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Author |
Griffin, A.S.; Guez, D. |
Title |
Innovation and problem solving: A review of common mechanisms |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2014 |
Publication |
Behavioural Processes |
Abbreviated Journal |
Behav. Process. |
Volume |
109 |
Issue |
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Pages |
121-134 |
Keywords |
Behavioural flexibility; Cognition; Innovation; Problem solving |
Abstract |
Behavioural innovations have become central to our thinking about how animals adjust to changing environments. It is now well established that animals vary in their ability to innovate, but understanding why remains a challenge. This is because innovations are rare, so studying innovation requires alternative experimental assays that create opportunities for animals to express their ability to invent new behaviours, or use pre-existing ones in new contexts. Problem solving of extractive foraging tasks has been put forward as a suitable experimental assay. We review the rapidly expanding literature on problem solving of extractive foraging tasks in order to better understand to what extent the processes underpinning problem solving, and the factors influencing problem solving, are in line with those predicted, and found, to underpin and influence innovation in the wild. Our aim is to determine whether problem solving can be used as an experimental proxy of innovation. We find that in most respects, problem solving is determined by the same underpinning mechanisms, and is influenced by the same factors, as those predicted to underpin, and to influence, innovation. We conclude that problem solving is a valid experimental assay for studying innovation, propose a conceptual model of problem solving in which motor diversity plays a more central role than has been considered to date, and provide recommendations for future research using problem solving to investigate innovation. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Cognition in the wild. |
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0376-6357 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
6556 |
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Author |
Grönemann, C. |
Title |
Konfliktfeld Pferd und Wolf – Eine Untersuchung zu Einstellungen, Erwartungen und Befürchtungen von Pferdehaltern und Reitsportlern in Niedersachsen |
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Manuscript |
Year |
2015 |
Publication |
master thesis |
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Master's thesis |
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Universität Hildesheim |
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Hildesheim |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
6683 |
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Author |
Grönemann, K. |
Title |
Konfliktfeld Pferd und Wolf – Eine Untersuchung zu Einstellungen, Erwartungen und Befürchtungen von Pferdehaltern und Reitsportlern in Niedersachsen |
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Manuscript |
Year |
2015 |
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Master's thesis |
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University Hildesheim |
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Hildesheim |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
6440 |
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Author |
Guidi, A.; Lanata, A.; Valenza, G.; Scilingo, E.P.; Baragli, P. |
Title |
Validation of smart textile electrodes for electrocardiogram monitoring in free-moving horses |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Journal of Veterinary Behavior: Clinical Applications and Research |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Vet. Behav. |
Volume |
17 |
Issue |
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Pages |
19-23 |
Keywords |
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Abstract |
This article focuses on the validation of smart textile electrodes used to acquire electrocardiogram (ECG) signals in horses in a comfortable and robust manner. The performance of smart textile electrodes is compared with standard Ag/AgCl electrodes in terms of the percentage of motion artifacts (MAs, the noise that results from the movement of electrodes against the skin) and signal quality. Seven healthy Standardbred mares were equipped with 2 identical electronic systems for the simultaneous collection of ECGs. One system was equipped with smart textile electrodes, whereas the second was equipped with standard Ag/AgCl electrodes. Each horse was then monitored individually in a stall for 1 hour, without any movement constraints. The ECGs were visually examined by an expert who blindly labeled the ECG segments that had been corrupted by MAs. Finally, the percentage of MAs (MA%) was computed as the number of samples of the corrupted segments over the whole length of the signal. The total MA% was found to be lower for the smart textiles than for the Ag/AgCl electrodes. Consistent results were also obtained by investigating MAs over time. These results suggest that smart textile electrodes are more reliable when recording artifact-free ECGs in horses at rest. Thus, improving the acquisition of important physiological information related to the activity of the autonomic nervous system, such as heart rate variability, could help to provide reliable information on the mood and state of arousal of horses. |
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Elsevier |
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1558-7878 |
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doi: 10.1016/j.jveb.2016.10.001 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
6213 |
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Author |
Hagen, K.; Broom, D.M. |
Title |
Emotional reactions to learning in cattle |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Applied Animal Behaviour Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. |
Volume |
85 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
203-213 |
Keywords |
Cattle; Expressive behaviour; Operant learning; Reinforcer |
Abstract |
