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Author |
Zentall, S.S.; Zentall, T.R. |
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Title |
Activity and task performance of hyperactive children as a function of environmental stimulation |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1976 |
Publication |
Journal of consulting and clinical psychology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Consult Clin Psychol |
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Volume |
44 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
693-697 |
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Keywords |
Achievement; Acoustic Stimulation; *Arousal; Auditory Perception; Child; Humans; Hyperkinesis/*etiology; Photic Stimulation; Visual Perception |
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0022-006X |
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PMID:965541 |
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Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
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272 |
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Author |
Shettleworth, S.J. |
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Title |
Stimulus relevance in the control of drinking and conditioned fear responses in domestic chicks (Gallus gallus) |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1972 |
Publication |
Journal of comparative and physiological psychology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Comp Physiol Psychol |
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Volume |
80 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
175-198 |
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Keywords |
Acoustic Stimulation; Animals; Auditory Perception; Chickens; *Conditioning (Psychology); Conditioning, Classical; Discrimination Learning; *Drinking Behavior; Electroshock; *Fear; *Light; Motor Activity; Photic Stimulation; Punishment; Quinine; *Sound; Taste; Visual Perception |
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0021-9940 |
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PMID:5047826 |
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no |
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Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
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390 |
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Author |
Seyfarth, R.M.; Cheney, D.L. |
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Title |
The acoustic features of vervet monkey grunts |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1984 |
Publication |
The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Acoust Soc Am |
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Volume |
75 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
1623-1628 |
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Keywords |
*Acoustics; Animals; Auditory Perception; Cercopithecus/*physiology; Cercopithecus aethiops/*physiology; Cues; Dominance-Subordination; Female; Male; Social Behavior; Sound Spectrography; *Vocalization, Animal |
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Abstract |
East African vervet monkeys give short (125 ms), harsh-sounding grunts to each other in a variety of social situations: when approaching a dominant or subordinate member of their group, when moving into a new area of their range, or upon seeing another group. Although all these vocalizations sound similar to humans, field playback experiments have shown that the monkeys distinguish at least four different calls. Acoustic analysis reveals that grunts have an aperiodic F0, at roughly 240 Hz. Most grunts exhibit a spectral peak close to this irregular F0. Grunts may also contain a second, rising or falling frequency peak, between 550 and 900 Hz. The location and changes in these two frequency peaks are the cues most likely to be used by vervets when distinguishing different grunt types. |
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0001-4966 |
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PMID:6736426 |
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refbase @ user @ |
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703 |
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Author |
Lemasson, A.; Koda, H.; Kato, A.; Oyakawa, C.; Blois-Heulin, C.; Masataka, N. |
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Title |
Influence of sound specificity and familiarity on Japanese macaques' (Macaca fuscata) auditory laterality |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2010 |
Publication |
Behavioural Brain Research |
Abbreviated Journal |
Behav. Brain. Res. |
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Volume |
208 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
286-289 |
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Keywords |
Auditory processing; Hemispheric specialisation; Specificity; Familiarity; Head-turn paradigm; Macaque |
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Abstract |
Despite attempts to generalise the left hemisphere-speech association of humans to animal communication, the debate remains open. More studies on primates are needed to explore the potential effects of sound specificity and familiarity. Familiar and non-familiar nonhuman primate contact calls, bird calls and non-biological sounds were broadcast to Japanese macaques. Macaques turned their heads preferentially towards the left (right hemisphere) when hearing conspecific or familiar primates supporting hemispheric specialisation. Our results support the role of experience in brain organisation and the importance of social factors to understand laterality evolution. |
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0166-4328 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5081 |
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Author |
Heffner, R.S.; Heffner, H.E. |
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Title |
Hearing in large mammals: Horses (Equus caballus) and cattle (Bos taurus) |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1983 |
Publication |
Behavioral Neuroscience |
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Volume |
97 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
299-309 |
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Keywords |
auditory range & sensitivity, horses vs cattle |
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Abstract |
