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| Author | Previc, F.H. | ||||
| Title | Thyroid hormone production in chimpanzees and humans: implications for the origins of human intelligence | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2002 | Publication | American Journal of Physical Anthropology | Abbreviated Journal | Am J Phys Anthropol |
| Volume | 118 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 402-3; discussion 404-5 |
| Keywords | Animals; Humans; *Intelligence; Pan troglodytes/*metabolism; Species Specificity; Thyroid Hormones/*biosynthesis | ||||
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| Address | Northrop Grumman Information Technology, San Antonio, Texas 78228, USA. fred.previc@brooks.af.mil | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | 0002-9483 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:12124921 | Approved  |
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| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4108 | ||
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| Author | Weiss, A.; King, J.E.; Figueredo, A.J. | ||||
| Title | The heritability of personality factors in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2000 | Publication | Behavior Genetics | Abbreviated Journal | Behav Genet |
| Volume | 30 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 213-221 |
| Keywords | Animals; Female; Humans; Male; Models, Genetic; Pan troglodytes/*genetics; Personality/*genetics; Social Environment | ||||
| Abstract | Human personality and behavior genetic studies have resulted in a growing consensus that five heritable factors account for most variance in human personality. Prior research showed that chimpanzee personality is composed of a dominance-related factor and five human-like factors--Surgency, Dependability, Emotional Stability, Agreeableness, and Openness. Genetic, shared zoo, and nonshared environmental variance components of the six factors were estimated by regressing squared phenotypic differences of all possible pairs of chimpanzees onto 1 – Rij, where Rij equals the degree of relationship and a variable indicating whether the pair was housed in the same zoo. Dominance showed significant narrow-sense heritability. Shared zoo effects accounted for only a negligible proportion of the variance for all factors. | ||||
| Address | Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson 85721, USA. aweiss@u.arizona.edu | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | 0001-8244 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:11105395 | Approved |
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| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4143 | ||
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| Author | Hirata, S. | ||||
| Title | A note on the responses of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) to live self-images on television monitors | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2007 | Publication | Behavioural Processes | Abbreviated Journal | Behav. Process. |
| Volume | 75 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 85-90 |
| Keywords | Animals; *Discrimination Learning; Female; Male; Pan troglodytes/*psychology; *Self Concept; Self Psychology; Social Behavior; Television | ||||
| Abstract | The majority of studies on self-recognition in animals have been conducted using a mirror as the test device; little is known, however, about the responses of non-human primates toward their own images in media other than mirrors. This study provides preliminary data on the reactions of 10 chimpanzees to live self-images projected on two television monitors, each connected to a different video camera. Chimpanzees could see live images of their own faces, which were approximately life-sized, on one monitor. On the other monitor, they could see live images of their whole body, which were approximately one-fifth life-size, viewed diagonally from behind. In addition, several objects were introduced into the test situation. Out of 10 chimpanzees tested, 2 individuals performed self-exploratory behaviors while watching their own images on the monitors. One of these two chimpanzees successively picked up two of the provided objects in front of a monitor, and watched the images of these objects on the monitor. The results indicate that these chimpanzees were able to immediately recognize live images of themselves or objects on the monitors, even though several features of these images differed from those of their previous experience with mirrors. | ||||
| Address | Great Ape Research Institute, Hayashibara Biochemical Laboratories Inc., Okayama, Japan. hirata@gari.be.to | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | 0376-6357 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:17324534 | Approved |
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| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4145 | ||
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| Author | Rumbaugh, D.M.; Riesen, A.H.; Wright, S.C. | ||||
| Title | Creative responsiveness to objects: a report of a pilot study with young apes | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1972 | Publication | Folia Primatologica; International Journal of Primatology | Abbreviated Journal | Folia Primatol (Basel) |
| Volume | 17 | Issue | 5 | Pages | 397-403 |
| Keywords | Animals; *Creativeness; *Hominidae; Pan troglodytes; Play and Playthings; *Problem Solving | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0015-5713 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:5082622 | Approved |
