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Author (up) Alexander, F.
Title A study of parotid salivation in the horse Type Journal Article
Year 1966 Publication The Journal of physiology Abbreviated Journal J Physiol
Volume 184 Issue 3 Pages 646-656
Keywords Animals; Atropine/*pharmacology; Bicarbonates/metabolism; Calcium/metabolism; Chlorides/metabolism; Horses; Mastication/*physiology; Parotid Gland/*physiology; Pilocarpine/*pharmacology; Potassium/metabolism; Salivation/*drug effects; Sodium/metabolism; Tetracaine/*pharmacology
Abstract
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language English Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0022-3751 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes PMID:5963737 Approved no
Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 119
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Author (up) Alexander, F.
Title Factors affecting the blood sugar concentration in horses Type Journal Article
Year 1955 Publication Quarterly journal of experimental physiology and cognate medical sciences Abbreviated Journal Q J Exp Physiol Cogn Med Sci
Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages 24-31
Keywords Blood Glucose/*analysis; *Horses; *BLOOD SUGAR/determination; *Horses
Abstract
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language English Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0033-5541 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes PMID:14371987 Approved no
Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 123
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Author (up) Alexander, F.
Title Some functions of the large intestine of the horse Type Journal Article
Year 1952 Publication Quarterly journal of experimental physiology and cognate medical sciences Abbreviated Journal Q J Exp Physiol Cogn Med Sci
Volume 37 Issue 4 Pages 205-214
Keywords *Horses; *Intestine, Large; *Horses; *Intestine, Large
Abstract
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language English Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0033-5541 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes PMID:13014259 Approved no
Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 127
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Author (up) Alexander, F.
Title The preparation of Biebl loops and Thiry-Vella fistulae of the ileum of the horse Type Journal Article
Year 1951 Publication The Journal of physiology Abbreviated Journal J Physiol
Volume 115 Issue 4 Pages 63-4 P
Keywords Gastrointestinal Tract/*physiology; *GASTROINTESTINAL SYSTEM/physiology
Abstract
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language English Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0022-3751 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes PMID:14898527 Approved no
Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 128
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Author (up) Alexander, F.; Ash, R.W.
Title The effect of emotion and hormones on the concentration of glucose and eosinophils in horse blood Type Journal Article
Year 1955 Publication The Journal of physiology Abbreviated Journal J Physiol
Volume 130 Issue 3 Pages 703-710
Keywords Blood Glucose/*drug effects; Eosinophils/*drug effects; Leukocyte Count/*drug effects; *ACTH/effects; *BLOOD SUGAR/effect of drugs on; *EOSINOPHIL COUNT/effect of drugs on; *EPINEPHRINE/effects; *HISTAMINE/effects; *INSULIN/effects; *STRESS/experimental
Abstract
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language English Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0022-3751 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes PMID:13278929 Approved no
Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 122
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Author (up) Alexander, F.; Benzie, D.
Title A radiological study of the digestive tract of the foal Type Journal Article
Year 1951 Publication Quarterly journal of experimental physiology and cognate medical sciences Abbreviated Journal Q J Exp Physiol Cogn Med Sci
Volume 36 Issue 4 Pages 213-217
Keywords Gastrointestinal Tract/*radiography; *Horses; *GASTROINTESTINAL SYSTEM/radiography; *Horses; *MYOCARDITIS/etiology and pathogenesis
Abstract
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language English Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0033-5541 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes PMID:14892238 Approved no
Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 129
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Author (up) Becker-Birck, M.; Schmidt, A.; Wulf, M.; Aurich, J.; von der Wense, A.; Möstl, E.; Berz, R.; Aurich, C.
Title Cortisol release, heart rate and heart rate variability, and superficial body temperature, in horses lunged either with hyperflexion of the neck or with an extended head and neck position Type Journal Article
Year 2013 Publication Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition Abbreviated Journal
Volume 97 Issue 2 Pages 322-330
Keywords animal welfare; equitation; stress; training
Abstract Bringing the head and neck of ridden horses into a position of hyperflexion is widely used in equestrian sports. In our study, the hypothesis was tested that hyperflexion is an acute stressor for horses. Salivary cortisol concentrations, heart rate, heart rate variability (HRV) and superficial body temperature were determined in horses (n = 16) lunged on two subsequent days. The head and neck of the horse was fixed with side reins in a position allowing forward extension on day A and fixed in hyperflexion on day B. The order of treatments alternated between horses. In response to lunging, cortisol concentration increased (day A from 0.73 ± 0.06 to 1.41 ± 0.13 ng/ml, p < 0.001; day B from 0.68 ± 0.07 to 1.38 ± 0.13 ng/ml, p < 0.001) but did not differ between days A and B. Beat-to-beat (RR) interval decreased in response to lunging on both days. HRV variables standard deviation of RR interval (SDRR) and RMSSD (root mean square of successive RR differences) decreased (p < 0.001) but did not differ between days. In the cranial region of the neck, the difference between maximum and minimum temperature was increased in hyperflexion (p < 0.01). In conclusion, physiological parameters do not indicate an acute stress response to hyperflexion of the head alone in horses lunged at moderate speed and not touched with the whip. However, if hyperflexion is combined with active intervention of a rider, a stressful experience for the horse cannot be excluded.
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Blackwell Publishing Ltd Place of Publication Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 1439-0396 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 6182
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Author (up) Bigiani, A.; Mucignat-Caretta, C.; Montani, G.; Tirindelli, R.
