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Author |
Huxley, J. |
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Title |
Equine interspecies aggression |
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Year |
2006 |
Publication |
The Veterinary record |
Abbreviated Journal |
Vet. Rec. |
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Volume |
159 |
Issue |
25 |
Pages |
860 |
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Keywords |
*Aggression; Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Horses; Male; Sheep |
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0042-4900 |
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PMID:17172489 |
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1776 |
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Author |
Burden, F.; Trawford, A. |
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Title |
Equine interspecies aggression Comment on |
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Year |
2006 |
Publication |
The Veterinary record |
Abbreviated Journal |
Vet. Rec. |
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Volume |
159 |
Issue |
25 |
Pages |
859-860 |
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Keywords |
*Aggression; Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Cats; Dogs; Equidae |
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0042-4900 |
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PMID:17172484 |
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1777 |
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Author |
Macholc, E.J.A. |
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Title |
Equine interspecies aggression |
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Year |
2006 |
Publication |
The Veterinary record |
Abbreviated Journal |
Vet. Rec. |
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Volume |
159 |
Issue |
24 |
Pages |
824 |
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Keywords |
*Aggression; Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Chickens; Ducks; *Horses; Species Specificity |
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0042-4900 |
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PMID:17158722 |
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1778 |
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Author |
Giles, N.; Tupper, J. |
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Title |
Equine interspecies aggression |
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Year |
2006 |
Publication |
The Veterinary record |
Abbreviated Journal |
Vet. Rec. |
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Volume |
159 |
Issue |
22 |
Pages |
756 |
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Keywords |
Aggression/*physiology; Animals; Horses/*physiology; Sheep/*physiology; Social Dominance |
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0042-4900 |
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Notes |
PMID:17127768 |
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1779 |
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Author |
Pritchard, J.C.; Barr, A.R.S.; Whay, H.R. |
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Title |
Validity of a behavioural measure of heat stress and a skin tent test for dehydration in working horses and donkeys |
Type |
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Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Equine veterinary journal |
Abbreviated Journal |
Equine Vet J |
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Volume |
38 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
433-438 |
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Keywords |
Age Factors; Animal Welfare; Animals; Behavior, Animal/physiology; Body Temperature/*physiology; Body Weight/physiology; Case-Control Studies; Dehydration/diagnosis/pathology/*veterinary; Drinking; *Equidae; Female; Heat Stress Disorders/diagnosis/physiopathology/*veterinary; Horse Diseases/*diagnosis/pathology; Horses; Hypovolemia/diagnosis/physiopathology/veterinary; Male; Osmolar Concentration; Pakistan; Respiration; Skin/*pathology; Species Specificity; Work |
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Dehydration and heat stress are serious welfare issues for equids working in developing countries. There is a lack of any standardised method or validated interpretation of the skin tent test in horses and donkeys. Owners of dehydrated and heat-stressed animals often depend on veterinary examination for identification of these conditions, leading to delays in treatment and unnecessary reliance on external sources to effect welfare improvement. OBJECTIVES: To validate a standardised skin tent test for dehydration and a behavioural measure of heat stress in working equids; and to examine the effect of heat stress and dehydration on tripping and staggering behaviour. METHODS: The study was carried out on 130 working horses and donkeys in Pakistan. Associations between skin tent and blood parameters (packed cell volume [PCV], serum total protein [TP], serum osmolality), clinical parameters, resting and drinking behaviour were examined. Heat stress behaviour (increased respiratory rate and depth, head nodding, flared nostrils, apathy) was observed in conjunction with rectal temperature. Tripping and staggering were assessed using a simple obstacle course. RESULTS: In both species, heat stress behaviour was significantly associated with increased rectal temperature (P<0.001). A positive skin tent test was not significantly associated with PCV or TP, although in donkeys it was significantly associated with lower serum osmolality (P<0.001). More animals age >15 years had a positive skin tent than those in younger age groups (P = 0.037). Very thin horses were more likely to have a positive skin tent than those in thin or moderate condition (P = 0.028). There was no significant correlation between skin tent and tripping or staggering in either species. CONCLUSIONS AND POTENTIAL RELEVANCE: Heat stress behaviour is related to increased body temperature in working horses and donkeys. Owners may use this to make judgements regarding rest and cooling, precluding the need to seek veterinary attention. The skin tent test for dehydration used in this study did not show a significant relationship with PCV or TP. However, the use of blood parameters to validate the skin tent test may be confounded by anaemia, hypoproteinaemia or electrolyte depletion. Alternative methods are needed to confirm or refute the validity of the skin tent test in working equids. |
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Department of Clinical Veterinary Science, University of Bristol, Langford, UK |
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0425-1644 |
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Notes |
PMID:16986604 |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
1784 |
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Author |
Farmer-Dougan, V.; Dougan, J. |
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Title |
The Man Who Listens To Behavior: Folk Wisdom And Behavior Analysis From A Real Horse Whisperer |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1999 |
Publication |
JOURNAL OF THE EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF BEHAVIOR |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Exp Anal Behav |
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Volume |
72 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
139-149 |
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Keywords |
positive reinforcement, aversive control, learned helplessness, language, biological constraints, |
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Abstract |
The popular novel and movie The Horse Whisperer are based on the work of several real-life horse
whisperers, the most famous of whom is Monty Roberts. Over the last 50 years, Roberts has developed
a technique for training horses that is both more effective and less aversive than traditional training
techniques. An analysis of Roberts` methods (as described in his book, The Man Who Listens to Horses)
indicates a deep understanding of behavioral principles including positive reinforcement, timeout,
species-specific defense reactions, learned helplessness, and the behavioral analysis of language.