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| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4183 | ||
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| Author | Menzel, E.W.J. | ||||
| Title | Communication about the environment in a group of young chimpanzees | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1971 | Publication | Folia Primatologica; International Journal of Primatology | Abbreviated Journal | Folia Primatol (Basel) |
| Volume | 15 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 220-232 |
| Keywords | *Animal Communication; Animals; Environment; Fear; Leadership; *Pan troglodytes; Problem Solving; Social Behavior; Species Specificity; Vocalization, Animal | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | 0015-5713 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:5120654 | Approved |
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| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4184 | ||
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| Author | Reimers, M.; Schwarzenberger, F.; Preuschoft, S. | ||||
| Title | Rehabilitation of research chimpanzees: stress and coping after long-term isolation | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2007 | Publication | Hormones and Behavior | Abbreviated Journal | Horm Behav |
| Volume | 51 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 428-435 |
| Keywords | Adaptation, Psychological/*physiology; Animals; *Animals, Laboratory; Exploratory Behavior; Hydrocortisone/analysis/metabolism; Male; Models, Biological; *Pan troglodytes; Social Dominance; Social Environment; *Social Isolation/psychology; Stress/*rehabilitation/veterinary; Time | ||||
| Abstract | We report on the permanent retirement of chimpanzees from biomedical research and on resocialization after long-term social isolation. Our aim was to investigate to what extent behavioral and endocrine measures of stress in deprived laboratory chimpanzees can be improved by a more species-typical social life style. Personality in terms of novelty responses, social dominance after resocialization and hormonal stress susceptibility were affected by the onset of maternal separation of infant chimpanzees and duration of deprivation. Chimpanzees, who were separated from their mothers at a younger age and kept in isolation for more years appeared to be more timid personalities, less socially active, less dominant and more susceptible to stress, as compared to chimpanzees with a less severe deprivation history. However, permanent retirement from biomedical research in combination with therapeutic resocialization maximizing chimpanzees' situation control resulted in reduced fecal cortisol metabolite levels. Our results indicate that chimpanzees can recover from severe social deprivation, and may experience resocialization as less stressful than solitary housing. | ||||
| Address | Department of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinarplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria. reimers@wild-vet.at | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | 0018-506X | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:17292368 | Approved |
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| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4188 | ||
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| Author | Henson, S.M.; Dennis, B.; Hayward, J.L.; Cushing, J.M.; Galusha, J.G. | ||||
| Title | Predicting the dynamics of animal behaviour in field populations | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2007 | Publication | Animal Behaviour. | Abbreviated Journal | Anim. Behav. |
| Volume | 74 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 103-110 |
| Keywords | colony occupancy; differential equation; dynamic modelling; glaucous-winged gull; habitat ecology; Larus glaucescens; mathematical modelling; sleep; territory attendance | ||||
| Abstract | Many species show considerable variation in behaviour among individuals. We show that some behaviours are largely deterministic and predictable with mathematical models. We propose a general differential equation model of behaviour in field populations and use the methodology to explain and predict the dynamics of sleep and colony attendance in seabirds as a function of environmental factors. Our model explained over half the variability in the data to which it was fitted, and it predicted the dynamics of an independent data set. Differential equation models may provide new approaches to the study of behaviour in animals and humans. | ||||
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| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4206 | ||
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| Author | Uher, J.; Asendorpf, J.B.; Call, J. | ||||
| Title | Personality in the behaviour of great apes: temporal stability, cross-situational consistency and coherence in response | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2008 | Publication | Animal Behaviour. | Abbreviated Journal | Anim. Behav. |
| Volume | 75 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 99-112 |
| Keywords | behaviour prediction; bonobo; bottom-up approach; chimpanzee; gorilla; individual differences; orang-utan; personality; traits | ||||
