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Author | De Pasquale, A.; Ingala, A.; Innella, G.; Luigiano, G.; Malara, L.; Panzera, M. | ||||
Title | The influence of the enriched environment on the reactivity of the precociously handled foals (Equus caballus L.). | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 2008 | Publication | IESM 2008 | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | Issue | Pages | |||
Keywords | Foal, Handling, Enriched environment, Reactivity. | ||||
Abstract | In a preliminary study, we evaluated the effect of precocious handling (at birth, 10, 30 and 60 days) and enriched environment on foal. Two experimental groups were created: - 3 foals not handled and stabled in semi-enriched environment (Group A). - 6 foals handled and stabled in an enriched environment (Group B). All nine foals were tested with a novel object test (umbrella) at three months of age, to assess the Heart Rate (HR) values measured by a telemetric heart rate monitor (Polar Horse Trainer), during opening, touching and closing of the umbrella. The statistical analysis carried out by means of the Mann-Whitney test showed lower HR values of the foals of group B (P<0.05). Furthermore we have investigated 10 foals born between 2006 and 2008 to study the influence of enriched environment and precocious handling on behavioural responsiveness. The foals were housed on a farm which ensured an enriched environment and made social intra and interspecific interactions easier, alias autoshaping. They were submitted to: - Handling within 24 hours from birth. - Handling and reactivity test (arena test) executed at 10, 30 and 60 days. The temporal correlation was studied among ages and baseline HR values, using the Spearman"s test, to assess the beginning of neurovegetative HR control. In fact statistically significant differences were obtained (r = -0.431; P<0,02). Temporal values of obtained HR baseline, using the Wilcoxon test, showed lower values at 60 days. The comparison was significant among mean and max baseline HR values of 30 vs 60 and 10 vs 60 (P<0.05), while no differences were observed during the reactivity test. This shows that adequate conditions of management associated to a precocious and continuous handling allow the foals to maintain their natural investigative behaviour disappearing fear and flight reactions. |
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Address | Dept. of Experimental Sciences and Applied Biotechnologies, Unit of Applied Physiology and Comparative Ethology , Faculty of Veterinary Medicine – University of Messina, Italy. | ||||
Corporate Author | De Pasquale, A | Thesis | |||
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Area | Expedition | Conference | IESM 2008 | ||
Notes | Talk 15 min IESM 2008 | Approved ![]() |
yes | ||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4486 | ||
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Author | Malara, L.; De Pasquale, A.; Ingala, A.; Innella, G. | ||||
Title | The influence of management on horse behavioural reactivity in therapeutic riding programs. | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 2008 | Publication | IESM 2008 | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | Issue | Pages | |||
Keywords | Management; Horses; Therapeutic Riding; Behaviour; Reactivity | ||||
Abstract | We investigated 8 horses in five therapeutic riding centres situated in San Cataldo (Caltanissetta – I), Nicosia (Catania – II), Pellaro (Reggio Calabria – III), San Gregorio (Catania – IV), Niguarda Hospitals (Milan – V). The managements of the animals were of different typologies: Type 1, Type 2 and Type 3. In type 1 the horses were used for therapeutic riding only. Furthermore intra and interspecific social interactions were not allowed. In type 2 the horses played kinetic activities and made social interactions. In type 3 the horses were free in paddock, as intra and interspecific social interactions were allowed. The centre I, with a management of type 1, housed 1 horse (A1); the centre II, with a management of type 2, housed 1 horse (B2); the centre III, with a management of type 1, housed 1 horse (C1); the centre IV, with a management of type 2, housed 2 horses (D2 and E2); the centre V, with a management of type 3, housed 3 horses (F3, G3 and H3). Breeds of horses were: Anglo-Arab (n°1), Avelignese (n°3), Italian Selle (n°3), draught-horse crossbreed (n°1). They were 2 geldings and 6 females. Their ages ranged from 12 to 23 years. We observed a total of 64 patients affected by different pathologies: autism, motory handicap, blindness and deafness, children“s cerebral paralysis, relational problems, mental deficiency, Down”s syndrome. The horses“ behaviour was observed at rest and during therapeutic activities with these patients. The Heart Rate (HR) was used as physiological parameter for an ethological evaluation, measured by a telemetric heart rate monitor (Polar Horse Trainer). Horses were analysed with a reactivity test for emotional homeostasis evaluation, too. Heart rate values were studied with non parametrical statistical analysis methods. Distinct management typologies provided statistically different basal mean values of heart rate (intergroup and intragroup): Type 1 vs Type 2 (P~0.05) and Type 1 vs Type 3 (P<0.05). The comparison of heart rate during therapeutic activities of diverse management showed the following results: A1 vs B2 (P<0.05), B2 vs C1 (P<0.05), Type 1 vs Type 2 (P<0.01). Different managements, both in the same or different typologies, gave significantly diverse results (A1 vs E2: P~0.05; C1 vs E2: P~0.05; B2 vs E2: P~0.05). This study shows that the statistic differences obtained by therapies with autistic patients derive from management conditions of Type 1. In reactivity test there aren”t any significant differences among the three management typologies. However, we recorded strong variation between medium and maximum values of heart rate, especially in Type 1 and Type 2 of management. These high variations of heart rate indicated fear reaction of the horse to new stimuli. This reaction could lead to dangerous accidents for patients during therapeutic activities. Horses used in therapeutic riding programs must be evaluated before this employment. Horse's behaviour can be assessed by an ethological observation and a reactivity test. Furthermore, the horses must be guaranteed welfare conditions and must live in an environment enriched with sensorial stimuli and respectful of their physiological and ethological needs. |
