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Author  |
Robert, N.; Walzer, C.; Ruegg, S.R.; Kaczensky, P.; Ganbaatar, O.; Stauffer, C. |
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Title |
Pathologic findings in reintroduced Przewalski's horses (Equus caballus przewalskii) in southwestern Mongolia |
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2005 |
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Journal of zoo and Wildlife Medicine : Official Publication of the American Association of Zoo Veterinarians |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Zoo Wildl Med |
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36 |
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2 |
Pages |
273-285 |
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Animals; Babesiosis/epidemiology/pathology/*veterinary; Cause of Death; Conservation of Natural Resources; Disease Susceptibility/veterinary; Environment; Female; Food Chain; Horse Diseases/*epidemiology/pathology; Horses; Male; Mongolia/epidemiology; Streptococcal Infections/epidemiology/pathology/*veterinary; *Streptococcus equi; Theileriasis/*epidemiology/pathology; Weather |
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Abstract |
The Przewalski's horse (Equus caballus przewalskii) was extinct in the wild by the mid 1960s. The species has survived because of captive breeding only. The Takhin Tal reintroduction project is run by the International Takhi Group; it is one of two projects reintroducing horses to the wild in Mongolia. In 1997 the first harem group was released. The first foals were successfully raised in the wild in 1999. Currently, 63 Przewalski's horses live in Takhin Tal. Little information exists on causes of mortality before the implementation of a disease-monitoring program in 1998. Since 1999, all dead horses recovered (n = 28) have been examined and samples collected and submitted for further investigation. Equine piroplasmosis, a tick-transmitted disease caused by Babesia caballi or Theileria equi, is endemic in Takhin Tal and was identified as the cause of death of four stallions and one stillborn foal. In December 2000, wolf predation was implicated in the loss of several Przewalski's horses. However, thorough clinical, pathologic, and bacteriologic investigations performed on dead and surviving horses of this group revealed lesions compatible with strangles. The extreme Mongolian winter of 2000-2001 is thought to have most probably weakened the horses, making them more susceptible to opportunistic infection and subsequent wolf predation. Other occasional causes of death since 1999 were trauma, exhaustion, wasting, urolithiasis, pneumonia, abortion, and stillbirth. The pathologic examination of the Przewalski's horses did not result in a definitive diagnosis in each case. Several disease factors were found to be important in the initial phase of the reintroduction, which could potentially jeopardize the establishment of a self-sustaining population. |
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Center for Fish and Wildlife Health, Institute of Animal Pathology, University of Berne, Langgass-Strasse 122, CH-3001 Berne, Switzerland |
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English |
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1042-7260 |
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PMID:17323569 |
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2023 |
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Author |
Roth Hh, |
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Title |
Über das Schwimmen afrikanischer Landsäugetiere im Kariba – Stauseegebiet und ihr Verhalten gegenüber dem Flutwasser |
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Year |
1969 |
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Zoologische Garten |
Abbreviated Journal |
Zool. Garten. |
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37 |
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12-29 |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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1522 |
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Author |
Ryder O, |
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Title |
The quagga is gone but its genes may survive |
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1983 |
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Zoonooz San Diego Zoo |
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16 |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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1536 |
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Rzasnicki A Py, |
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Complete list of the specimens of skeletons and skins of Equus quagga quagga preseved in the museum of the whole world in 1939 |
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Ann Mus Zool Polonica |
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14 |
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69-73 |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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1545 |
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Rzasnicki A, |
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Title |
Zebras and quaggas |
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1951 |
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Ann Mus Zool Polonica |
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16 |
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203-252 |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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1546 |
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Author |
Rzasnicki A, |
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Title |
Ein Maulesel im Warschauer Zoo |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1939 |
Publication |
Zoologische Garten |
Abbreviated Journal |
Zool. Garten. |
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10; 202 |
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207 |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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1544 |
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Rzasnicki A, |
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Title |
Zur Kenntnis und zur Entdeckungsgeschichte des Grevy – Zebras |
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1936 |
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Zoologische Garten |
Abbreviated Journal |
Zool. Garten. |
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8 |
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283-291 |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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1543 |
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Rzasnicki A, |
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Title |
Ein wildpferdfarbiges Shetlandponyfohlen |
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1934 |
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Zoologische Garten |
Abbreviated Journal |
Zool. Garten. |
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7 |
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89-92 |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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1542 |
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Rzasnicki A, |
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Title |
Beobachtungen an Chapman – Zebras |
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1933 |
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Zoologische Garten |
Abbreviated Journal |
Zool. Garten. |
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6 |
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1-10 |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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1541 |
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Author |
RÖHRS, M.; EBINGER, P. |
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Title |
Progressive und regressive Hirngrößenveränderungen bei Equiden |
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1993 |
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Z zool Syst Evolut forsch |
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31 |
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233-239 |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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1513 |
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