Records |
Author |
Reynhout, I.C.; Cornelissen, J.J.L.M.; Nolte, R.J.M. |
Title |
Self-assembled architectures from biohybrid triblock copolymers |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2007 |
Publication |
Journal of the American Chemical Society |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Am Chem Soc |
Volume |
129 |
Issue |
8 |
Pages |
2327-2332 |
Keywords |
Horseradish Peroxidase/*chemistry; Micelles; Molecular Structure; Myoglobin/*chemistry; Particle Size; Polyethylene Glycols/*chemistry; Polymers/*chemical synthesis/chemistry; Polystyrenes/*chemistry; Surface-Active Agents/chemical synthesis/chemistry |
Abstract |
The synthesis and self-assembly behavior of biohybrid ABC triblock copolymers consisting of a synthetic diblock, polystyrene-b-polyethylene glycol (PSm-b-PEG113), where m is varied, and a hemeprotein, myoglobin (Mb) or horse radish peroxidase (HRP), is described. The synthetic diblock copolymer is first functionalized with the heme cofactor and subsequently reconstituted with the apoprotein or the apoenzyme to yield the protein-containing ABC triblock copolymer. The obtained amphiphilic block copolymers self-assemble in aqueous solution into a large variety of aggregate structures. Depending on the protein and the polystyrene block length, micellar rods, vesicles, toroids, figure eight structures, octopus structures, and spheres with a lamellar surface are formed. |
Address |
Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Toernooiveld 1, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands |
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English |
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ISSN |
0002-7863 |
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PMID:17274615 |
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no |
Call Number |
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Serial |
1832 |
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Author |
Passler, S.; Pfeffer, M. |
Title |
Detection of antibodies to alphaviruses and discrimination between antibodies to eastern and western equine encephalitis viruses in rabbit sera using a recombinant antigen and virus-specific monoclonal antibodies |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2003 |
Publication |
Journal of Veterinary Medicine. B, Infectious Diseases and Veterinary Public Health |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Vet Med B Infect Dis Vet Public Health |
Volume |
50 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
265-269 |
Keywords |
Animals; Antibodies, Monoclonal/*immunology; Antibodies, Viral/*analysis/blood; DNA Primers; Encephalitis Virus, Eastern Equine/genetics/*immunology; Encephalitis Virus, Western Equine/genetics/*immunology; Encephalomyelitis, Equine/*diagnosis/*virology; Epitopes; Fluorescent Antibody Technique/*veterinary; Horses; Rabbits; Recombination, Genetic; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction/veterinary |
Abstract |
Three arthropod-borne alphaviruses, western equine encephalitis viruses (WEEV), eastern equine encephalitis viruses (EEEV) and Venezuelan equine encephalitis viruses are the aetiological agents of a sometimes severe encephalomyelitis in equines and humans in the New World. With regard to the different ecology and epidemiology of these viruses, a method applied in serological screening should be able to distinguish between them as well as other related members of the genus Alphavirus in the American continent. However, this has been hampered in the past by (a) the close antigenic relationship between alphaviruses in traditional serological assays, especially in the routinely used haemagglutination-inhibition, and (b) the need of biosafety level 3 facilities to grow the viral antigens. An epitope blocking assay using an EEEV glycoprotein E1-expressing recombinant Sindbis virus and virus-specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) binding to the E1 of EEEV (strain NJ/60) and the E1 of Sindbis virus was established using automated flow cytometry. The test was evaluated using sera of infected and vaccinated rabbits. A cut-off value of 30% inhibition for antigenic complex-specific seroconversion was found to be sufficient for the detection of the respective infection. By using three different mAbs in parallel, we were able to detect alphavirus genus-, EEEV- and WEEV-complex-specific serum antibodies. As this test is based on the inhibition of binding of virus-specific mAbs, sera of every origin other than mouse can be tested. Thus, this assay may prove useful in the serological screening of a variety of animal species during an outbreak investigation. |
Address |
Institute for Medical Microbiology, Infectious and Epidemic Diseases, Veterinary Faculty, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany |
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ISSN |
0931-1793 |
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Notes |
PMID:14628996 |
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no |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2639 |