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Address | Dept. of Experimental Sciences and Applied Biotechnologies, Unit of Applied Physiology and Comparative Ethology , Faculty of Veterinary Medicine – University of Messina, Italy. | ||||
Corporate Author | Innella, G. | Thesis | |||
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ISSN | ISBN | Medium | |||
Area | Expedition | Conference | IESM 2008 | ||
Notes | Poster IESM 2008 | Approved ![]() |
yes | ||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4491 | ||
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Author | Gorecka, A.; Golonka, M.; Chruszczewski, M.; Jezierski, T. | ||||
Title | A note on behaviour and heart rate in horses differing in facial hair whorl | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2007 | Publication | Applied Animal Behaviour Science | Abbreviated Journal | Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. |
Volume | 105 | Issue | 1-3 | Pages | 244-248 |
Keywords | Horse; Hair whorls; Behavioural tests; Reactivity; Heart rate | ||||
Abstract | The relationship between facial hair whorl position and reactivity, as assessed by behavioural measures (handling score = HS; startle reaction to a suddenly appearing novel object = SR; latency to touch a novel object = LNO) and heart rate measures (mean HR; increase in heart rate = IHR) were studied using 55 Konik horses reared either under conventional stable conditions or in the forest reserve. Horses were classified into four groups according to the whorl position and/or shape: (1) high, single whorl above the top eye line, n = 9; (2) medium, single whorl between the top and the bottom eye line, n = 30; (3) low, single whorl below the bottom eye line, n = 10; and (4) elongated or double whorl, n = 6. Horses with a high whorl position demonstrated a lesser degree of manageability as expressed by a lower HS compared to individuals with medium (P = 0.002) or low whorl positions (P = 0.016). Horses with different whorl positions did not differ significantly in their startle response to a suddenly appearing novel object (P = 0.685). The horses with an elongated or double whorl, which appeared only in the forest group, took significantly longer to approach the novel object than horses with medium (P = 0.006) or low (P = 0.005) whorl positions. No significant differences in mean HR and IHR between groups (HR: P = 0.629 and IHR: P = 0.214) were found. In conclusion, this study supports the relationship between the position of the hair whorl on the horses' head and their manageability during handling, as well as the latency to approach an unknown object. | ||||
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Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 460 | ||
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Author | Shaw, E.B.; Houpt, K.A.; Holmes, D.F. | ||||
Title | Body temperature and behaviour of mares during the last two weeks of pregnancy | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1988 | Publication | Equine veterinary journal | Abbreviated Journal | Equine Vet J |
Volume | 20 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 199-202 |
Keywords | Animals; *Behavior, Animal; *Body Temperature; Circadian Rhythm; Eating; Female; Horses/*physiology; Labor, Obstetric/*physiology; Motor Activity; Pregnancy; Pregnancy, Animal/*physiology | ||||
Abstract | Average daily core body temperature and behavioural patterns of pregnant mares were studied, in search of definitive signs of parturition within 24 h of the event. Nineteen pony mares were sampled twice daily for core body temperature. A significant temperature drop, averaging 0.1 degrees C (0.2 degrees F) was observed during the day prior to parturition. Between 18.00 h and 06.00 h, during the two weeks before parturition, Thoroughbred and Standardbred mares (n = 52) spent an average 66.8 per cent of their time standing, 27.0 per cent eating, 4.9 per cent lying in sternal recumbency, 1.0 per cent lying in lateral recumbency, and 0.3 per cent walking. On the night before parturition, mares spent significantly less time lying in sternal recumbency than on previous nights and on the night of parturition all behaviour patterns except eating were significantly different from the nights of the two weeks before parturition. There was an increase in walking (5.3 per cent), lying in sternal recumbency (8 per cent) and lying in lateral recumbency (5.3 per cent) whereas standing (53.3 per cent) was decreased. In 58 observed pregnancies, 54 mares (97 per cent) foaled in a recumbent position and 50 mares (86 per cent) foaled between 18.00 h and 06.00 h. | ||||
Address | Department of Physiology, New York State College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca 14853 | ||||
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Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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ISSN | 0425-1644 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | PMID:3402416 | Approved ![]() |
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Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 46 | ||
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Author | Zentall, S.S.; Zentall, T.R. | ||||
Title | Hyperactivity ratings: statistical regression provides an insufficient explanation of practice effects | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1986 | Publication | Journal of pediatric psychology | Abbreviated Journal | J Pediatr Psychol |
Volume | 11 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 393-396 |
Keywords | Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/*diagnosis; Child; Humans; Male; *Practice (Psychology); *Statistics | ||||
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ISSN | 0146-8693 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | PMID:3772683 | Approved ![]() |
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Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 261 | ||
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Author | Zentall, S.S.; Zentall, T.R. | ||||
Title | Optimal stimulation: a model of disordered activity and performance in normal and deviant children | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1983 | Publication | Psychological bulletin | Abbreviated Journal | Psychol Bull |
