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| Author | Gramkow, H.L.; Evans, D.L. | ||||
| Title | Correlation of race earnings with velocity at maximal heart rate during a field exercise test in thoroughbred racehorses | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2006 | Publication | Equine Veterinary Journal. Supplement | Abbreviated Journal | Equine Vet J Suppl |
| Volume | Issue | 36 | Pages | 118-122 | |
| Keywords | Animals; Exercise Test/veterinary; Female; Geographic Information Systems; Heart Rate/*physiology; Horses/*physiology; Linear Models; Male; Oxygen Consumption/*physiology; Physical Conditioning, Animal/*economics/*physiology; Physical Fitness/physiology; Running; Sports/economics | ||||
| Abstract | REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Running ability of Thoroughbred racehorses is correlated with maximal oxygen uptake, and the velocity at maximal oxygen uptake is highly correlated with the velocity at maximal heart rate (VHRmax). OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between VHRmax and racing performance, expressed as 'peak dollars earned per race start'. METHODS: Heart rate (HR) and velocity were recorded in 25 Thoroughbred racehorses during trotting and subsequent fast gallops in the field at velocities of 15-16 m/sec. Velocity was recorded by a global positioning system (GPS). Maximal HR (HRmax) and maximal velocity (Vmax) were identified, and a linear regression of HR on velocity for trotting and galloping data was constructed to derive VHRmax. Horses followed the training programme designed by one trainer, had at least 6 race starts and were clinically sound at the time of testing. Race earnings were expressed as the peak dollars per start in the horse's race career. Data were normalised using the results for the square root of 'peak dollars earned per race start' and the significance of associations between variables was determined by correlation coefficient and least square analyses. RESULTS: Horses with higher VHRmax earned significantly more dollars per race start (r = 0.41, P<0.05), and horses with VHRmax less than 14.5 m/sec had mean earnings of less than A$2500 per race. There were no correlations between race earnings and either HRmax or Vmax. CONCLUSION: Field studies of the relationship between HR and velocity with a GPS enable identification of horses with limited earnings. POTENTIAL RELEVANCE: This study demonstrates that a field test of fitness of Thoroughbred racehorses that correlates with retrospective racing ability is feasible. The technique has potential application in commercial training environments assisting with decisions concerning racing careers of individual racehorses. | ||||
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Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:17402405 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4012 | ||
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| Author | Hodgson, D.; Howe, S.; Jeffcott, L.; Reid, S.; Mellor, D.; Higgins, A. | ||||
| Title | Effect of prolonged use of altrenogest on behaviour in mares | Type | |||
| Year | 2005 | Publication | Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997) | Abbreviated Journal | Vet J |
| Volume | 169 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 113-115 |
| Keywords | Administration, Oral; Anabolic Agents/adverse effects/*pharmacology; Animals; Behavior, Animal/*drug effects; Body Constitution/drug effects; Body Weight/drug effects; *Doping in Sports; Female; Horses/*physiology; Social Behavior; Social Dominance; Time Factors; Trenbolone/adverse effects/*analogs & derivatives/*pharmacology | ||||
| Abstract | Erratum in: Vet J. 2005 May;169(3):321. Corrected and republished in: Vet J. 2005 May;169(3):322-5. Oral administration of altrenogest for oestrus suppression in competition horses is believed to be widespread in some equestrian disciplines, and can be administered continuously for several months during a competition season. To examine whether altrenogest has any anabolic or other potential performance enhancing properties that may give a horse an unfair advantage, we examined the effect of oral altrenogest (0.044 mg/kg), given daily for a period of eight weeks, on social hierarchy, activity budget, body-mass and body condition score of 12 sedentary mares. We concluded that prolonged oral administration of altrenogest at recommended dose rates to sedentary mares resulted in no effect on dominance hierarchies, body mass or condition score. |
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| Address |
Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Private Mailbag 4, Narellan Delivery Centre, Narellan, NSW 2567, Australia. davidh@camden.usyd.edu.au | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 1090-0233 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:15683772 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 671 | ||
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| Author | Atock, M.A.; Williams, R.B. | ||||
| Title | Welfare of competition horses | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1994 | Publication | Revue Scientifique et Technique (International Office of Epizootics) | Abbreviated Journal | Rev Sci Tech |
| Volume | 13 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 217-232 |
| Keywords | *Animal Welfare; Animals; Doping in Sports; Ethics; Heat; Horses/*physiology; Housing, Animal/standards; Humidity; International Cooperation; Sports/*standards; Transportation/standards; Veterinary Medicine | ||||