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Author |
Bobbert, M.F.; Santamaria, S. |
Title |
Contribution of the forelimbs and hindlimbs of the horse to mechanical energy changes in jumping |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2005 |
Publication |
The Journal of Experimental Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Exp Biol |
Volume |
208 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
249-260 |
Keywords |
Animals; Biomechanics; Forelimb/*physiology; Hindlimb/*physiology; Horses/*physiology; Locomotion/*physiology; Muscle, Skeletal/*physiology; Time Factors |
Abstract |
The purpose of the present study was to gain more insight into the contribution of the forelimbs and hindlimbs of the horse to energy changes during the push-off for a jump. For this purpose, we collected kinematic data at 240 Hz from 23 5-year-old Warmbloods (average mass: 595 kg) performing free jumps over a 1.15 m high fence. From these data, we calculated the changes in mechanical energy and the changes in limb length and joint angles. The force carried by the forelimbs and the amount of energy stored was estimated from the distance between elbow and hoof, assuming that this part of the leg behaved as a linear spring. During the forelimb push, the total energy first decreased by 3.2 J kg(-1) and then increased again by 4.2 J kg(-1) to the end of the forelimb push. At the end of the forelimb push, the kinetic energy due to horizontal velocity of the centre of mass was 1.6 J kg(-1) less than at the start, while the effective energy (energy contributing to jump height) was 2.3 J kg(-1) greater. It was investigated to what extent these changes could involve passive spring-like behaviour of the forelimbs. The amount of energy stored and re-utilized in the distal tendons during the forelimb push was estimated to be on average 0.4 J kg(-1) in the trailing forelimb and 0.23 J kg(-1) in the leading forelimb. This means that a considerable amount of energy was first dissipated and subsequently regenerated by muscles, with triceps brachii probably being the most important contributor. During the hindlimb push, the muscles of the leg were primarily producing energy. The total increase in energy was 2.5 J kg(-1) and the peak power output amounted to 71 W kg(-1). |
Address |
Institute for Fundamental and Clinical Human Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, van der Boechorstraat 9, NL-1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands. MFBobbert@fbw.vu.nl |
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English |
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ISSN |
0022-0949 |
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Notes |
PMID:15634844 |
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no |
Call Number |
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Serial |
1895 |
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Author |
Permyakov, S.E.; Khokhlova, T.I.; Nazipova, A.A.; Zhadan, A.P.; Morozova-Roche, L.A.; Permyakov, E.A. |
Title |
Calcium-binding and temperature induced transitions in equine lysozyme: new insights from the pCa-temperature “phase diagrams” |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Proteins |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proteins |
Volume |
65 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
984-998 |
Keywords |
Animals; Apoproteins/chemistry/metabolism; Binding Sites; Calcium/chemistry/*metabolism; Cattle; Edetic Acid/metabolism; Horses/metabolism; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Lactalbumin/chemistry/metabolism; Muramidase/*chemistry/*metabolism; Protein Denaturation; Spectrometry, Fluorescence; *Temperature; Thermodynamics; Tryptophan/chemistry/metabolism |
Abstract |
The most universal approach to the studies of metal binding properties of single-site metal binding proteins, i.e., construction of a “phase diagram” in coordinates of free metal ion concentration-temperature, has been applied to equine lysozyme (EQL). EQL has one relatively strong calcium binding site and shows two thermal transitions, but only one of them is Ca(2+)-dependent. It has been found that the Ca(2+)-dependent behavior of the low temperature thermal transition (I) of EQL can be adequately described based upon the simplest four-states scheme of metal- and temperature-induced structural changes in a protein. All thermodynamic parameters of this scheme were determined experimentally and used for construction of the EQL phase diagram in the pCa-temperature space. Comparison of the phase diagram with that for alpha-lactalbumin (alpha-LA), a close homologue of lysozyme, allows visualization of the differences in thermodynamic behavior of the two proteins. The thermal stability of apo-EQL (transition I) closely resembles that for apo-alpha-LA (mid-temperature 25 degrees C), while the thermal stabilities of their Ca(2+)-bound forms are almost indistinguishable. The native state of EQL has three orders of magnitude lower affinity for Ca(2+) in comparison with alpha-LA while its thermally unfolded state (after the I transition) has about one order lower (K = 15M(-1)) affinity for calcium. Circular dichroism studies of the apo-lysozyme state after the first thermal transition show that it shares common features with the molten globule state of alpha-LA. |