Roberts developed his theory and techniques on the basis of personal experience and folk wisdom,
and not as the result of formal training in behavior analysis. Behavior analysts can clearly learn from
such insightful yet behaviorally incorrect practitioners, just as such practitioners can benefit from
the objective science of behavior analysts. |
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0022-5002 |
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Notes |
PMID:16812908 |
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Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
1829 |
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Author |
Meral, Y.; Cakiroglu, D.; Sancak, A.A.; Cyftcy, G.; Karabacak, A. |
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Title |
Relationships between serum serotonin and serum lipid levels, and aggression in horses |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2007 |
Publication |
DTW. Deutsche Tierarztliche Wochenschrift |
Abbreviated Journal |
Dtsch Tierarztl Wochenschr |
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Volume |
114 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
30-32 |
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Keywords |
*Aggression; Animals; Behavior, Animal/*physiology; Case-Control Studies; Female; Horses/*blood; Lipids/*blood; Male; Serotonin/*blood |
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Levels of serum serotonin and serum lipids--triglyceride, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein and very low-density lipoprotein, were determined in normal horses and horses diagnosed with aggression on the basis of a questionnaire survey. Blood serotonin levels in aggressive horses were found to be significantly lower than in non-aggressive horses (P < 0.01), but no association was found with respect to blood lipids. |
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Department of Internal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ondokuz Mayis, Samsun, Turkey. ymeral@omu.edu.t |
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0341-6593 |
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PMID:17252934 |
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Serial |
1835 |
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Author |
Peltzer, K.; Mabilu, M.G.; Mathoho, S.F.; Nekhwevha, A.P.; Sikhwivhilu, T.; Sinthumule, T.S. |
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Title |
Trauma history and severity of gambling involvement among horse-race gamblers in a South African gambling setting |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Psychological Reports |
Abbreviated Journal |
Psychol Rep |
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Volume |
99 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
472-476 |
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Keywords |
Adult; African Continental Ancestry Group/*psychology/statistics & numerical data; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Gambling/*psychology; Humans; *Life Change Events; Male; Middle Aged; Personality Inventory; Risk Factors; *Social Environment; Socioeconomic Factors; South Africa; Statistics; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/epidemiology/*psychology |
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The purpose of this study was to ascertain the frequency of gambling involvement and the prevalence of problem gambling among horse race gamblers and to discover whether problem gambling in this sample is associated with a history of trauma. Among a sample of 266 South African horse-race gamblers (94% men and 6% women, Mage 46.8 yr., SD = 13.9, range 18-85 years), 31.2% were classified as probable pathological gamblers and 19.9% with problem gambling. Major weekly gambling activities included racetrack betting (82%), purchase of lottery tickets or scratch tickets (35%), purchase of sports lottery tickets (23%), and using casino type games (18%). Trauma history was significantly associated with gambling severity. |
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Human Sciences Research Council, University of Limpopo, Pretoria, South Africa. KPeltzer@hsrc.ac.za |
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0033-2941 |
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PMID:17153816 |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
1850 |
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Author |
Jonsson, H.; Egenvall, A. |
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Title |
Prevalence of gastric ulceration in Swedish Standardbreds in race training |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Equine Veterinary Journal |
Abbreviated Journal |
Equine Vet J |
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Volume |
38 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
209-213 |
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Keywords |
Age Factors; Animal Feed; Animals; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Gastric Mucosa/pathology; Gastroscopy/methods/veterinary; Horse Diseases/*epidemiology/etiology/pathology; Horses; Male; Physical Conditioning, Animal/*adverse effects; Prevalence; Questionnaires; Severity of Illness Index; Sex Factors; Sports; Stomach Ulcer/epidemiology/etiology/pathology/*veterinary; Sweden/epidemiology |
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Abstract |
REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: There is little information about the prevalence of gastric ulcers in Standardbred trotters and potential correlations between ulcers and various traits, e.g. age, sex, performance, temperament and feeding regimens, need further elucidation. OBJECTIVES: The prevalence of ulcers in the gastric squamous mucosa of Swedish Standardbreds was estimated and the associations between ulcer score and age, sex, performance, temperament and feeding regimens were determined. METHODS: Eighty Swedish Standardbreds in active race training, trained by 9 different trainers, underwent gastroscopy. Information on age, gender, status of training, performance over the last 4 months compared with the trainer's expectations before that period, behaviour, eating habits, feed type, bedding type, time spent outdoors per day and medical treatment during the last month was collected. Gastroscopy was performed and lesions in the squamous gastric mucosa were scored from 0 to 4 (0 = no lesions; 4 = > 5 lesions with haemorrhage, > 10 lesions with no haemorrhage, or a large area of diffuse loss of surface epithelium). RESULTS: Twenty-four (30%) of the horses had no lesions in the squamous mucosa, 22 (27.5%) had a score of 1; 21 (26.2%) score 2; 9 (11.2%) score 3; and 4 (5%) score 4. Horses that were in preparatory training and those that had raced during the last month were significantly more affected than horses that were fit for racing but had not raced during the last month, using a logistic regression model with trainer incorporated as a random effect. CONCLUSIONS: The study confirmed a high prevalence of ulcers in the gastric squamous mucosa of Standardbreds in race training. Of the studied parameters only status of training showed a significant association with gastric ulcers of the squamous mucosa. POTENTIAL RELEVANCE: Gastric ulceration is a common disease and diagnosis should be made by endoscopic examination of the gastric mucosa, since parameters such as age, gender, performance, behaviour, eating habits provide only weak clues as to which horses might be affected. Further studies are needed to determine the aetiology of the syndrome and to find ways to reduce, if possible, the frequency of gastric ulcers. |
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ATG:s Hastsjukhus Farjestad, Norra Infarten 82, SE-654 65 Karlstad, Sweden |
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0425-1644 |
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Notes |
PMID:16706273 |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
1870 |
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Author |
Candura, S.M.; Verni, P.; Minelli, C.M.; Rosso, G.L.; Cappelli, M.I.; Strambi, S.; Martellosio, V. |
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Title |
[Occupational risks among public safety and security forces] |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Giornale Italiano di Medicina del Lavoro ed Ergonomia |
Abbreviated Journal |
G Ital Med Lav Ergon |
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Volume |
28 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
53-62 |
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Keywords |
Burnout, Professional/etiology; Climate; Health Education; Humans; *Law Enforcement; Noise/adverse effects; *Occupational Diseases/chemically induced/etiology/prevention & control; *Occupational Health; *Police; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/etiology; Stress, Psychological/etiology; Vibration/adverse effects |
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Abstract |
The present paper tries to identify the occupational risk factors (physical, chemical, biological, psychological), variable depending on jobs and tasks, to which the heterogeneous public safety/security workers are exposed. The fight against criminality and public order maintenance imply (sometimes fatal) traumatic risks, and expose to psychophysical and sensorial tiring, unfavourable macro- and microclimatic conditions, the risk of baropathy (air navigation, underwater activities), noise (generated by firearms and several other sources), vibrations and shakings (automatic weapons, transport vehicles), the risk of electric injury, ionizing (X and gamma rays) and non-inonizing (ultraviolet rays, microwaves and radiofrequencies, electromagnetic fields) radiations. Chemical hazards include carbon monoxide and other combustion products (fires, urban traffic), substances released in chemical accidents, tear gases, lead (firing grounds, metal works, environmental pollution), solvents, lubrificants and cutting oils (mechanic repair and maintenance), laboratory materials and reagents, irritant and/or sensitizing agents contained in gloves. The main biological risks are tetanus, blood-borne diseases (viral hepatitis, AIDS), aerogenous diseases (e.g., tuberculosis, Legionnaire's disease, epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis), dog- or horse-transmitted zoonosis. Finally, emotional, psychosomatic and behavioural stress-related disorders (e.g., burn-out syndrome, post-traumatic stress disorder) are typically frequent. The presence of numerous and diversified hazards among public safety/security forces imposes the adoption of occupational medicine measures, including risk assessment, health education, technical and environmental prevention, personal protective devices, sanitary surveillance and biological monitoring, clinical interventions (diagnosis, therapy and rehabilitation of occupational accidents and illnesses), prompt medico-legal evaluation of occupational-related compensation claims. |
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Scuola di Specializzazione in Medicina del Lavoro, Universita degli Studi di Pavia, Italy |
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Italian |
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Original Title |
Rischi professionali nelle Forze dell'Ordine |
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ISSN |
1592-7830 |
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Notes |
PMID:16705889 |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
1871 |
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