Records |
Author |
Traversa, D.; Giangaspero, A.; Iorio, R.; Otranto, D.; Paoletti, B.; Gasser, R.B. |
Title |
Semi-nested PCR for the specific detection of Habronema microstoma or Habronema muscae DNA in horse faeces |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Parasitology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Parasitology |
Volume |
129 |
Issue |
Pt 6 |
Pages |
733-739 |
Keywords |
Animals; DNA, Helminth/*analysis; DNA, Ribosomal Spacer/*chemistry; Feces/*chemistry; Female; Horse Diseases/*diagnosis/parasitology; Horses; Male; Polymerase Chain Reaction/*methods; Species Specificity; Spirurida Infections/diagnosis/*veterinary; Spiruroidea/*genetics |
Abstract |
Habronema microstoma and Habronema muscae (Spirurida: Habronematidae) are parasitic nematodes which infect the stomach and/or skin of equids. The accurate diagnosis of gastric habronemosis is central to studying its epidemiology, but data on its distribution and prevalence are lacking, mainly due to the limitations of clinical and coprological diagnosis in live horses. To overcome this constraint, a two-step, semi-nested PCR-based assay was validated (utilizing genetic markers in the nuclear ribosomal DNA) for the specific amplification of H. microstoma or H. muscae DNA from the faeces from horses (n = 46) whose gastrointestinal parasite status had been determined at autopsy and whose faeces were examined previously using a conventional parasitological approach. Of these horses examined at autopsy, some harboured adults of either H. microstoma (n= 19) or H. muscae (n =4), and others (n = 7) harboured both species. Most of them were also infected with other parasites, including strongylid nematodes (subfamilies Cyathostominae and Strongylinae), bots and/or cestodes; there was no evidence of metazoan parasites in 2 horses. Larvated spirurid eggs were detected in the faeces of 1 of the 30 horses (3.3 %) shown to be infected with Habronema at autopsy. For this set of 46 samples, the PCR assay achieved a diagnostic specificity of 100 % and a sensitivity of approximately 97 % (being able to specifically detect as little as approximately 0.02 fg of Habronema DNA). The specificity of the assay was also tested using a panel of control DNA samples representing horse, the gastric spirurid Draschia megastoma and 26 other species of parasites from the alimentary tract of the horse. H. microstoma, H. muscae and D. megastoma could be readily differentiated from one another based on the sizes of their specific amplicons in the PCR. The results of this study showed that the performance of the PCR for the diagnosis of gastric habronemosis was similar to that of autopsy but substantially better than the traditional coprological examination procedure used. The ability to specifically diagnose gastric habronemosis in equids should have important implications for investigating the epidemiology and ecology of H. microstoma and H. muscae. |
Address |
Department of Biomedical Comparative Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy. traversa@unite.it |
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0031-1820 |
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Notes |
PMID:15648696 |
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no |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2631 |
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Author |
Traversa, D.; Giangaspero, A.; Galli, P.; Paoletti, B.; Otranto, D.; Gasser, R.B. |
Title |
Specific identification of Habronema microstoma and Habronema muscae (Spirurida, Habronematidae) by PCR using markers in ribosomal DNA |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Molecular and Cellular Probes |
Abbreviated Journal |
Mol Cell Probes |
Volume |
18 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
215-221 |
Keywords |
Animals; Base Sequence; DNA, Ribosomal/blood/*genetics; Feces/parasitology; Genetic Markers; Horses/*parasitology; Molecular Sequence Data; Muscidae/*genetics; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Spirurida Infections/genetics; Spiruroidea/*genetics; Stomach/*parasitology |
Abstract |
Gastric or cutaneous habronemosis caused by Habronema microstoma Creplin, 1849 and Habronema muscae Carter, 1865 is a parasitic disease of equids transmitted by muscid flies. There is a paucity of information on the epidemiology of this disease, which is mainly due to limitations with diagnosis in the live animal and with the identification of the parasites in the intermediate hosts. To overcome such limitations, a molecular approach, based on the use of genetic markers in the second internal transcribed spacer (ITS-2) of ribosomal DNA, was established for the two species of Habronema. Characterisation of the ITS-2 revealed sequence lengths and G+C contents of 296 bp and 29.5% for H. microstoma, and of 334 bp and 35.9% for H. muscae, respectively. Exploiting the sequence difference (approximately 40%) between the two species of nematode, primers were designed and tested by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for their specificity using a panel of control DNA samples from common equid endoparasites, and from host tissues, faeces or muscid flies. Effective amplification from each of the two species of Habronema was achieved from as little as 10 pg of genomic DNA. Hence, this molecular approach allows the specific identification and differentiation of the DNA from H. microstoma and H. muscae, and could thus provide a molecular tool for the specific detection of Habronema DNA (irrespective of developmental stage) from faeces, skin and muscid fly samples. The establishment of this tool has important implications for the specific diagnosis of clinical cases of gastric and cutaneous habronemosis in equids, and for studying the ecology and epidemiology of the two species of Habronema. |