Determined behavioral audiograms for 3 horses and 2 cows. Horses' hearing ranged from 55 Hz to 33.3 kHz, with a region of best sensitivity from 1 to 16 kHz. Cattle hearing ranged from 23 Hz to 35 kHz, with a well-defined point of best sensitivity at 8 kHz. Of the 2 species, cattle proved to have more acute hearing, with a lowest threshold of –21 db (re 20 μN/m–2) compared with the horses' lowest threshold of 7 db. Comparative analysis of the hearing abilities of these 2 species with those of other mammals provides further support for the relation between interaural distance and high-frequency hearing and between high- and low-frequency hearing. (39 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved) |
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American Psychological Association |
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1939-0084(Electronic);0735-7044(Print) |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ 1983-29540-001 |
Serial |
5633 |
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Author |
Krishnan, A.; Gandour, J.T.; Ananthakrishnan, S.; Bidelman, G.M.; Smalt, C.J. |
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Title |
Functional ear (a)symmetry in brainstem neural activity relevant to encoding of voice pitch: A precursor for hemispheric specialization? |
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Journal Article |
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Brain and Language |
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Volume |
In Press, Corrected Proof |
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Keywords |
Auditory; Human; Brainstem; Pitch; Language; Mandarin Chinese; Fundamental frequency-following response (FFR); Functional ear asymmetry; Experience-dependent plasticity; Subcortical |
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Abstract |
Pitch processing is lateralized to the right hemisphere; linguistic pitch is further mediated by left cortical areas. This experiment investigates whether ear asymmetries vary in brainstem representation of pitch depending on linguistic status. Brainstem frequency-following responses (FFRs) were elicited by monaural stimulation of the left and right ear of 15 native speakers of Mandarin Chinese using two synthetic speech stimuli that differ in linguistic status of tone. One represented a native lexical tone (Tone 2: T2); the other, T2', a nonnative variant in which the pitch contour was a mirror image of T2 with the same starting and ending frequencies. Two 40-ms portions of f0 contours were selected in order to compare two regions (R1, early; R2 late) differing in pitch acceleration rate and perceptual saliency. In R2, linguistic status effects revealed that T2 exhibited a larger degree of FFR rightward ear asymmetry as reflected in f0 amplitude relative to T2'. Relative to midline (ear asymmetry = 0), the only ear asymmetry reaching significance was that favoring left ear stimulation elicited by T2'. By left- and right-ear stimulation separately, FFRs elicited by T2 were larger than T2' in the right ear only. Within T2', FFRs elicited by the earlier region were larger than the later in both ears. Within T2, no significant differences in FFRS were observed between regions in either ear. Collectively, these findings support the idea that origins of cortical processing preferences for perceptually-salient portions of pitch are rooted in early, preattentive stages of processing in the brainstem. |
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0093-934x |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5391 |
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Author |
Heffner, R.S.; Heffner, H.E. |
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Title |
Localization of tones by horses: use of binaural cues and the role of the superior olivary complex |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1986 |
Publication |
Behavioral Neuroscience |
Abbreviated Journal |
Behav Neurosci |
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Volume |
100 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
93-103 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Auditory Pathways/physiology; Auditory Perception/*physiology; Avoidance Learning/physiology; Brain Mapping; Electroshock; Female; Horses/*physiology; Male; Olivary Nucleus/anatomy & histology/*physiology; Orientation/physiology; Pitch Perception/physiology; Sound Localization/*physiology |
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Abstract |
The ability of horses to use binaural time and intensity difference cues to localize sound was assessed in free-field localization tests by using pure tones. The animals were required to discriminate the locus of a single tone pip ranging in frequency from 250 Hz to 25 kHz emitted by loudspeakers located 30 degrees to the left and right of the animals' midline (60 degrees total separation). Three animals were tested with a two-choice procedure; 2 additional animals were tested with a conditioned avoidance procedure. All 5 animals were able to localize 250 Hz, 500 Hz, and 1 kHz but were completely unable to localize 2 kHz and above. Because the frequency of ambiguity for the binaural phase cue delta phi for horses in this test was calculated to be 1.5 kHz, these results indicate that horses can use binaural time differences in the form of delta phi but are unable to use binaural intensity differences. This finding was supported by an unconditioned orientation test involving 4 additional horses, which showed that horses correctly orient to a 500-Hz tone pip but not to an 8-kHz tone pip. Analysis of the superior olivary complex, the brain stem nucleus at which binaural interactions first take place, reveals that the lateral superior olive (LSO) is relatively small in the horse and lacks the laminar arrangement of bipolar cells characteristic of the LSO of most mammals that can use binaural delta I. |
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0735-7044 |
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PMID:3954885 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5634 |
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Author |
Lampe, J.F.; Andre, J. |
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Title |
Cross-modal recognition of human individuals in domestic horses (Equus caballus) |
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Journal Article |
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2012 |