| Abstract | In the large majority of cases and circumstances, horses benefit from their association with man. However, abuse of horses can occur, due to neglect or through the pressures of competition. The welfare of all animals, including competition horses, has become increasingly topical over the past ten years. Equestrian sport is coming under closer public scrutiny due to reports of apparent abuse. The bodies responsible for regulating these sports strenuously endeavour to protect the welfare of horses which compete under their rules and regulations. The Federation Equestre Internationale (FEI: International Equestrian Federation) is the sole authority for all international events in dressage, show-jumping, three-day event, driving, endurance riding and vaulting. The FEI rules illustrate the ways in which the welfare of competing horses is safeguarded. | ||||
| Address |
Federation Equestre Internationale, Lausanne, Switzerland | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | 0253-1933 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:8173097 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 3747 | ||
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| Author | Westerduin, F.E.; Lankveld, D.P.K.; van der Velden, M.A.; Back, W.; Sloet van Oldruitenborgh-Oosterbaan, M.M. | ||||
| Title | [Splenectomy in a dressage pony: end of sports career?] | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2003 | Publication | Tijdschrift Voor Diergeneeskunde | Abbreviated Journal | Tijdschr Diergeneeskd |
| Volume | 128 | Issue | 13 | Pages | 406-411 |
| Keywords | Animals; Biopsy/veterinary; Colic/surgery/veterinary; Horse Diseases/pathology/*surgery/ultrasonography; Horses; Laparotomy/veterinary; Male; Splenectomy/*veterinary; Splenomegaly/surgery/ultrasonography/*veterinary; *Sports | ||||
| Abstract | A 14-year-old Arabian cross-bred gelding was referred to the University Clinic because of mild, recurrent signs of colic for 5 days. The pony showed icteric mucous membranes, haemolytic blood, and dark coloured urine. Internal examination did not give a clear diagnosis. Unidentified intra-abdominal strands were found and haemorrhagic abdominocentesis led to the decision to perform an exploratory laparatomy. An extremely enlarged spleen was the sole finding. A splenal biopsy sample was taken and surgery was completed. The pony remained colicky, so the spleen was examined by ultrasonography. After this examination, the tentative diagnosis 'tumour of the spleen' was made and splenectomy was performed. Pathological examination of the spleen revealed splenomegaly caused by infarctions of unknown origin. Eight weeks after surgery, the pony started again in dressage competition. Six months after splenectomy, the pony won the provincial dressage competition. | ||||
| Address |
Hoofdafdeling Gezondheidszorg Paard, Faculteit der Diergeneeskunde, Universiteit Utrecht, Yalelaan 12-16, 3584 CM Utrecht. fenna-lambert@planet.nl | ||||
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| Language | Dutch | Summary Language | Original Title | Splenectomie bij een dressuurpony: einde sportcarriere? | |
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0040-7453 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:12870176 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 3722 | ||
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| Author | Cayado, P.; Munoz-Escassi, B.; Dominguez, C.; Manley, W.; Olabarri, B.; Sanchez de la Muela, M.; Castejon, F.; Maranon, G.; Vara, E. | ||||
| Title | Hormone response to training and competition in athletic horses | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2006 | Publication | Equine Veterinary Journal. Supplement | Abbreviated Journal | Equine Vet J Suppl |
| Volume | Issue | 36 | Pages | 274-278 | |
| Keywords | Adrenocorticotropic Hormone/*blood; Animals; Case-Control Studies; *Horses/blood/physiology/psychology; Hydrocortisone/*blood; Physical Conditioning, Animal/*physiology; Sports; *Stress, Psychological | ||||
| Abstract | REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: It is recognised that the amount of psychological stress that an animal encounters determines the degree of response of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. In human athletes, the added emotive stress of competition is an important element in the adrenal response. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of show-jumping as well as dressage on stress levels by comparing horses' stress response at a horse show compared to their familiar home. METHODS: Fifty-one horses involved in competition were used. EDTA blood samples were collected before exercise, upon arrived to the schooling area (control), and k over a jump or dressage course. After sampling, plasma was separated and stored at -80 degrees C until determinations of cortisol and ACTH were performed. Fourteen healthy horses not involved in competition were used as control group. RESULTS: Competition induced a significant increase in cortisol and ACTH responses in both, jumping and dressage horses and this effect was more apparent in dressage horses. When horses were most experienced, cortisol and ACTH responses were much lower. CONCLUSION: This study shows that competition elicits a classic physiological stress response in horses and that different training programmes induce different responses. It suggests that horses involved in competition can provide a good model to study the exercise-induced stress response. | ||||
| Address |