Address |
Department of Biomedical Comparative Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy |
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ISSN |
0890-8508 |
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Notes |
PMID:15271381 |
Approved |
no |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2634 |
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Author |
Hutchinson, G.W.; Abba, S.A.; Mfitilodze, M.W. |
Title |
Seasonal translation of equine strongyle infective larvae to herbage in tropical Australia |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1989 |
Publication |
Veterinary Parasitology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Vet Parasitol |
Volume |
33 |
Issue |
3-4 |
Pages |
251-263 |
Keywords |
Animals; Feces/*parasitology; Horses; Queensland; Seasons; Strongyle Infections, Equine/*parasitology; Strongyloidea/growth & development/*physiology; Strongylus/growth & development/*physiology; Tropical Climate |
Abstract |
Longevity in faeces, migration to and survival on herbage of mixed strongyle infective larvae (approximately 70% cyathostomes: 30% large strongyles) from experimentally deposited horse faeces was studied in the dry tropical region of North Queensland for up to 2 years. Larvae were recovered from faeces deposited during hot dry weather for a maximum of 12 weeks, up to 32 weeks in cool conditions, but less than 8 weeks in hot wet summer. Translation to herbage was mainly limited to the hot wet season (December-March), except when unseasonal winter rainfall of 40-50 mm per month in July and August allowed some additional migration. Survival on pasture was estimated at 2-4 weeks in the summer wet season and 8-12 weeks in the autumn-winter dry season (April-August). Hot dry spring weather (pre-wet season) was the most unfavourable for larval development, migration and survival. Peak counts of up to 60,000 larvae kg-1 dry herbage were recorded. The seasonal nature of pasture contamination allowed the development of rational anthelmintic control programs based on larval ecology. |
Address |
Graduate School of Tropical Veterinary Science, James Cook University of North Queensland, Townsville, Australia |
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English |
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ISSN |
0304-4017 |
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Notes |
PMID:2815535 |
Approved |
no |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2672 |
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Author |
Holzapfel, W.H.; Botha, S.J. |
Title |
Physiology of Sporolactobacillus strains isolated from different habitats and the indication of in vitro antagonism against Bacillus species |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1988 |
Publication |
International Journal of Food Microbiology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Int J Food Microbiol |
Volume |
7 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
161-168 |
Keywords |
Animals; Bacillaceae/isolation & purification/*physiology; Bacillus/*physiology; Cattle; *Ecology; Feces/*microbiology; Food Microbiology; Horses; Sewage; Sheep; Water Microbiology |
Abstract |
In an ecological study only low numbers of Sporolactobacillus were found in habitats such as the faeces of herbivores, the rumen of cattle and the final waste water of an abattoir. Their presence in the final waste water of an abattoir indicates their possible association with food, and, more specifically, with meat. Differences were found in some physiological characteristics. One isolate (L2404) differed from the authentic Sporolactobacillus ATCC 15538 by its inability to ferment inulin, its growth in presence of 6.5% NaCl and in 0.2% tellurite, by the isomer(s) of lactic acid produced and the mol% G + G in the DNA. One Sporolactobacillus isolate (L2407) showed antagonism against Bacillus cereus, Bacillus cereus var, mycoides, Bacillus megaterium and Bacillus subtilis. |
Address |
Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of Pretoria, Republic of South Africa |
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ISSN |
0168-1605 |
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Notes |
PMID:3275317 |
Approved |
no |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2675 |
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Author |
Hughes, K.L.; Sulaiman, I. |
Title |
The ecology of Rhodococcus equi and physicochemical influences on growth |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1987 |
