Seasons; Senegal; Sheep/parasitology; Species Specificity |
| Abstract |
The ecology, population dynamics, and malaria vector efficiency of Anopheles gambiae and An. arabiensis were studied for 2 yr in a Sahelian village of Senegal. Anophelines were captured at human bait and resting indoors by pyrethrum spray. Mosquitoes belonging to the An. gambiae complex were identified by polymerase chain reaction. Of 26,973 females, An. arabiensis represented 79% of the mosquitoes captured and remained in the study area longer than An. gambiae after the rains terminated. There were no differences in nocturnal biting cycles or endophagous rates between An. gambiae and An. arabiensis. Based on an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test of bloodmeals, the anthropophilic rate of these 2 vectors were both approximately 60%, when comparisons were made during the same period. Overall, 18% of the resting females had patent mixed bloodmeals, mainly human-bovine. The parity rates of An. gambiae and An. arabiensis varied temporally. Despite similar behavior, the Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein (CSP) rates were different between An. gambiae (4.1%) and An. arabiensis (1.3%). P. malariae and P. ovale only represented 4% of the total Plasmodium identified in mosquitoes. Transmission was seasonal, occurring mainly during 4 mo. The CSP entomological inoculation rates were 128 bites per human per year for the 1st yr and 100 for the 2nd yr. Because of the combination of a high human biting rate and a low CSP rate, An. arabiensis accounted for 63% of transmission. Possible origin of differences in CSP rate between An. gambiae and An. arabiensis is discussed in relation to the parity rate, blood feeding frequency, and the hypothesis of genetic factors. |
| Address |
Institut Francais de Recherche Scientifique pour le Developpement en cooperation (ORSTOM), Institut Pasteur, Dakar, Senegal |
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English |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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Series Title |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0022-2585 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
PMID:9220672 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2655 |
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| Author |
Levy, J. |
| Title |
The mammalian brain and the adaptive advantage of cerebral asymmetry |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1977 |
Publication |
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ann N Y Acad Sci |
| Volume |
299 |
Issue |
|
Pages |
264-272 |
| Keywords |
*Adaptation, Physiological; Adaptation, Psychological/physiology; Animals; Behavior, Animal/physiology; Brain/*physiology; Cognition/physiology; Dominance, Cerebral/*physiology; *Evolution; Humans; Intelligence; Perception/physiology |
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English |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0077-8923 |
ISBN |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
PMID:280207 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4137 |
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| Author |
Lewis, K.P.; Jaffe, S.; Brannon, E.M. |
| Title |
Analog number representations in mongoose lemurs (Eulemur mongoz): evidence from a search task |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2005 |
Publication |
Animal Cognition |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Cogn. |
| Volume |
8 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
247-252 |
| Keywords |
Analysis of Variance; Animals; *Behavior, Animal; *Feeding Behavior; Female; Lemuridae/*psychology; Male; Mathematics; Odors; Smell/physiology; Time Factors |
| Abstract |
A wealth of data demonstrating that monkeys and apes represent number have been interpreted as suggesting that sensitivity to number emerged early in primate evolution, if not before. Here we examine the numerical capacities of the mongoose lemur (Eulemur mongoz), a member of the prosimian suborder of primates that split from the common ancestor of monkeys, apes and humans approximately 47-54 million years ago. Subjects observed as an experimenter sequentially placed grapes into an opaque bucket. On half of the trials the experimenter placed a subset of the grapes into a false bottom such that they were inaccessible to the lemur. The critical question was whether lemurs would spend more time searching the bucket when food should have remained in the bucket, compared to when they had retrieved all of the food. We found that the amount of time lemurs spent searching was indicative of whether grapes should have remained in the bucket, and furthermore that lemur search time reliably differentiated numerosities that differed by a 1:2 ratio, but not those that differed by a 2:3 or 3:4 ratio. Finally, two control conditions determined that lemurs represented the number of food items, and neither the odor of the grapes, nor the amount of grape (e.g., area) in the bucket. These results suggest that mongoose lemurs have numerical representations that are modulated by Weber's Law. |
| Address |
Department of Anthropology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130-4899, USA |
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English |
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1435-9448 |
ISBN |
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| Notes |
PMID:15660208 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2497 |
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| Author |
Lindsay, F.E.; Burton, F.L. |
| Title |
Observational study of “urine testing” in the horse and donkey stallion |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1983 |
Publication |
Equine Veterinary Journal |