Hospital SL., Madrid, Spain | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Notes | PMID:17402431 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 3705 | ||
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| Author | Kaiser, L.; Smith, K.A.; Heleski, C.R.; Spence, L.J. | ||||
| Title | Effects of a therapeutic riding program on at-risk and special education children | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2006 | Publication | Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association | Abbreviated Journal | J Am Vet Med Assoc |
| Volume | 228 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 46-52 |
| Keywords | Adolescent; Anger; Animals; *Bonding, Human-Pet; Child; Child Behavior; *Child Psychology; Disabled Persons/*psychology/rehabilitation; Female; Horses; Humans; Mainstreaming (Education); Male; Mothers/*psychology; Occupational Therapy/*methods; Recreation; Self Efficacy; Sports/*psychology | ||||
| Abstract | OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of a therapeutic riding program on psychosocial measurements among children considered at risk for poor performance or failure in school or life and among children in special education programs. DESIGN: Observational study. POPULATION: 17 at-risk children (6 boys and 11 girls) and 14 special education children (7 boys and 7 girls). PROCEDURE: For the at-risk children, anger, anxiety, perceived self-competence, and physical coordination were assessed. For the special education children, anger and cheerfulness were measured, and the children's and their mothers' perceptions of the children's behavior were assessed. Measurements were made before and after an 8-session therapeutic riding program. RESULTS: For boys enrolled in the special education program, anger was significantly decreased after completion of the riding program. The boys' mothers also perceived significant improvements in their children's behavior after completion of the program. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggest that an 8-session therapeutic riding program can significantly decrease anger in adolescent boys in a special education program and positively affect their mothers' perception of the boys' behavior. | ||||
| Address |
Human-Animal Bond Initiative, College of Nursing, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | 0003-1488 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:16426165 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Serial | 1880 | |||
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| Author | Barrey, E.; Desliens, F.; Poirel, D.; Biau, S.; Lemaire, S.; Rivero, J.L.L.; Langlois, B. | ||||
| Title | Early evaluation of dressage ability in different breeds | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2002 | Publication | Equine Veterinary Journal. Supplement | Abbreviated Journal | Equine Vet J Suppl |
| Volume | Issue | 34 | Pages | 319-324 | |
| Keywords | Animals; Biomechanics; Breeding; Discriminant Analysis; Female; Forelimb; Gait/genetics/*physiology; Hindlimb; Horses/anatomy & histology/*genetics/*physiology; Male; Photography/veterinary; *Physical Conditioning, Animal; Sports | ||||
| Abstract | Dressage is one of the Olympic equestrian sports practiced in several countries using different horse breeds. Specific characteristics of the walk, trot and canter are required for dressage. It has been assumed that some of these traits could be selected for genetically and contribute to dressage performance. The purpose of this study was to compare the walk, trot and conformation characteristics in young horses of different breeds used for dressage. A total of 142 horses age 3 years were classified into 3 groups of breeds (German, French and Spanish saddle horses) and tested using the same procedure. The skeletal conformation measurements were made by image analysis. Gait variables of the walk and trot were measured by the accelerometric gait analysis system Equimetrix. Discriminant analysis could explain the variability between the groups by taking into account the walk (P<0.0003), trot (P<0.0001) and conformation variables (P<0.0001). Many gait and conformation variables were significantly different between the breeds. In summary, the German horses had gait characteristics more adapted for dressage competition, and the results of this group could be used as a reference for early evaluation in dressage. Purebred Spanish horses could be considered as a reference for collected gaits used for farm work and old academic dressage. The gait and conformation tests could be applied in a breeding or crossing plan to detect more accurately young horses with good dressage ability. | ||||
| Address |
INRA, Station de Genetique Quantitative et Appliquee, Groupe Cheval, Jouy-en-Josas, France | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:12405708 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 3726 | ||
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| Author | Ricard, A.; Chanu, I. | ||||
| Title | Genetic parameters of eventing horse competition in France | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2001 | Publication | Genetics, Selection, Evolution. : GSE | Abbreviated Journal | Genet Sel Evol |
| Volume | 33 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 175-190 |
| Keywords | Animals; Behavior, Animal; Female; France; Genotype; Horses/*genetics; Male; Physical Conditioning, Animal; Selection (Genetics); *Sports; Stereotyped Behavior | ||||