Address |
Institute for Biological Instrumentation of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow region 142290, Russia |
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English |
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Series Volume |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
1097-0134 |
ISBN |
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Notes |
PMID:17022083 |
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no |
Call Number |
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Serial |
1858 |
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Author |
Mellor, P.S. |
Title |
African horse sickness: transmission and epidemiology |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1993 |
Publication |
Veterinary Research |
Abbreviated Journal |
Vet Res |
Volume |
24 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
199-212 |
Keywords |
Africa, Northern/epidemiology; African Horse Sickness/epidemiology/*transmission; African horse sickness virus/*physiology; Animals; Arachnid Vectors/microbiology; Ceratopogonidae/*microbiology; Culicidae/microbiology; Horses; Insect Vectors/*microbiology; Portugal/epidemiology; Spain/epidemiology; Ticks/microbiology |
Abstract |
African horse sickness (AHS) virus causes a non-contagious, infectious, arthropod-borne disease of equines and occasionally of dogs. The virus is widely distributed across sub-Saharan African where it is transmitted between susceptible vertebrate hosts by the vectors. These are usually considered to be species of Culicoides biting midges but mosquitoes and/or ticks may also be involved to a greater or lesser extent. Periodically the virus makes excursions beyond its sub-Saharan enzootic zones but until recently does not appear to have been able to maintain itself outside these areas for more than 2-3 consecutive years at most. This is probably due to a number of factors including the apparent absence of a long term vertebrate reservoir, the prevalence and seasonal incidence of the vectors and the efficiency of control measures (vaccination and vector abatement). The recent AHS epizootics in Iberia and N Africa spanning as they do, 5 or more yr, seem to have established a new pattern in AHS virus persistence. This is probably linked to the continuous presence of adult C imicola in the area. Culicoides imicola is basically an Afro-Asiatic insect and prefers warm climates. Therefore its continuous adult presence in parts of Iberia and N Africa may be due to some recent moderations of the climate in these areas. |
Address |
Institute for Animal Health, Pirbright Laboratory, Woking, Surrey, UK |
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English |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0928-4249 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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Area |
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Conference |
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Notes |
PMID:8102076 |
Approved |
no |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2359 |
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Author |
Mellor, P.S.; Hamblin, C. |
Title |
African horse sickness |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Veterinary Research |
Abbreviated Journal |
Vet Res |
Volume |
35 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
445-466 |
Keywords |
African Horse Sickness/epidemiology/*prevention & control/*transmission/virology; African horse sickness virus/pathogenicity; Animals; Culicidae; Europe/epidemiology; Horses; Insect Vectors |
Abstract |
African horse sickness virus (AHSV) causes a non-contagious, infectious insect-borne disease of equids and is endemic in many areas of sub-Saharan Africa and possibly Yemen in the Arabian Peninsula. However, periodically the virus makes excursions beyond its endemic areas and has at times extended as far as India and Pakistan in the east and Spain and Portugal in the west. The vectors are certain species of Culicoides biting midge the most important of which is the Afro-Asiatic species C. imicola. This paper describes the effects that AHSV has on its equid hosts, aspects of its epidemiology, and present and future prospects for control. The distribution of AHSV seems to be governed by a number of factors including the efficiency of control measures, the presence or absence of a long term vertebrate reservoir and, most importantly, the prevalence and seasonal incidence of the major vector which is controlled by climate. However, with the advent of climate-change the major vector, C. imicola, has now significantly extended its range northwards to include much of Portugal, Spain, Italy and Greece and has even been recorded from southern Switzerland. Furthermore, in many of these new locations the insect is present and active throughout the entire year. With the related bluetongue virus, which utilises the same vector species of Culicoides this has, since 1998, precipitated the worst outbreaks of bluetongue disease ever recorded with the virus extending further north in Europe than ever before and apparently becoming endemic in that continent. The prospects for similar changes in the epidemiology and distribution of AHSV are discussed. |