Publication |
Veterinary Microbiology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Vet Microbiol |
Volume |
14 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
241-250 |
Keywords |
Animals; Feces/microbiology; Horses; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Rhodococcus/*growth & development; *Soil Microbiology; Temperature |
Abstract |
Growth of Rhodococcus equi was studied in vitro. Optimal growth occurred under aerobic conditions between pH 7.0 and 8.5, at 30 degrees C. R. equi survived better in a neutral soil (pH 7.3) than it did in two acid soils (pH less than 5.5). It grew substantially better in soils enriched with faeces than in soils alone. Simple organic acids in horse dung, especially acetate and propionate, appear to be important in supporting growth of R. equi in the environment. The ecology of R. equi can be best explained by an environmental cycle allowing its proliferation in dung, influenced by management, grazing behaviour and prevailing climatic conditions. Preventive measures should be aimed at reducing or avoiding focal areas of faecal contamination in the environment. |
Address |
School of Veterinary Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic., Australia |
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0378-1135 |
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PMID:3672866 |
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no |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2678 |
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Author |
Takai, S.; Fujimori, T.; Katsuzaki, K.; Tsubaki, S. |
Title |
Ecology of Rhodococcus equi in horses and their environment on horse-breeding farms |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1987 |
Publication |
Veterinary Microbiology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Vet Microbiol |
Volume |
14 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
233-239 |
Keywords |
Actinomycetales Infections/*veterinary; Animals; Animals, Newborn/*microbiology; *Environmental Microbiology; Feces/microbiology; Female; Horse Diseases/*microbiology; Horses/*microbiology; Rhodococcus/*isolation & purification |
Abstract |
Quantitative culture of R. equi in the feces of dams and foals, in the air of the stalls and in the soil of the paddocks was carried out on three horse-breeding farms during the foaling season. The isolation rates of R. equi from the feces of dams from the 3 farms suddenly increased to approximately 80% at the end of March, when the snow in the paddocks finished melting, and remained at that level during April and May. The mean number of R. equi and the isolation rate of R. equi from the feces of dams on the farms were investigated for 5 weeks before and 5 weeks after delivery. During the 10 weeks, there were no differences in the isolation rate or in the mean number of R. equi from the feces of dams. R. equi was first isolated from the feces of the foals born in February and the middle of March at 3-4 weeks of age, on the other hand, it was first isolated from the feces of foals born in the end of March and April at 1-2 weeks of age. The number of R. equi in the soil collected from the paddocks used by dams during the winter was approximately 10(2)-10(4) g-1 of soil during the experiment. R. equi was isolated from the air in the stalls at the end of March and the number of R. equi in the air increased particularly on dry and windy days.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) |
Address |
Department of Animal Hygiene, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Kitasato University, Aomori, Japan |
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0378-1135 |
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PMID:3672865 |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2679 |
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Author |
Polley, L. |
Title |
Strongylid parasites of horses: experimental ecology of the free-living stages on the Canadian prairie |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1986 |
Publication |
American Journal of Veterinary Research |
Abbreviated Journal |
Am J Vet Res |
Volume |
47 |
Issue |
8 |
Pages |
1686-1693 |
Keywords |
Animals; Canada; Ecology; Feces; Female; Horse Diseases/*epidemiology/parasitology; Horses; Larva; Ovum/cytology; Seasons; Strongyloides/isolation & purification; Strongyloidiasis/epidemiology/*veterinary |
Abstract |
Each month for a 1-year period (October through September), equine fecal masses containing eggs of strongylid nematodes were placed outdoors on small grass plots in Saskatchewan, Canada. Thereafter, feces and grass from the plots were sampled after intervals of 1 week or longer, and the strongylid eggs and larvae recovered were counted. These observations were made over a 2-year period. Development of eggs to infective larvae occurred in all experiments, except those established in October, December, and January. Infective larvae from experiments set up in April through September survived that winter. During the summer, there was a gradual build up of infective larvae in the fecal masses, which reached a peak in August and September and then decreased into the winter. These results are discussed in the context of the control of strongylid parasites of horses on the Canadian prairie and in other areas of the world with a similar climate and similar horse management practices. |
