| Records |
| Author |
de Waal, F.B. |
| Title |
The integration of dominance and social bonding in primates |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1986 |
Publication |
The Quarterly review of biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Q Rev Biol |
| Volume |
61 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
459-479 |
| Keywords |
Animals; Female; Humans; Male; *Object Attachment; *Primates; *Social Dominance |
| Abstract |
Social dominance is usually viewed from the perspective of intragroup competition over access to limited resources. The present paper, while not denying the importance of such competition, discusses the dominance concept among monkeys and apes in the context of affiliative bonding, social tolerance, and the reconciliation of aggressive conflicts. Two basic proximate mechanisms are supposed to provide a link between dominance and interindividual affiliation, namely, formalization of the dominance relationship (i.e., unequivocal communication of status), and conditional reassurance (i.e., the linkage of friendly coexistence to formalization of the relationship). Ritualized submission is imposed upon losers of dominance struggles by winners; losers are offered a “choice” between continued hostility or a tolerant relationship with a clearly signalled difference in status. If these two social mechanisms are lacking, aggression is bound to have dispersive effects. In their presence, aggression becomes a well-integrated, even constructive component of social life. In some higher primates this process of integration has reached the stage where status differences are strongly attenuated. In these species, sharing and trading can take the place of overt competition. The views underlying this “reconciled hierarchy” model are only partly new, as is evident from a review of the ethological literature. Many points are illustrated with data on a large semi-captive colony of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), particularly data related to striving for status, reconciliation behavior, and general association patterns. These observations demonstrate that relationships among adult male chimpanzees cannot be described in terms of a dichotomy between affiliative and antagonistic tendencies. Male bonding in this species has not been achieved by an elimination of aggression, but by a set of powerful buffering mechanisms that mitigate its effects. Although female chimpanzees do exhibit a potential for bonding under noncompetitive conditions, they appear to lack the buffering mechanisms of the males. |
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0033-5770 |
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PMID:3543991 |
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no |
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refbase @ user @ |
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210 |
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| Author |
Knoll, H.; Horschak, R. |
| Title |
[Ecology of fermentation sarcinas Sarcina ventriculi and Sarcina maxima] |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
1973 |
Publication |
Zeitschrift fur Allgemeine Mikrobiologie |
Abbreviated Journal |
Z Allg Mikrobiol |
| Volume |
13 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
449-451 |
| Keywords |
Animals; Digestive System; Ecology; Haplorhini; Horses; Primates; *Sarcina |
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German |
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Zur Okologie der Garungssarcinen Sarcina ventriculi und Sarcina maxima |
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0044-2208 |
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PMID:4203565 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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2717 |
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| Author |
Nelson, G.S. |
| Title |
Onchocerciasis |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1970 |
Publication |
Advances in Parasitology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Adv Parasitol |
| Volume |
8 |
Issue |
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Pages |
173-224 |
| Keywords |
Africa; Animals; Anthelmintics/therapeutic use; Artiodactyla; Blindness/etiology; Cattle; Circadian Rhythm; Ddt; Diethylcarbamazine/therapeutic use; Diptera/anatomy & histology/growth & development; Dwarfism/etiology; Ecology; Eye/pathology; Feeding Behavior; Female; Geography; Haplorhini; Hernia, Femoral/etiology; Horses; Humans; Insect Vectors/growth & development; Larva/growth & development; Male; Onchocerca/classification/growth & development; *Onchocerciasis/diagnosis/drug therapy/epidemiology/immunology/pathology/prevention & control/veterinary; Primates; Serologic Tests; Skin/pathology; Skin Tests; Suramin/therapeutic use |
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0065-308X |
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PMID:4997515 |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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2738 |
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| Author |
Pennisi, E. |
| Title |
Are out primate cousins 'conscious'? |
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| Year |
1999 |
Publication |
Science (New York, N.Y.) |
Abbreviated Journal |
Science |
| Volume |
284 |
Issue |
5423 |
Pages |
2073-2076 |
| Keywords |
Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Cebus; *Consciousness; Empathy; Humans; Instinct; Intelligence; Learning; *Mental Processes; Pan troglodytes; *Primates |
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| ISSN |
0036-8075 |
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| Notes |
PMID:10409060 |
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no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2843 |
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| Author |
Cantlon, J.F.; Brannon, E.M. |
| Title |
How Much Does Number Matter to a Monkey (Macaca mulatta)? |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2007 |
Publication |
Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
33 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
32-41 |
| Keywords |
numerical cognition; Weber's law; nonhuman primates; numerosity |
| Abstract |
Although many animal species can represent numerical values, little is known about how salient number is relative to other object properties for nonhuman animals. In one hypothesis, researchers propose that animals represent number only as a last resort, when no other properties differentiate stimuli. An alternative hypothesis is that animals automatically, spontaneously, and routinely represent the numerical attributes of their environments. The authors compared the influence of number versus that of shape, color, and surface area on rhesus monkeys' (Macaca mulatta) decisions by testing them on a matching task with more than one correct answer: a numerical match and a nonnumerical (color, surface area, or shape) match. The authors also tested whether previous laboratory experience with numerical discrimination influenced a monkey's propensity to represent number. Contrary to the last-resort hypothesis, all monkeys based their decisions on numerical value when the numerical ratio was favorable. |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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2891 |
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| Author |
Bermudez, J.L. |
| Title |
The moral significance of birth |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1996 |
Publication |
Ethics |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ethics |
| Volume |
106 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
378-403 |
| Keywords |