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Abbreviated Journal |
Animal Cognition |
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15 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
623-630 |
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Keywords |
Cross-modal; Recognition of humans; Horse; Equus caballus; Human–horse interaction; Animal cognition; Visual recognition; Auditory recognition; Voice discrimination; Interspecific |
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This study has shown that domestic horses are capable of cross-modal recognition of familiar humans. It was demonstrated that horses are able to discriminate between the voices of a familiar and an unfamiliar human without seeing or smelling them at the same moment. Conversely, they were able to discriminate the same persons when only exposed to their visual and olfactory cues, without being stimulated by their voices. A cross-modal expectancy violation setup was employed; subjects were exposed both to trials with incongruent auditory and visual/olfactory identity cues and trials with congruent cues. It was found that subjects responded more quickly, longer and more often in incongruent trials, exhibiting heightened interest in unmatched cues of identity. This suggests that the equine brain is able to integrate multisensory identity cues from a familiar human into a person representation that allows the brain, when deprived of one or two senses, to maintain recognition of this person. |
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Springer-Verlag |
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English |
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1435-9448 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5698 |
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Author |
Carter, C.; Greening, L. |
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Title |
Auditory stimulation of the stabled equine; the effect of different music genres on behaviour |
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equine, behaviour, music, environmental enrichment, auditory |
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Having a radio playing during the daytime at some equine establishments is common practice, but few studies have investigated whether particular music genres could be enriching for stabled horses or whether they may be perceived as aversive. This study aimed to establish whether behavioural responses differed when exposed to musical genres (Classical, Country, Jazz and Rock) and when compared to a control (no music). Eight Thoroughbred geldings (age range 8-10 years, average 8.9 years) were exposed to four musical environments and the control environment (no music) and observed in their usual stable, using instantaneous focal sampling every thirty seconds according to a pre-determined ethogram. Each horse was exposed to each genre for an hour in total, at a time when there was no human traffic or interference on the yard. All horses had been stabled for three hours before the study began. The association between genres and behavioural frequencies recorded for each environment was tested using Fisher’s Exact test of association (P<0.01), IBM SPSS21. No statistically significant associations (P=1.0) were recorded between alert or relax behaviours in Country, Classical, and Control environments. Significant associations (P<0.001) between frequency of alert behaviours and Jazz and Rock environments were noted. The latter genres appeared the most aversive which may be due to fast tempo and minor key, especially in the Jazz piece used. Country and Classical genres were slow tempo with a major key and appeared to result in more restful behaviours than Jazz or Rock. Further research is needed to; assess whether music could be used as an enriching tool, and investigate equine emotional capabilities to understand the emotional effects of music. Future studies could also consider how music impacts upon the behaviour of the human handler and whether this influences equine behaviour. |
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aCentre for Performance in Equestrian Sports, UWE Hartpury, Hartpury College, Gloucester, GL19 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5745 |
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Author |
Cheney, D.L.; Seyfarth, R.M.; Silk, J.B. |
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The responses of female baboons (Papio cynocephalus ursinus) to anomalous social interactions: evidence for causal reasoning? |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1995 |
Publication |
Journal of comparative psychology (Washington, D.C. : 1983) |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Comp Psychol |
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109 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
134-141 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Attention; Auditory Perception; *Awareness; *Concept Formation; *Dominance-Subordination; Fear; Female; Hierarchy, Social; Papio/*psychology; *Social Behavior; Social Environment; Vocalization, Animal |
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Baboons' (Papio cynocephalus ursinus) understanding of cause-effect relations in the context of social interactions was examined through use of a playback experiment. Under natural conditions, dominant female baboons often grunt to more subordinate mothers when interacting with their infants. Mothers occasionally respond to these grunts by uttering submissive fear barks. Subjects were played causally inconsistent call sequences in which a lower ranking female apparently grunted to a higher ranking female, and the higher ranking female apparently responded with fear barks. As a control, subjects heard a sequence made causally consistent by the inclusion of grunts from a 3rd female that was dominant to both of the others. Subjects responded significantly more strongly to the causally inconsistent sequences, suggesting that they recognized the factors that cause 1 individual to give submissive vocalizations to another. |
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Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104, USA |
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0735-7036 |
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PMID:7758289 |
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refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
348 |
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