Stammbach, E. (1978). On Social Differentiation in Groups of Captive Female Hamadryas Baboons. Behaviour, 67(3-4), 322–338.
Abstract: The social differentiation in small groups of captive female hamadryas baboons was examined. Two positions could be distinguished: The highest ranking female, denoted as central individual, monopolized nearly all the presenting, mounting and grooming interactions. The lower ranking females, denoted as peripheral individuals, competed for access to the central female. All dyads of a group were arranged in a rank order according to the amount of sociopositive interaction which they reached within the group. This order of prevalence of dyads was positively correlated with the sum of dominance ranks of the dyad and the mutual attraction as estimated by choice tests. A multiple rank correlation demonstrated that the influence of the sum of ranks and of mutual attraction were nearly independent. If an individual's relationship to the central female had a higher rank of prevalence than that of its rival, it intervened more often and more successfully when the rival tried to interact with the central female. Interventions served to defend rather than to establish relationships. The results are compared with other studies that discuss basic principles governing structuring processes in nonhuman primate groups.
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Hinde, R. A. (1978). Dominance and role—two concepts with dual meanings. J. Soc. Biol. Struct., 1(1), 27–38.
Abstract: ‘Dominance’ and ‘role’ are used in the study of human and animal social structures. It is argued here that each of these concepts is useful in two logically distinct contexts. Dominance may refer to the pattern of imbalance of interactions within a dyadic relationship in so far as that pattern is consistent between dyads, or it may refer to an aspect of group structure, namely the extent to which the individuals can be ranked in terms of who bosses whom. There is no necessary reason why these two concepts of dominance should be related. Within any group the interactions within relationships may or may not show similar patterns of imbalance, and there may or may not be an hierarchy. Role may refer to the determinants of the behaviour of incumbents of certain positions in society, or to the consequences of their behaviour on the structure of the group. Determinants and consequences of the behaviour of incumbents may be related, but are not always so. Thus, to avoid confusion in the use of each of these concepts it is essential to define precisely the manner in which it is being used.
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Herron, M. A., Martin, J. E., & Joyce, J. R. (1978). Quantitative study of the decussating optic axons in the pony, cow, sheep, and pig. Am. J. Vet .Res., 39(7), 1137–9.
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Murphy, L. B. (1978). The practical problems of recognizing and measuring fear and exploration behaviour in the domestic fowl. Anim. Behav., 26, Part 2, 422–431.
Abstract: In studying behaviour supposedly motivated by fear or by exploration, consideration should be given to the biological functions of these two systems and to the ways in which the experimental environment may affect the performance of ‘natural’ responses. Extreme caution is needed in comparing the effectiveness of different stimuli and the amounts of fear or exploration represented by different responses. In particular, it should never be assumed when making such comparisons that the relative intensities of different stimuli and responses are constant.
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Coblentz, B. E. (1978). The effects of feral goats (Capra hircus) on island ecosystems. Biol Conserv, 13.
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Harris, F. (1978). On the Use of Windows for Harmonic Analysis with the Discrete Fourier Transform. Proc IEEE, 66.
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Zeeb, K., & Schnitzter, U. (1978). Equus caballus (Equidae) – Ruheverhalten, Hinlegen und Aufstehen. E.C., Film E 1620 des IWF Begleittext.
Abstract: Equus caballus (Equidae)-Behaviour at Rest, Lying down and Rising. The film shows the
behaviour at rest of the primitive horses of the Duke of Croy at DulmenNestphalia. With
the aid of several individual animals, complete relaxation, reclining and rising are shown.
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