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0002-9645 |
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PMID:3752676 |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2682 |
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Author |
Takai, S.; Narita, K.; Ando, K.; Tsubaki, S. |
Title |
Ecology of Rhodococcus (Corynebacterium) equi in soil on a horse-breeding farm |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1986 |
Publication |
Veterinary Microbiology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Vet Microbiol |
Volume |
12 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
169-177 |
Keywords |
Actinomycetales/classification/*growth & development; Animals; Corynebacterium/classification/*growth & development; Feces/microbiology; Female; Horses; Serotyping; *Soil Microbiology |
Abstract |
The ecology of Rhodococcus (Corynebacterium) equi in soil was studied on a horse-breeding farm. R. equi was cultured from soil at a depth of 0, 10, and 20 cm on the six sites of the farm at monthly intervals for 10 months from March to December of 1983. The highest numbers of R. equi were found in the surface soil. The mean number of bacteria in soil samples at every depth increased remarkably from 0 or 10(2) to 10(4) colony-forming units (CFU) g-1 of soil in the middle of April, and later decreased gradually. R. equi inoculated into six soil exudate broths prepared from surface soils at separate sites yielded suspensions with different optical densities, indicating differences in growth. The distribution of serotypes in the soil was similar to that in the horses on the farm. These findings indicated that R. equi could multiply in the soil and flourish in the cycle existing between horses and their soil environment. |
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0378-1135 |
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PMID:3750818 |
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no |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2683 |
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Author |
Barton, M.D.; Hughes, K.L. |
Title |
Ecology of Rhodococcus equi |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1984 |
Publication |
Veterinary Microbiology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Vet Microbiol |
Volume |
9 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
65-76 |
Keywords |
Actinomycetales/growth & development/immunology/*isolation & purification; Animal Husbandry; Animals; Antigens, Bacterial/immunology; Artiodactyla/*microbiology; Australia; Digestive System/microbiology; Ecology; Feces/*microbiology; Horses/*microbiology; Hypersensitivity, Delayed; Rabbits/microbiology; *Soil Microbiology |
Abstract |
A selective broth enrichment technique was used to study the distribution of Rhodococcus equi in soil and grazing animals. Rhodococcus equi was isolated from 54% of soils examined and from the gut contents, rectal faeces and dung of all grazing herbivorous species examined. Rhodococcus equi was not isolated from the faeces or dung of penned animals which did not have access to grazing. The isolation rate from dung was much higher than from other samples and this was found to be due to the ability of R. equi to multiply more readily in dung. Delayed hypersensitivity tests were carried out on horses, sheep and cattle, but only horses reacted significantly. The physiological characteristics of R. equi and the nature of its distribution in the environment suggested that R. equi is a soil organism. |
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0378-1135 |
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PMID:6719819 |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2688 |
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Author |
Pitchford, R.J.; Visser, P.S.; du Toit, J.F.; de Pienaar, U.V.; Young, E. |
Title |
Observations on the ecology of Schistosoma mattheei Veglia & Le Roux, 1929, in portion of the Kruger National Park and surrounding area using a new quantitative technique for egg output |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1973 |
Publication |
Journal of the South African Veterinary Association |
Abbreviated Journal |
J S Afr Vet Assoc |
Volume |
44 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
405-420 |
Keywords |
Animals; Artiodactyla; Buffaloes; Cattle; Cattle Diseases/epidemiology; Dog Diseases/epidemiology; Dogs; Feces; Goats; Haplorhini; Horse Diseases/epidemiology; Horses; Humans; Methods; Monkey Diseases/epidemiology; Papio; Parasite Egg Count; Schistosomiasis/epidemiology/*veterinary; Sheep; Sheep Diseases/epidemiology; South Africa; Swine; Swine Diseases/epidemiology |
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1019-9128 |
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PMID:4212207 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2711 |
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