Address |
Institute for Animal Health, Department of Arbovirology, Pirbright Laboratory, Ash Rd., Pirbright, Woking, Surrey, GU24 0NF, United Kingdom. philip.mellor@bbsrc.ac.uk |
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0928-4249 |
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Notes |
PMID:15236676 |
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no |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2358 |
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Author |
Hebenbrock, M.; Due, M.; Holzhausen, H.; Sass, A.; Stadler, P.; Ellendorff, F. |
Title |
A new tool to monitor training and performance of sport horses using global positioning system (GPS) with integrated GSM capabilities |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2005 |
Publication |
DTW. Deutsche Tierarztliche Wochenschrift |
Abbreviated Journal |
Dtsch Tierarztl Wochenschr |
Volume |
112 |
Issue |
7 |
Pages |
262-265 |
Keywords |
Animals; Heart Rate; Horses/*physiology; *Physical Conditioning, Animal; Population Surveillance; *Satellite Communications; Telemetry/methods/*veterinary |
Abstract |
Global Positioning Systems (GPS) are considered suitable to monitor the position and velocity of horses during cross-country competition or in training. Furthermore, simultaneous recording of life data such as heart rate could be useful to assess the horse's condition during exercise. To test the suitability and reliability of a commercially available GPS system with integrated heart rate recording system and with built in GSM for data transmission, the Fidelak Equipilot Type EP-2003-15/G-2.11 (EP-15/G) was evaluated first for reliability of pulse recording from a pulse generator within the physiological range of horses; furthermore distance, velocity and heart rate recordings were carried out on a standard 1000 m field track with five repetitions. Agreement (% deviation from actually measured distance and from stopwatch-distance based velocity calculations) and variability (Coefficient of Variation for distance, velocity, heart rate) were calculated. From the results it was safe to assume that the heart rate sensor recorded horse heart rates at a high degree of accuracy. Overall distances and velocities are in high agreement with actually measured values. However, overall variability expressed in terms of relative variability (C.V.) is smaller for distance recording (C.V. 0.68%) when compared to velocity (C.V. 1.01%). The system tested is suitable and reliable for simultaneously recording of distance, velocity and heart rates for horses during cross country exercise. GPS-based monitoring of movement along with simultaneous recording of physiological data and the possibility to call upon data will not only be of benefit for training horses or for surveillance during competition, it may also be suitable for distant patient monitoring and in behavioural studies as well as in veterinary medicine in general. |
Address |
Institute for Animal Breeding Mariensee, Federal Agricultural Research Centre (FAL), Neustadt, Germany |
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English |
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ISSN |
0341-6593 |
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Notes |
PMID:16124700 |
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no |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4035 |
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Author |
Stock, K.F.; Distl, O. |
Title |
Evaluation of expected response to selection for orthopedic health and performance traits in Hanoverian Warmblood horses |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2005 |
Publication |
American Journal of Veterinary Research |
Abbreviated Journal |
Am J Vet Res |
Volume |
66 |
Issue |
8 |
Pages |
1371-1379 |
Keywords |
Animals; Bone Diseases/genetics/*veterinary; *Breeding; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Horse Diseases/*genetics; Horses/*genetics; Joint Diseases/genetics/*veterinary; Selection (Genetics) |
Abstract |
