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Author | Bourjade, M.; Thierry, B.; Maumy, M.; Petit, O. | ||||
Title | Decision-making in Przewalski horses (Equus ferus przewalskii) is driven by the ecological contexts of collective movements | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2009 | Publication | Ethology | Abbreviated Journal | Ethology |
Volume | 115 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 321-330 |
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Abstract | We addressed decision-making processes in the collective movements of two groups of Przewalski horses (Equus ferus przewalskii) living in a semi free-ranging population. We investigated whether different patterns of group movement are related to certain ecological contexts (habitat use and group activity) and analysed the possible decision-making processes involved. We found two distinct patterns; ‘single-bout’ and ‘multiplebout’ movements occurred in both study groups. The movements were defined by the occurrence of collective stops between bouts and differed by their duration, distance covered and ecological context. For both movements, we found that a preliminary period involving several horses occurred before departure. In single-bout movements, all group members rapidly joined the first moving horse, independently of the preliminary period. In multiple-bout movements, however, the joining process was longer; in particular when the number of decision-makers and their pre-departure behaviour before departure increased. Multiplebout movements were more often used by horses to switch habitats and activities. This observation demonstrates that the horses need more time to resolve motivational conflicts before these departures. We conclude that decision-making in Przewalski horses is based on a shared consensus process driven by ecological determinants. |
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Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4801 | ||
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Author | Hinz, K.; Sennet, S.; Maros, K.; Krueger, K. | ||||
Title | Waiting behaviour in front of a computerized feeding system in an active stable – Effects on heart rate, heart rate variability and sensory laterality in horses | Type | Book Chapter | ||
Year | 2015 | Publication | Current research in applied ethology [Aktuelle Arbeiten zur artgemäßen Tierhaltung | Abbreviated Journal | |
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Keywords | computerized feeding, waiting situation, stress, horse | ||||
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Publisher | KTBL-Schrift 510 | Place of Publication | Darmstadt | Editor | |
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ISSN | ISBN | 978-3-945088-13-5 | Medium | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5927 | ||
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Author | Fraser, N.O.; Schino,G.; Aureli, F.F | ||||
Title | Components of Relationship Quality in Chimpanzees | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2008 | Publication | Ethology | Abbreviated Journal | Ethology |
Volume | 114 | Issue | 9 | Pages | 834-843 |
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Abstract | A novel approach to studying social relationships in captive adult chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) was taken by using principal components analysis (PCA) to extract three key components of relationship quality from nine behavioural variables. Based on the loadings of the behavioural variables, the components appeared to match previously hypothesized critical aspects of social relationships and were therefore labelled Value, Compatibility and Security. The effects of kinship, sex combination, age difference and time spent together on each of the relationship quality components were analysed. As expected, kin were found to have more valuable, compatible and secure relationships than non-kin. Female2013female dyads were found to be more compatible than male2013male or mixed-sex dyads, whereas the latter were found to be most secure. Partners of a similar age were found to have more secure and more valuable relationships than those with a larger age gap. Individuals that were together in the group for longer were more valuable and more compatible, but their relationships were found to be less secure than individuals that were together in the group for a shorter time. Although some of the results may be unexpected based on chimpanzee socio-ecology, they fit well overall with the history and social dynamics of the study group. The methods used confer a significant advantage in producing quantitative composite measures of each component of relationship quality, obtained in an objective manner. These findings therefore promote the use of such measures in future studies requiring an assessment of the qualities of dyadic social relationships. | ||||
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Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4936 | ||
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Author | Wolff, A.; Hausberger, M. | ||||
Title | Behaviour of foals before weaning may have some genetic basis | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1994 | Publication | Ethology | Abbreviated Journal | Ethology |
Volume | 96 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 1-10 |
Keywords | Locomotion; Suckling; Social behavior; Foraging behavior; Exploratory behavior; Interindividual comparison; Young animal; Genetic inheritance; Captivity; Social interaction; Feeding behavior; Perissodactyla; Ungulata; Mammalia; Vertebrata | ||||
Abstract | In this preliminary study on foal behaviour, 13 French saddlebred foals (2-3 mo old) and their dams were observed on pasture. The most important findings are the interindividual quantitative differences in foal behaviour patterns as well as in the amount of mainly foal-initiated time spent at given distances from their mares. Interindividual differences seem in part due to a sire effect | ||||
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Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5022 | ||