Abortion, Induced; Animal Rights; Animals; Beginning of Human Life; Embryonic and Fetal Development; *Ethical Analysis; *Ethics; *Fetus; Homicide; Humans; *Individuality; *Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Infanticide; *Labor, Obstetric; Life; *Personhood; Philosophy; Primates; Psychology; *Self Concept; *Value of Life; Analytical Approach; Genetics and Reproduction; Philosophical Approach |
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0014-1704 |
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| Notes |
PMID:11656645; KIE: 31 fn.; KIE: KIE BoB Subject Heading: fetuses; KIE: KIE BoB Subject Heading: personhood |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4177 |
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| Author |
Cheney, D.; Seyfarth, R.; Smuts, B. |
| Title |
Social relationships and social cognition in nonhuman primates |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1986 |
Publication |
Science (New York, N.Y.) |
Abbreviated Journal |
Science |
| Volume |
234 |
Issue |
4782 |
Pages |
1361-1366 |
| Keywords |
Animals; *Cognition; Female; Male; Pair Bond; Primates/*physiology; *Social Behavior; Social Dominance; Social Perception |
| Abstract |
Complex social relationships among nonhuman primates appear to contribute to individual reproductive success. Experiments with and behavioral observations of natural populations suggest that sophisticated cognitive mechanisms may underlie primate social relationships. Similar capacities are usually less apparent in the nonsocial realm, supporting the view that at least some aspects of primate intelligence evolved to solve the challenges of interacting with conspecifics. |
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0036-8075 |
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| Notes |
PMID:3538419 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
349 |
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| Author |
Chalmeau, R.; Gallo, A. |
| Title |
Cooperation in primates: Critical analysis of behavioural criteria |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1995 |
Publication |
Behavioural Processes |
Abbreviated Journal |
Behav. Process. |
| Volume |
35 |
Issue |
1-3 |
Pages |
101-111 |
| Keywords |
Cognition; Communication; Cooperation; Evolution; Primates |
| Abstract |
Concerning hunting in chimpanzees, cooperation has generally been attributed to the behaviour of two or more individuals acting together to achieve a common goal (Boesch and Boesch, 1989). The common goal is often considered as the concrete result of a common action by two or several individuals. Although this result could be used as a criterion for cooperation, it could also be an outcome due to chance. We suggest that the goal, viewed as a concrete benefit shared by the partners, is not a requisite of cooperation but rather a possible consequence of a common action largely submitted to social constraints. Individuals engaged in a cooperative task in order to solve a problem have to exchange information to adjust to each other's behaviour. However, evidence of communication between partners during simultaneous cooperation is rare. An experiment in which two chimpanzees each had to simultaneously pull a handle to get a fruit was performed. We analysed not only the concrete result of the partners' activity but also what the individuals took into account before pulling a handle. We tried to specify what the chimpanzees learned by means of a series of logical propositions which we were able to confront the experimental results. |
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no |
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refbase @ user @ |
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570 |
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| Author |
Kendrick, K.M. |
| Title |
Intelligent perception |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1998 |
Publication |
Applied Animal Behaviour Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. |
| Volume |
57 |
Issue |
3-4 |
Pages |
213-231 |
| Keywords |
Intelligent perception; Environmental changes; Primates |
| Abstract |
For an animal from any species to exhibit intelligent perception it must be capable of being consciously aware of what it perceives and capable of learning from this experience. Although many organisms, and for that matter machines, are capable of rapid adaptive learning in response to perception of environmental changes, such adaptations can occur without them being consciously aware either of external stimuli or their response to them. While behavioural and neurophysiological evidence suggests that, apart from ourselves, other higher primates must also be capable of such awareness, an important central question is whether such awareness is a characteristic of primate evolution or if it also occurs in sub-primate mammals as well. In this review I will examine our behavioural and neurophysiological evidence from visual and olfactory recognition studies in the sheep to support the argument that they are likely to be aware of and learn about both social and non-social objects and that they are therefore capable of intelligent perception. However, the impact of motivational changes on these perceptual processes suggests that they may be limited in terms of both prospection and retrospection and dealing with symbolic associations. |
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no |
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refbase @ user @ |
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796 |
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| Author |
Crockford, C.; Wittig, R.M.; Seyfarth, R.M.; Cheney, D.L. |
| Title |
Baboons eavesdrop to deduce mating opportunities |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2007 |
Publication |
Animal Behaviour. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Behav. |
| Volume |
73 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
885-890 |
| Keywords |
baboon; cognition; eavesdropping; extrapair copulation; mate guarding; Papio hamadryas ursinus; primate; social intelligence; third-party relationships; transient relationships |
| Abstract |
Many animals appear to monitor changes in other individuals' dominance ranks and social relationships and to track changes in them. However, it is not known whether they also track changes in very transient relationships. Rapid recognition of a temporary separation between a dominant male and a sexually receptive female, for example, should be adaptive in species where subordinate males use opportunistic strategies to achieve mating success. Dominant male baboons (Papio hamadryas ursinus) form sexual consortships with oestrous females that are characterized by mate guarding and close proximity. To assess whether subordinate males track temporary changes in the status of other males' consortships, we conducted playback experiments using a two-speaker paradigm. In the test condition, subjects heard the consort male's grunts played from one speaker and his consort female's copulation call played from a speaker approximately 40 m away. This sequence suggested that the male and female had temporarily separated and that the female was mating with another male. In a control trial, subjects heard another dominant male's grunts played from one speaker and the female's copulation call played from the other. In a second control trial, conducted within 24 h after the consortship had ended, subjects again heard the consort male's grunt and the female's copulation call played from separate speakers. As predicted, subjects responded strongly only in the test condition. Eavesdropping upon the temporal and spatial juxtaposition of other individuals' vocalizations may be one strategy by which male baboons achieve sneaky matings. |
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refbase @ user @ |
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816 |
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