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether selection schemes accounting for orthopedic health traits were compatible with breeding progress in performance parameters in Hanoverian Warmblood horses. ANIMALS: 5,928 horses. PROCEDURE: Relative breeding values (RBVs) were predicted for osseous fragments in fetlock (metacarpo- and metatarsophalangeal) and tarsal joints, deforming arthropathy in tarsal joints, and pathologic changes in distal sesamoid bones. Selection schemes were developed on the basis of total indices for radiographic findings (TIR), dressage (TID), and jumping (TIJ). Response to selection was traced over 2 generations of horses for dressage and jumping ability and all-purpose breeding. Development of mean RBVs and mean total indices in sires and prevalences of orthopedic health traits in their offspring were used to assess response to selection. RESULTS: Giving equal weight toTIR andTID, TIJ, or a combined index of 60% TID and 40% TIJ, 43% to 53% of paternal grandsires and 70% to 82% of descending sires passed selection. In each case, RBVs and total indices increased by as much as 9% in selected sires, when compared with all sires, and prevalences of orthopedic health traits in offspring of selected sires decreased relatively by as much as 16%. When selection was exclusively based on TID, TIJ, or TID and TIJ, percentages of selected sires were 44% to 66% in the first and 73% to 84% in the second generation and TID and TIJ increased by 9% to 10% and 19% to 23%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Compared with exclusively performance-based selection, percentages of selected sires changed slightly and breeding progress in TID, TIJ, or TID and TIJ was only slightly decreased; however, prevalences of orthopedic health traits decreased in offspring of TIR-selected sires. |
Address |
Institute for Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover (Foundation), Bunteweg 17p, 30559 Hannover, Germany |
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English |
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0002-9645 |
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PMID:16173480 |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
3713 |
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Author |
Ricard, A.; Chanu, I. |
Title |
Genetic parameters of eventing horse competition in France |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2001 |
Publication |
Genetics, Selection, Evolution. : GSE |
Abbreviated Journal |
Genet Sel Evol |
Volume |
33 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
175-190 |
Keywords |
Animals; Behavior, Animal; Female; France; Genotype; Horses/*genetics; Male; Physical Conditioning, Animal; Selection (Genetics); *Sports; Stereotyped Behavior |
Abstract |
Genetic parameters of eventing horse competitions were estimated. About 13 000 horses, 30 000 annual results during 17 years and 110 000 starts in eventing competitions during 8 years were recorded. The measures of performance were logarithmic transformations of annual earnings, annual earnings per start, and annual earnings per place, and underlying variables responsible for ranks in each competition. Heritabilities were low (0.11 / 0.17 for annual results, 0.07 for ranks). Genetic correlations between criteria were high (greater than 0.90) except between ranks and earnings per place (0.58) or per start (0.67). Genetic correlations between ages (from 5 to 10 years old) were also high (more than 0.85) and allow selection on early performances. The genetic correlation between the results in different levels of competition (high/international and low/amateur) was near 1. Genetic correlations of eventing with other disciplines, which included partial aptitude needed for eventing, were very low for steeplechase races (0.18) and moderate with sport: jumping (0.45), dressage (0.58). The results suggest that selection on jumping performance will lead to some positive correlated response for eventing performance, but much more response could be obtained if a specific breeding objective and selection criteria were developed for eventing. |
Address |
Institut national de la recherche agronomique, Station de genetique quantitative et appliquee, 78352 Jouy-en-Josas Cedex, France. ugenata@dga.inra.fr |
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English |
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ISSN |
0999-193X |
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Notes |
PMID:11333833 |
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no |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
3728 |
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Author |
Gothe, R. |
Title |
[Tapeworms, a problem in equine practice?] |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1994 |
Publication |
Tierarztliche Praxis |
Abbreviated Journal |
Tierarztl Prax |
Volume |
22 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
466-470 |
Keywords |
Animals; Cestode Infections/diagnosis/parasitology/therapy/*veterinary; *Horse Diseases/diagnosis/parasitology/therapy; Horses |
Abstract |
This paper gives a survey on biology and ecology of equine tapeworms as well as on pathogenesis, clinics, diagnosis, therapy, and prophylaxis of tapeworm infections. |
Address |
Institut fur Vergleichende Tropenmedizin und Parasitologie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat Munchen |
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German |
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Original Title |
Bandwurmer, ein Problem in der Pferdepraxis? |
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0303-6286 |
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PMID:7855855 |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2663 |
Permanent link to this record |