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Author | Fucikova, E.; Drent, P. J.; Smits,N.; van Oers, K. | ||||
Title | Handling Stress as a Measurement of Personality in Great Tit Nestlings (Parus major) | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2009 | Publication | Ethology | Abbreviated Journal | Ethology |
Volume | 115 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 366 - 374 |
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Abstract | nterest in personality is growing in a wide range of disciplines, but only in a few systems it is possible to assess the survival value of personality. Field studies looking at the relationship between personality and survival value early in life are greatly hampered by the fact that personality can at present only be assessed after individuals become independent from their parents. In passerines, for example, this is often after a period of intensive selection for the survival on fledglings. The main aim of this study is therefore to develop a method to measure personality before this period of selection. For this purpose, we developed the handling stress (HS) test. We measured HS in 14-d-old great tit nestlings by counting the number of breast movements (breath rate) in four subsequent 15-s bouts for 1 min; before and after they were socially isolated from their siblings for 15 min. To calculate the repeatability of HS, we repeated the test 6 mo later. To assess the relationship between HS and exploratory behaviour, we correlated the outcome of both tests. We ran tests both on birds of lines selected for extreme personality and on wild birds from a natural population. We found that birds selected for fast exploration reacted more to HS compared with birds selected for slow exploration and that HS was repeatable in different life phases. We confirmed this by finding an increase in the HS with increasing exploratory scores in wild birds. These results show that we can use the HS test as a measurement of personality, making it a potential tool for studying the relationship between personality and survival value early in life. | ||||
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Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5072 | ||
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Author | Heitor, F.; Vicente, L. | ||||
Title | Dominance relationships and patterns of aggression in a bachelor group of Sorraia horses (Equus caballus) | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2010 | Publication | Journal of Ethology | Abbreviated Journal | J. Ethol. |
Volume | 28 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 35-44 |
Keywords | Horse – Equus – Dominance relationship – Rank – Agonistic interaction | ||||
Abstract | Abstract The influence of individual factors on dominance rank and the relationship between rank distance and patterns of aggression predicted by models of evolutionarily stable strategies (ESS) of animal conflict were investigated in a managed bachelor group of Sorraia horses, Equus caballus. The group was composed of four to six stallions 3- to 12-years-old during the study period. The dominance hierarchy was significantly linear and rank was not related to age, weight, height or aggressiveness. Frequency and intensity of agonistic interactions were low, but higher-ranking stallions did not receive lower aggressiveness than lower-ranking stallions. There was some evidence that dominance relationships were more contested among close-ranking stallions, as predicted. Agonistic-related interactions among close-ranking stallions served similar functions to those among distant-ranking stallions, but the latter interacted more frequently than expected for access to resting sites and/or resting partners. Therefore, we found some evidence that agonistic-related interactions among distant-ranking stallions play a larger role in providing access to valuable and defendable resources than those among close-ranking stallions. Nevertheless, the fact that space to escape from aggression was limited and breeding access was independent from dominance rank may have reduced the benefits relative to costs of aggression and therefore limited the occurrence of contests over dominance and resources. | ||||
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Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5099 | ||
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Author | Heitor, F.; Vicente, L. | ||||
Title | Affiliative relationships among Sorraia mares: influence of age, dominance, kinship and reproductive state | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2010 | Publication | Journal of Ethology | Abbreviated Journal | J. Ethol. |
Volume | 28 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 133-140 |
Keywords | Sorraia horse – Affiliative relationship – Dominance – Kinship – Reproductive state | ||||
Abstract | Abstract Affiliative relationships among mares were examined in a managed group of Sorraia horses, Equus caballus, over a 3-year period. We assessed the influence of age, dominance, kinship and reproductive state on the strength of affiliative relationships and diversity of partners. The herd comprised 9–11 mares that had known each other since birth, their foals and a stallion that remained in the group exclusively during the breeding season. In contrast to a previous study, kinship did not significantly affect bonds. Mares tended to spend more time in proximity to those in the same reproductive state. Affiliative relationships among mares were relatively stable but their strength decreased after foaling, possibly as a function of foal protection and bonding between dam and foal. There was no consistent evidence that mares disengaged from affiliative relationships with increasing age. As expected, dominant mares and barren mares contributed the most to affiliative relationships. Dominance rank increased with age, but dominance relationships were stable and did not change after foaling. Overall, reproductive state was the factor that had the most consistent influence on affiliative relationships among Sorraia mares. | ||||