Volume | 94 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 446-471 |
Keywords | *Arousal; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/*psychology; Autistic Disorder/*psychology; Behavior Therapy; Child; Humans | ||||
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Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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ISSN | 0033-2909 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | PMID:6657825 | Approved ![]() |
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Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 264 | ||
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Author | Shettleworth, S.J. | ||||
Title | Stimulus relevance in the control of drinking and conditioned fear responses in domestic chicks (Gallus gallus) | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1972 | Publication | Journal of comparative and physiological psychology | Abbreviated Journal | J Comp Physiol Psychol |
Volume | 80 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 175-198 |
Keywords | Acoustic Stimulation; Animals; Auditory Perception; Chickens; *Conditioning (Psychology); Conditioning, Classical; Discrimination Learning; *Drinking Behavior; Electroshock; *Fear; *Light; Motor Activity; Photic Stimulation; Punishment; Quinine; *Sound; Taste; Visual Perception | ||||
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ISSN | 0021-9940 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | PMID:5047826 | Approved ![]() |
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Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 390 | ||
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Author | Viscido, S.V.; Miller, M.; Wethey, D.S. | ||||
Title | The dilemma of the selfish herd: the search for a realistic movement rule | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2002 | Publication | Journal of theoretical biology | Abbreviated Journal | J. Theor. Biol. |
Volume | 217 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 183-194 |
Keywords | Animals; *Behavior, Animal; *Mass Behavior; Models, Biological; *Motor Activity; Predatory Behavior | ||||
Abstract | The selfish herd hypothesis predicts that aggregations form because individuals move toward one another to minimize their own predation risk. The “dilemma of the selfish herd” is that movement rules that are easy for individuals to follow, fail to produce true aggregations, while rules that produce aggregations require individual behavior so complex that one may doubt most animals can follow them. If natural selection at the individual level is responsible for herding behavior, a solution to the dilemma must exist. Using computer simulations, we examined four different movement rules. Relative predation risk was different for all four movement rules (p<0.05). We defined three criteria for measuring the quality of a movement rule. A good movement rule should (a) be statistically likely to benefit an individual that follows it, (b) be something we can imagine most animals are capable of following, and (c) result in a centrally compact flock. The local crowded horizon rule, which allowed individuals to take the positions of many flock-mates into account, but decreased the influence of flock-mates with distance, best satisfied these criteria. The local crowded horizon rule was very sensitive to the animal's perceptive ability. Therefore, the animal's ability to detect its neighbors is an important factor in the dynamics of group formation. | ||||
Address | Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA. viscido@u.washington.edu | ||||
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ISSN | 0022-5193 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | PMID:12202112 | Approved ![]() |
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Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 554 | ||
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Author | Boyd, L. | ||||
Title | Behavior problems of equids in zoos | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1986 | Publication | The Veterinary clinics of North America. Equine practice | Abbreviated Journal | Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract |
Volume | 2 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 653-664 |
Keywords | Aerophagy/veterinary; Aggression/psychology; Animals; *Animals, Zoo; *Behavior, Animal; Coprophagia/psychology; Female; *Horses; Impotence/veterinary; Male; Mastication; Motor Activity; *Perissodactyla; Pregnancy; Sexual Behavior, Animal; Social Environment | ||||
Abstract | Behavior problems in zoo equids commonly result from a failure to provide for needs basic to equine nature. Equids are gregarious, and failure to provide companions may result in pacing. Wild equids spend 60 to 70 per cent of their time grazing, and failure to provide ad libitum roughage contributes to the problems of pacing, cribbing, wood chewing, and coprophagia. Mimicking the normal processes of juvenile dispersal, bachelor-herd formation, and mate acquisition reduces the likelihood of agonistic and reproductive behavior problems. Infanticide can be avoided by introducing new stallions to herds containing only nonpregnant mares and older foals. | ||||
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ISSN | 0749-0739 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | PMID:3492252 | Approved ![]() |
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Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 660 | ||
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Author | Dyer, F.C. | ||||
Title | Animal behaviour: when it pays to waggle | Type | |||
Year | 2002 | Publication | Nature | Abbreviated Journal | Nature |
Volume | 419 | Issue | 6910 | Pages | 885-886 |
Keywords | *Animal Communication; Animals; Bees/*physiology; California; Dancing/physiology; Environment; Evolution; Female; Flowers/chemistry; *Food; Gravitation; Lighting; Motor Activity/*physiology; Odors; Seasons; Sunlight | ||||
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ISSN | 0028-0836 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | PMID:12410290 | Approved ![]() |
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Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 769 | ||
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