Abbreviated Journal |
Equine Vet J |
| Volume |
15 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
330-336 |
| Keywords |
Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Horses/anatomy & histology/*physiology; Male; Nasal Septum; Nose/anatomy & histology; Olfactory Mucosa/physiology; Perissodactyla/*physiology; Sex Attractants/urine; Smell/physiology |
| Abstract |
Although “urine testing” is said to enable the male equid to assess the sexual status of the mare, there are no reports in the literature of any detailed study of this behavioural response of the stallion. Behavioural response to conspecific urine was studied in two horse stallions and one donkey stallion. The relevant nasopalatine anatomy is described. Events observed during urine testing included head, neck, lip, jaw, tongue movements, penile changes and nasal secretion. Nasal endoscopy indicated that the source of part of the nasal secretion was the secretory glands of the vomeronasal organ complex. The significance and probable function of these events in urine testing is discussed. |
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English |
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Edition |
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0425-1644 |
ISBN |
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| Notes |
PMID:6641679 |
Approved |
no |
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refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
1955 |
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| Author |
Lonsdorf, E.V. |
| Title |
What is the role of mothers in the acquisition of termite-fishing behaviors in wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii)? |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Animal Cognition |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Cogn. |
| Volume |
9 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
36-46 |
| Keywords |
Animals; Animals, Wild; *Behavior, Animal; Cooking and Eating Utensils; Feeding Behavior/*psychology; Female; *Imitative Behavior; Learning; Mothers/*psychology; Motor Skills; Pan troglodytes/*psychology; Problem Solving |
| Abstract |
This paper explores the role of maternal influences on the acquisition of a tool-using task in wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) in order to build on and complement previous work done in captivity. Young chimpanzees show a long period of offspring dependency on mothers and it is during this period that offspring learn several important skills, especially how to and on what to forage. At Gombe National Park, one skill that is acquired during dependency is termite-fishing, a complex behavior that involves inserting a tool made from the surrounding vegetation into a termite mound and extracting the termites that attack and cling to the tool. All chimpanzees observed at Gombe have acquired the termite-fishing skill by the age of 5.5 years. Since the mother is the primary source of information throughout this time period, I investigated the influence of mothers' individual termite-fishing characteristics on their offsprings' speed of acquisition and proficiency at the skill once acquired. Mother's time spent alone or with maternal family members, which is highly correlated to time spent termite-fishing, was positively correlated to offspring's acquisition of critical elements of the skill. I also investigated the specific types of social interactions that occur between mothers and offspring at the termite mound and found that mothers are highly tolerant to offspring, even when the behavior of the offspring may disrupt the termite-fishing attempt. However, no active facilitation by mothers of offsprings' attempts were observed. |
| Address |
Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA. elonsdorf@lpzoo.org |
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English |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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1435-9448 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
PMID:16195914 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2480 |
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| Author |
Lynch, J.J.; Fregin, G.F.; Mackie, J.B.; Monroe, R.R.J. |
| Title |
Heart rate changes in the horse to human contact |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1974 |
Publication |
Psychophysiology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Psychophysiology |
| Volume |
11 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
472-478 |
| Keywords |
Animals; Behavior, Animal; Electrocardiography/veterinary; *Heart Rate; Horses/*physiology; Humans; *Social Behavior; *Touch |
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English |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0048-5772 |
ISBN |
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| Notes |
PMID:4852234 |
Approved |
no |
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refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
1965 |
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| Author |
Macholc, E.J.A. |
| Title |
Equine interspecies aggression |
Type |
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| Year |
2006 |
Publication |
The Veterinary record |
Abbreviated Journal |
Vet. Rec. |
| Volume |
159 |
Issue |
24 |
Pages |
824 |
| Keywords |
*Aggression; Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Chickens; Ducks; *Horses; Species Specificity |
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English |
Summary Language |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0042-4900 |
ISBN |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
PMID:17158722 |
Approved |
no |
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Serial |
1778 |
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