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Author | Miller, G. | ||||
Title | Animal behavior. Signs of empathy seen in mice | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2006 | Publication | Science (New York, N.Y.) | Abbreviated Journal | Science |
Volume | 312 | Issue | 5782 | Pages | 1860-1861 |
Keywords | Altruism; Animals; Behavior, Animal; *Empathy; Formaldehyde/administration & dosage; Mice/*psychology; Motivation; Pain/*psychology; *Social Behavior | ||||
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Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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ISSN | 1095-9203 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | PMID:16809499 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 461 | ||
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Author | Lafleur, D.L.; Lozano, G.A.; Sclafani, M. | ||||
Title | Female mate-choice copying in guppies,Poecilia reticulata: a re-evaluation | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1997 | Publication | Animal Behaviour. | Abbreviated Journal | Anim. Behav. |
Volume | 54 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 579-586 |
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Abstract | It has been argued that intraspecific mate-choice copying can be adaptive under certain conditions. Dugatkin's (1992,Am. Nat.139, 1384-1389) work with guppies,Poecilia reticulataremains the most influential experimental demonstration of this phenomenon. We replicated Dugatkin's work using several choice criteria to ensure that our results were not dependent upon any single method of judging mate choice. We also tested our findings against two null hypotheses of differing stringency. Irrespective of the choice criteria or null hypothesis used, we did not observe any relationship between female mate choice and copying. We conclude that further experimental evidence of female mate-choice copying is required before the existence of this behaviour can be affirmed. | ||||
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Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 484 | ||
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Author | Godin, J.-G.J.; Herdman, E.J.E.; Dugatkin, L.A. | ||||
Title | Social influences on female mate choice in the guppy, Poecilia reticulata: generalized and repeatable trait-copying behaviour | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2005 | Publication | Animal Behaviour. | Abbreviated Journal | Anim. Behav. |
Volume | 69 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 999-1005 |
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Abstract | In vertebrates, the mating preferences of individual females can be flexible and the probability of a female mating with a particular male can be significantly increased by her having previously observed another conspecific female affiliate and mate with that same male. In theory, such mate-choice-copying behaviour has potentially important consequences for both the genetic and social (`cultural') transmission of female mating preferences. For copying to result in the `cultural inheritance' of mating preferences, individual females must not only copy the mate choice decisions of other females but they also should tend to repeat this type of behaviour (i.e. make similar mating decisions) subsequently and to generalize their socially induced preference for a particular male to other males that share his distinctive characteristics. Here, we show experimentally that individual female guppies, Poecilia reticulata, not only copy the observed mating preferences of other females for particular males, but that the preference now assumed via copying is subsequently repeated and generalized to other males of a similar colour phenotype. These results provide empirical evidence for social enhancement of female preference for particular phenotypic traits of chosen males rather than for the particular males possessing those traits, and thus have important implications for our understanding of the role of social learning in the evolution of female mating preferences and of male epigamic traits. | ||||
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Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 490 | ||
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Author | Godin, J.-G.J.; Dugatkin, L.A. | ||||
Title | Variability and repeatability of female mating preference in the guppy | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1995 | Publication | Animal Behaviour. | Abbreviated Journal | Anim. Behav. |
Volume | 49 | Issue | 6 | Pages | 1427-1433 |
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Abstract | Models of inter-sexual selection generally assume heritable variation in mating preferences among females within populations. However, little is known about the nature of such variation. The aim of this study was to characterize quantitatively the phenotypic variation in female preference for a sexually selected male trait, body colour pattern, within a population of the Trinidadian guppy, Poecilia reticulata. Significantly more female guppies preferred the more brightly coloured of two similar-sized males presented simultaneously as potential mates. Mating preference scores for individual females were significantly and positively correlated between two repeated trials on successive days. Females were thus individually consistent in their particular choice of mates, and the calculated repeatability of their mating preference was relatively high. Notwithstanding the aforementioned, significant variation existed among females in the degree of their preference for brightly coloured males. Individual mating preference scores were not normally distributed, but were rather skewed to the right (i.e. towards greater values). These results suggest that additive genetic variation for mating preferences based on male colour pattern is maintained, and the opportunity for the further evolution of both bright male colour patterns and female preference for this trait appears to exist in the study population from the Quare River, Trinidad. | ||||