| Abstract | Using a multidisciplinary approach, the present study complements ethological behaviour measurements with basic theoretical concepts, methods and approaches of the personality psychological trait paradigm. Its adoptability and usefulness for animal studies are tested exemplarily on a sample of 20 zoo-housed great apes (five of each of the following species): bonobos, Pan paniscus; chimpanzees, Pan troglodytes verus; gorillas, Gorilla gorilla gorilla; and orang-utans, Pongo pygmaeus abelii. Data on 76 single trait-relevant behaviours were recorded in a series of 14 laboratory-based situations and in two different group situations. Data collection was repeated completely after a break of 2 weeks within a 60-day period. All behaviour records were sufficiently reliable. Individual- and variable-oriented analyses showed high/substantial temporal stability on different levels of aggregation. Distinctive and stable individual situational and response profiles clarified the importance of situations and of multiple trait-relevant behaviours. The present study calls for a closer collaboration between behavioural biologists and personality psychologists to tap the full potential of animal personality research. | ||||
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| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4278 | ||
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| Author | Palagi, E. | ||||
| Title | Sharing the motivation to play: the use of signals in adult bonobos | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2008 | Publication | Animal Behaviour. | Abbreviated Journal | Anim. Behav. |
| Volume | 75 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 887-896 |
| Keywords | bonobo; full play face; Pan paniscus; play face; playful propensity; ritualization; social play; social tolerance; solitary play; visual communication | ||||
| Abstract | Gestures and facial displays are involved in regulating many aspects of mammal social life such as aggression, dominance-subordinate relationships, appeasement and play. Playful activity is an interesting behaviour for examining the role of signals as intentional communication systems. When animals play they perform patterns that are used in other serious contexts. To avoid miscommunication, many species have evolved signals to maintain a playful mood. Bonobos, Pan paniscus, with their flexible social relationships and playful propensity, may represent a good model species to test some hypotheses on adult play signalling. I analysed the potential roles of facial play expressions and solitary play in soliciting and regulating social play and found that adult bonobos used the play face (relaxed open-mouth display) in a selective manner. Play faces were more frequent during social than solitary play and, within social play, polyadic sessions (even though less frequent than dyadic sessions) were characterized by a higher frequency of signals. Following the rule of play intensity matching, play faces were more frequent when the two players matched in age and size (sessions among adults). Moreover, among dyads there was a positive correlation between the frequency of aggressive interactions performed and the frequency of play signals used, thus suggesting that signals are crucial in play negotiations among individuals showing high baseline levels of aggression. Finally, solitary play, especially when it involved pirouettes and somersaults, had an important role in triggering social play. | ||||
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| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4316 | ||
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| Author | Beck, B.B. | ||||
| Title | Chimpocentrism: Bias in cognitive ethology | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1982 | Publication | Journal of Human Evolution | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 11 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 3-17 |
| Keywords | herring gull; chimpanzee; cognition; tool-use; shell-dropping; mollusk; predation | ||||
| Abstract | Herring gulls drop hard-shelled mollusks and hermit crab-inhabited molluskan prey in order to break the shells and gain access to the edible interior. A field study of predatory shell dropping on Cape Cod, Massachusetts, U.S.A. showed that the gulls usually drop the same shell repeatedly, orient directly to dropping sites that are invisible from the point at which the mollusks are captured, drop preferentially on hard surfaces, adjust dropping heights to suit the area and elasticity of the substrate, orient directly into the wind while dropping, sever the large defensive cheliped of hermit crabs before consumption, and rinse prey that is difficult to swallow. Proficiency in prey dropping is acquired through dropping objects in play, trial-and-error learning, and perhaps, observation learning. Observable attributes of predatory shell-dropping support inferences that the gulls are capable of extended concentration, purposefulness, mental representation of spatially and temporally displaced environmental features, cognitive mapping, cognitive modeling, selectivity, and strategy formation. Identical cognitive processes have been inferred to underlie the most sophisticated forms of chimpanzee tool-use. Advanced cognitive capacities are not restricted to chimpanzees and other pongids, and are not associated uniquely with tool use. The chimpocentric bias should be abandoned, and reconstructions of the evolution of intelligence should be modified accordingly. |
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| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4414 | ||
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