It has been suggested that during instrumental learning, animals are likely to react emotionally to the reinforcer. They may in addition react emotionally to their own achievements. These reactions are of interest with regard to the animals' capacity for self-awareness. Therefore, we devised a yoked control experiment involving the acquisition of an operant task. We aimed to identify the emotional reactions of young cattle to their own learning and to separate these from reactions to a food reward. Twelve Holstein-Friesian heifers aged 7-12 months were divided into two groups. Heifers in the experimental group were conditioned over a 14-day period to press a panel in order to open a gate for access to a food reward. For heifers in the control group, the gate opened after a delay equal to their matched partner's latency to open it. To allow for observation of the heifers' movements during locomotion after the gate had opened, there was a 15m distance in the form of a race from the gate to the food trough. The heart rate of the heifers, and their behaviour when moving along the race towards the food reward were measured. When experimental heifers made clear improvements in learning, they were more likely than on other occasions to have higher heart rates and tended to move more vigorously along the race in comparison with their controls. This experiment found some, albeit inconclusive, indication that cattle may react emotionally to their own learning improvement. |
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0168-1591 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
6551 |
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Author |
Haidn, B.; Berger, N |
Title |
Arbeitszeitbedarf für die Pensionspferdehaltung in landwirt-schaftlichen Betrieben |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2003 |
Publication |
Tagungsband 6, Vechta 25.-27. März 2003 |
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Volume |
Tagung: Bau, Technik und Umwelt in der landwirtsch |
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Pages |
386 -391 |
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Publisher |
KTBL-Schriften |
Place of Publication |
Münster-Hiltrup |
Editor |
KTBL |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
6640 |
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Author |
Hampson, B.A.; Zabek, M.A.; Pollitt, C.C.; Nock, B. |
Title |
Health and behaviour consequences of feral horse relocation |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Rangel. J. |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
33 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
173-180 |
Keywords |
equine, GPS, movement, range. |
Abstract |
Despite ongoing projects involving the breeding and release of equids into semi-wild and wild environments, insufficient information is available in the literature that describes strategies used by equids to adapt and survive in a novel environment. The aim of this study was to assess the ability of naïve, feral Equus caballus (horse) mares to cope in a novel feral horse environment and investigate possible reasons why some may not survive this challenge. Four mares taken from a semi-arid desert environment remained in good health but significantly changed their movement behaviour pattern when surrounded by prime grazing habitat in a mesic temperate grassland. Three of the four mares captured from the prime grazing habitat and released in the semi-arid desert habitat died, apparently due to stress and/or starvation, within 8 weeks of release. The fourth mare survived 4 months but lost considerable weight.The group of mares relocated to the semi-arid desert environment had difficulty adapting to relocation and did not take up the movement behaviour strategy of local horses, which required long distance treks from a central water hole to distant feeding areas at least 15 km away. The movement behaviour, range use and health consequences of relocating equids may be of interest to wildlife ecologists, animal behaviourists and horse welfare groups. The observations may be used to guide those intending on relocating managed domestic and native horses to novel habitats. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6210 |
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Author |
Hare, B.; Rosati, A.; Kaminski, J.; Bräuer, J.; Call, J.; Tomasello, M. |
Title |
The domestication hypothesis for dogs' skills with human communication: a response to Udell et al. (2008) and Wynne et al. (2008) |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2010 |
Publication |
Anim Behav |
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79 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Hare2010 |
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6241 |
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Author |
Harlow, H.F. |
Title |
Learning and satiation of response in intrinsically motivated complex puzzle performance by monkeys |
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Journal Article |
Year |
1950 |
Publication |
Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Comp Physiol Psychol |
Volume |
43 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
289-294 |
Keywords |
Animals; *Haplorhini; *Learning; *Motivation; *Psychology; *Satiation; *Learning; *Motivation; *Psychology |
Abstract |
Two rhesus monkeys, given 60 two-hour sessions with a six-device mechanical puzzle showed clear evidence of learning, the curve showing ratio of incorrect to correct responses appearing quite comparable to similar curves obtained during externally rewarded situations. When, on the thirteenth day of tests, the subjects were presented with the puzzle 100 times at 6-minute intervals, the number of devices manipulated decreased regularly throughout the day, although there was no significant change in the number of times the problem assembly was attacked. |
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English |
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0021-9940 |
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PMID:15436888 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6550 |
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Author |
Harrington, F.H. |
Title |
Chorus howling by wolves: Acoustic structures, pack size and Beau Geste effect |
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Journal Article |
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1989 |
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Bioacoustics |
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2 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Harrington1989 |
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6463 |
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