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Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 492 | ||
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Author | Marinier, S.L.; Alexander, A.J.; Waring, G.H. | ||||
Title | Flehmen behaviour in the domestic horse: Discrimination of conspecific odours | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1988 | Publication | Applied Animal Behaviour Science | Abbreviated Journal | Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. |
Volume | 19 | Issue | 3-4 | Pages | 227-237 |
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Abstract | American Saddlebred horses were used to test the responses of domestic horses to the odours of conspecifics. In all cases the odours were tested in the absence of the donor animal. Thus the test animal's behavioural responses were concentrated on the olfactory stimuli, and possible interference from donor behaviour was eliminated. Stallions were significantly more responsive than mares and geldings. This was shown in both flehmen and sniffing behaviour to urine/vaginal secretions and in sniffing behaviour to faecal samples. Only stallions were used for subsequent tests. Stallions showed no significant differences in response to the odour of urine/vaginal secretions of an oestrus mare from that when she was not in season. Parameters used for analysis of data were frequency, latency and duration of flehmen as well as duration of responsiveness to samples. In testing for differences in odours between individual mares, two methods were used. The stallions differentiated between samples from individual mares. In some cases this differentiation was exhibited when the stallions were merely presented with the two samples in sequence. In other cases statistically significant differences in response to the odours were shown only by simultaneous presentation of the two samples to the test stallion. Parameters used for data analysis were frequency and duration of flehmen and duration of responsiveness. | ||||
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Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 507 | ||
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Author | Sharp, T.; Saunders, G. | ||||
Title | mustering of feral horses | Type | Manuscript | ||
Year | Publication | Ecology | Abbreviated Journal | ||
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Abstract | Background Feral horses (Equus caballus) can cause significant environmental damage and losses to rural industries. Although considered pests, feral horses are also a resource, providing products such as pet meat for the domestic market and meat for human consumption for the export market. Control methods include trapping, mustering exclusion fencing, ground shooting and shooting from helicopters. Feral horses are mustered by helicopter, motorbike or on horseback, sometimes with the assistance of coacher horses. Once mustered into yards, net traps or fenced paddocks, the horses are usually sold to abattoirs for slaughter which can offset the costs of capture and handling. Less commonly, they are sold as riding horses or relocated to reserves or horse sanctuaries. Where there is no market for them or where removal may be too costly or impractical e.g. in conservation areas or remote areas without access to transportation, horses are sometimes destroyed by shooting in the yards. This standard operating procedure (SOP) is a guide only; it does not replace or override the legislation that applies in the relevant State or Territory jurisdiction. The SOP should only be used subject to the applicable legal requirements (including OH&S) operating in the relevant jurisdiction. |
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Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 517 | ||
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Author | McLeod, P.G.; Huntingford, F.A. | ||||
Title | Social rank and predator inspection in sticklebacks | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1994 | Publication | Animal Behaviour. | Abbreviated Journal | Anim. Behav. |
Volume | 47 | Issue | 5 | Pages | 1238-1240 |
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Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 525 | ||
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Author | Amdam, G.V.; Csondes, A.; Fondrk, M.K.; Page, R.E.J. | ||||
Title | Complex social behaviour derived from maternal reproductive traits | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2006 | Publication | Nature | Abbreviated Journal | Nature |
Volume | 439 | Issue | 7072 | Pages | 76-78 |
Keywords | Aging/physiology; Animals; Bees/*physiology; *Evolution; Feeding Behavior/*physiology; Female; Infertility, Female; Maternal Behavior/*physiology; Ovary/physiology; Pollen/metabolism; Reproduction/*physiology; *Social Behavior | ||||