Title Pheromone reception in mammals Type Journal Article
Year 2005 Publication Reviews of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology Abbreviated Journal
Volume 154 Issue Pages 1-35
Keywords
Abstract Pheromonal communication is the most convenient way to transfer information regarding gender and social status in animals of the same species with the holistic goal of sustaining reproduction. This type of information exchange is based on pheromones, molecules often chemically unrelated, that are contained in body fluids like urine, sweat, specialized exocrine glands, and mucous secretions of genitals. So profound is the relevance of pheromones over the evolutionary process that a specific peripheral organ devoted to their recognition, namely the vomeronasal organ of Jacobson, and a related central pathway arose in most vertebrate species. Although the vomeronasal system is well developed in reptiles and amphibians, most mammals strongly rely on pheromonal communication. Humans use pheromones too; evidence on the existence of a specialized organ for their detection, however, is very elusive indeed. In the present review, we will focus our attention on the behavioral, physiological, and molecular aspects of pheromone detection in mammals. We will discuss the responses to pheromonal stimulation in different animal species, emphasizing the complicacy of this type of communication. In the light of the most recent results, we will also discuss the complex organization of the transduction molecules that underlie pheromone detection and signal transmission from vomeronasal neurons to the higher centers of the brain. Communication is a primary feature of living organisms, allowing the coordination of different behavioral paradigms among individuals. Communication has evolved through a variety of different strategies, and each species refined its own preferred communication medium. From a phylogenetic point of view, the most widespread and ancient way of communication is through chemical signals named pheromones: it occurs in all taxa, from prokaryotes to eukaryotes. The release of specific pheromones into the environment is a sensitive and definite way to send messages to other members of the same species. Therefore, the action of an organism can alter the behavior of another organism, thereby increasing the fitness of either or both. Albeit slow in transmission and not easily modulated, pheromones can travel around objects in the dark and over long distances. In addition, they are emitted when necessary and their biosynthesis is usually economic. In essence, they represent the most efficient tool to refine the pattern of social behaviors and reproductive strategies. © Springer-Verlag 2005.
Address Università di Parma, Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Sezione di Fisiologia, Via Volturno 39, 43100 Parma, Italy
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4570
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Author (up) Byström, A.; Clayton, H.M.; Hernlund, E.; Rhodin, M.; Egenvall, A.
Title Equestrian and biomechanical perspectives on laterality in the horse Type Journal Article
Year 2020 Publication Comparative Exercise Physiology Abbreviated Journal Comp. Exerc. Physiol.
Volume 16 Issue 1 Pages 35-45
Keywords
Abstract It has been suggested that one of the underlying causes of asymmetrical performance and left/right bias in sound riding horses is laterality originating in the cerebral cortices described in many species. The aim of this paper is to review the published evidence for inherent biomechanical laterality in horses deemed to be clinically sound and relate these findings to descriptions of sidedness in equestrian texts. There are no established criteria to determine if a horse is left or right dominant but the preferred limb has been defined as the forelimb that is more frequently protracted during stance and when grazing. Findings on left-right differences in forelimb hoof shape and front hoof angles have been linked to asymmetric forelimb ground reaction forces. Asymmetries interpreted as motor laterality have been found among foals and unhandled youngsters, and the consistency or extent of asymmetries seems to increase with age. Expressions of laterality also vary with breed, sex, training and handling, stress, and body shape but there are no studies of the possible link between laterality and lameness. In a recent study of a group of seven dressage horses, a movement pattern in many ways similar to descriptions of sidedness in the equestrian literature, e.g. one hind limb being more protracted and placed more laterally than the other, has been documented. The role of innate laterality versus painful conditions, training, human handedness and simply habit remains to be determined. Understanding the biomechanical manifestations of laterality in healthy horses, including individual variation, would yield a potential basis for how laterality should be taken into account in relation to training/riding and rehabilitation of lameness.
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Wageningen Academic Publishers Place of Publication Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 1755-2540 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes doi: 10.3920/CEP190022 Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 6663
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Author (up) Christensen, J.W.; Beekmans, M.; van Dalum, M.; VanDierendonck, M.
Title Effects of hyperflexion on acute stress responses in ridden dressage horses Type Journal Article
Year 2014 Publication Physiology & Behavior Abbreviated Journal Physiol. Behav.
Volume 128 Issue Pages 39-45
Keywords Behaviour; Dressage; Horse; Hyperflexion; Rein tension; Stress
Abstract The effects of hyperflexion on the welfare of dressage horses have been debated. This study aimed to investigate acute stress responses of dressage horses ridden in three different Head-and-Neck-positions (HNPs). Fifteen dressage horses were ridden by their usual rider in a standardised 10-min dressage programme in either the competition frame (CF), hyperflexion (“Low-Deep-and-Round”; LDR) or a looser frame (LF) in a balanced order on three separate test days. Heart rate (HR), heart rate variability parameters (HRV), behaviour and rein tension were recorded during the test. Salivary cortisol concentrations were measured 60min before and 0, 5, 15 and 30min after the test. Rein tension was significantly lower in LF and did not differ between CF and LDR; however approx. 15% of recordings in CF and LDR were above the sensor detection limit of 5kg. The horses had significantly higher cortisol concentrations directly after LDR compared to LF. In addition, the horses showed more distinctive head movements, including head waving, during LDR. There were no significant treatment effects on HR and HRV. In conclusion, the results indicate that LDR may be more stressful to these horses during riding.
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Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0031-9384 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 6507
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