| Abstract | Genetic parameters of eventing horse competitions were estimated. About 13 000 horses, 30 000 annual results during 17 years and 110 000 starts in eventing competitions during 8 years were recorded. The measures of performance were logarithmic transformations of annual earnings, annual earnings per start, and annual earnings per place, and underlying variables responsible for ranks in each competition. Heritabilities were low (0.11 / 0.17 for annual results, 0.07 for ranks). Genetic correlations between criteria were high (greater than 0.90) except between ranks and earnings per place (0.58) or per start (0.67). Genetic correlations between ages (from 5 to 10 years old) were also high (more than 0.85) and allow selection on early performances. The genetic correlation between the results in different levels of competition (high/international and low/amateur) was near 1. Genetic correlations of eventing with other disciplines, which included partial aptitude needed for eventing, were very low for steeplechase races (0.18) and moderate with sport: jumping (0.45), dressage (0.58). The results suggest that selection on jumping performance will lead to some positive correlated response for eventing performance, but much more response could be obtained if a specific breeding objective and selection criteria were developed for eventing. | ||||
| Address |
Institut national de la recherche agronomique, Station de genetique quantitative et appliquee, 78352 Jouy-en-Josas Cedex, France. ugenata@dga.inra.fr | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0999-193X | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:11333833 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 3728 | ||
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| Author | Machnik, M.; Hegger, I.; Kietzmann, M.; Thevis, M.; Guddat, S.; Schanzer, W. | ||||
| Title | Pharmacokinetics of altrenogest in horses | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2007 | Publication | Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics | Abbreviated Journal | J Vet Pharmacol Ther |
| Volume | 30 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 86-90 |
| Keywords | Administration, Oral; Animals; Chromatography, Liquid/veterinary; Doping in Sports/prevention & control; Horses/*metabolism; Male; Mass Spectrometry/veterinary; Progesterone Congeners/administration & dosage/blood/*pharmacokinetics/urine; Reproducibility of Results; Substance Abuse Detection/veterinary; Trenbolone/administration & dosage/*analogs & derivatives/blood/pharmacokinetics/urine | ||||
| Abstract | The Federation Equestre Internationale has permitted the use of altrenogest in mares for the control of oestrus. However, altrenogest is also suspicious to misuse in competition horses for its potential anabolic effects and suppression of typical male behaviour, and thus is a controlled drug. To investigate the pharmacokinetics of altrenogest in horses we conducted an elimination study. Five oral doses of 44 mug/kg altrenogest were administered to 10 horses at a dose interval of 24 h. Following administration blood and urine samples were collected at appropriate intervals. Altrenogest concentrations were measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The plasma levels of altrenogest reached maximal concentrations of 23-75 ng/mL. Baseline values were achieved within 3 days after the final administration. Urine peak concentrations of total altrenogest ranged from 823 to 3895 ng/mL. Twelve days after the final administration concentrations were below the limit of detection (ca 2 ng/mL). | ||||
| Address |
Institute of Biochemistry, German Sport University, Cologne, Germany. m.machnik@biochem.dshs-koeln.de | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0140-7783 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:17217407 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Serial | 1841 | |||
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| Author | Hertsch, B. | ||||
| Title | [The appearance of stress on the movement apparatus in dressage, jumping and versatility horses] | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1992 | Publication | DTW. Deutsche Tierarztliche Wochenschrift | Abbreviated Journal | Dtsch Tierarztl Wochenschr |
| Volume | 99 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 36-39 |
| Keywords | Animals; Bone Diseases/etiology/*veterinary; Horse Diseases/*etiology; Horses/*injuries; Joint Diseases/etiology/*veterinary; *Sports; Stress, Mechanical; Tendon Injuries/etiology/veterinary | ||||
| Abstract | Jumping and military (three days events) horses are exposed, during sports activities, to a particularly high stress especially in the region of the extremities (limbs). The genesis of tendon, joint and bone diseases are traced in accordance to the centers of the load during movement sequence. A special statistics on injuries concerning the German competition horses does not exist yet. Out of the available statistics about the German competition horses it is not obvious that as a result of its use as sports horses a particular high loss occur among these horses. | ||||
| Address |
Klinik fur Pferde, Tierarztlichen Hoschschule Hannover | ||||
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| Language | German | Summary Language | Original Title | Belastungserscheinungen am Bewegungsapparat bei Dressur-, Spring- und Vielseitigkeitspferden | |
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0341-6593 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:1555516 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 3755 | ||
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