Abstract | A fundamental goal of sociobiology is to explain how complex social behaviour evolves, especially in social insects, the exemplars of social living. Although still the subject of much controversy, recent theoretical explanations have focused on the evolutionary origins of worker behaviour (assistance from daughters that remain in the nest and help their mother to reproduce) through expression of maternal care behaviour towards siblings. A key prediction of this evolutionary model is that traits involved in maternal care have been co-opted through heterochronous expression of maternal genes to result in sib-care, the hallmark of highly evolved social life in insects. A coupling of maternal behaviour to reproductive status evolved in solitary insects, and was a ready substrate for the evolution of worker-containing societies. Here we show that division of foraging labour among worker honey bees (Apis mellifera) is linked to the reproductive status of facultatively sterile females. We thereby identify the evolutionary origin of a widely expressed social-insect behavioural syndrome, and provide a direct demonstration of how variation in maternal reproductive traits gives rise to complex social behaviour in non-reproductive helpers. | ||||
Address | Arizona State University, School of Life Sciences, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA. Gro.Amdam@asu.edu | ||||
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Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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ISSN | 1476-4687 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | PMID:16397498 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 531 | ||
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Author | Proudman, C.; Pinchbeck, G.; Clegg, P.; French, N. | ||||
Title | Equine welfare: risk of horses falling in the Grand National | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2004 | Publication | Nature | Abbreviated Journal | Nature |
Volume | 428 | Issue | 6981 | Pages | 385-386 |
Keywords | Accidental Falls/prevention & control/*statistics & numerical data; Animal Welfare; Animals; Great Britain; Horse Diseases/prevention & control; Horses/*physiology; Odds Ratio; Risk Assessment; *Sports | ||||
Abstract | As in other competitive sports, the famous Grand National steeplechase, which is held at Aintree in the United Kingdom and is watched by 600 million people worldwide, sometimes results in injury. By analysing data from the past 15 Grand National races (consisting of 560 starts by horses), we are able to identify several factors that are significantly associated with failure to complete the race: no previous experience of the course and its unique obstacles, unfavourable ground conditions (too soft or too hard), a large number of runners, and the length of the odds ('starting price'). We also find that there is an increased risk of falling at the first fence and at the jump known as Becher's Brook, which has a ditch on the landing side. Our findings indicate ways in which the Grand National could be made safer for horses and illustrate how epidemiological analysis might contribute to preventing injury in competitive sport. | ||||
Address | Epidemiology Group, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Leahurst, Neston, Wirral CH64 7TE, UK. c.j.proudman@liverpool.ac.uk | ||||
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ISSN | 1476-4687 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | PMID:15042079 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 535 | ||
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Author | James, R.; Bennett, P.G.; Krause, J. | ||||
Title | Geometry for mutualistic and selfish herds: the limited domain of danger | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2004 | Publication | Journal of Theoretical Biology | Abbreviated Journal | J. Theor. Biol. |
Volume | 228 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 107-113 |
Keywords | Aggregation; Selfish herd; Limited domains | ||||
Abstract | We present a two-dimensional individual-based model of aggregation behaviour in animals by introducing the concept of a “limited domain of danger”, which represents either a limited detection range or a limited attack range of predators. The limited domain of danger provides a suitable framework for the analysis of individual movement rules under real-life conditions because it takes into account the predator's prey detection and capture abilities. For the first time, a single geometrical construct can be used to analyse the predation risk of both peripheral and central individuals in a group. Furthermore, our model provides a conceptual framework that can be equally applied to aggregation behaviour and refuge use and thus presents a conceptual advance on current theory that treats these antipredator behaviours separately. An analysis of individual movement rules using limited domains of danger showed that the time minimization strategy outcompetes the nearest neighbour strategy proposed by Hamilton's (J. Theor. Biol. 31 (1971) 295) selfish herd model, whereas a random strategy confers no benefit and can even be disadvantageous. The superior performance of the time minimization strategy highlights the importance of taking biological constraints, such as an animal's orientation relative to its neighbours, into account when searching for efficient movement rules underlying the aggregation process. | ||||
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Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 552 | ||
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