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Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5100 | ||
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Author | Bamford, A.J.; Monadjem, A.; Hardy, I.C.W. | ||||
Title | Associations of Avian Facial Flushing and Skin Colouration with Agonistic Interaction Outcomes | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2010 | Publication | Ethology | Abbreviated Journal | Ethology |
Volume | Issue | Pages | no-no | ||
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Abstract | Abstract Facial flushing, a colour change caused by variation of blood flow through highly vascularized skin, has been observed in taxonomically diverse bird species but the function of the behaviour has not been assessed. Lappet-faced vultures, Aegypius tracheliotos, have unfeathered heads that can rapidly flush from pink to dark red, and this has been hypothesized to indicate contest ability in vulture gatherings. We show that adults with flushed heads won most interactions against those with pale heads. A previously unnoticed colour variation of the throat, visible only when the head is flushed, was also related to the outcome of interactions: blue-throated adults participated in, and won, more interactions than red-throated adults. We suggest that the non-fixed groups of which lappet-faced vulture populations consist promote the evolution of signals of dominance that can be adjusted extremely rapidly. | ||||
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Publisher | Blackwell Publishing Ltd | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
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ISSN | 1439-0310 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5180 | ||
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Author | Collier, T.C.; Blumstein, D.T.; Girod, L.; Taylor, C.E. | ||||
Title | Is Alarm Calling Risky? Marmots Avoid Calling from Risky Places | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2010 | Publication | Ethology | Abbreviated Journal | Ethology |
Volume | Issue | Pages | no-no | ||
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Abstract | Abstract Alarm calling is common in many species. A prevalent assumption is that calling puts the vocalizing individual at increased risk of predation. If calling is indeed costly, we need special explanations for its evolution and maintenance. In some, but not all species, callers vocalize away from safety and thus may be exposed to an increased risk of predation. However, for species that emit bouts with one or a few calls, it is often difficult to identify the caller and find the precise location where a call was produced. We analyzed the spatial dynamics of yellow-bellied marmot (Marmota flaviventris) alarm calling using an acoustic localization system to determine the location from where calls were emitted. Marmots almost always called from positions close to the safety of their burrows, and, if they produced more than one alarm call, tended to end their calling bouts closer to safety than they started them. These results suggest that for this species, potential increased predation risk from alarm calling is greatly mitigated and indeed calling may have limited predation costs. | ||||
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Publisher | Blackwell Publishing Ltd | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
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ISSN | 1439-0310 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5181 | ||
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Author | Martín, J.; López, P.; Bonati, B.; Csermely, D. | ||||
Title | Lateralization When Monitoring Predators in the Wild: A Left Eye Control in the Common Wall Lizard (Podarcis muralis) | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2010 | Publication | Ethology | Abbreviated Journal | Ethology |
Volume | Issue | Pages | no-no | ||
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Abstract | Abstract Lateralization is the function specialization between left and right brain hemispheres. It is now ascertained in ectotherms too, where bias in eye use for different tasks, i.e., visual lateralization, is widespread. The lateral eye position on the head of ectotherm animals, in fact, allows them to observe left/right stimuli independently and allows lateralized individuals to carry out left and right perceived tasks at the same time. A recent study conducted on common wall lizards, Podarcis muralis, showed that lizards predominantly monitor a predator with the left eye while escaping. However, this work was conducted in a controlled laboratory setting owing to the difficulty of carrying out lateralization experiments under natural conditions. Nevertheless, field studies could provide important information to support what was previously found in the laboratory and demonstrate that these traits occur in nature. In this study, we conducted a field study on the antipredatory behavior of P. muralis lizards. We simulated predatory attacks on lizards in their natural environment. We found no lateralization in the measure of eye used by the lizard to monitor the predator before escaping from it, but the eye used was probably determined by the relative position of the lizard and the predator just before the attack. This first eye used did not affect escape decisions; lizards chose to escape toward the nearest refuge irrespective of whether it was located to the lizard’s left or right side. However, once they had escaped to a refuge, lizards had a left eye–mediated bias to monitor the predator when first emerging from the refuge, and this bias was likely independent of other environmental variables. Hence, these field findings support a left eye–mediated observation of the predator in P. muralis lizards, which confirms previous findings in this and other species. | ||||
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Publisher | Blackwell Publishing Ltd | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
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ISSN | 1439-0310 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5182 | ||
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