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Author | Dudchenko, P.A.; Davidson, M. | ||||
Title | Rats use a sense of direction to alternate on T-mazes located in adjacent rooms | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2002 | Publication | Animal Cognition | Abbreviated Journal | Anim. Cogn. |
Volume | 5 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 115-118 |
Keywords | Animals; *Cognition; Male; *Maze Learning; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Space Perception | ||||
Abstract | Lister hooded rats were trained on a forced-sample T-maze alternation task in an environment lacking spatial landmarks. An early study of spontaneous alternation on the T-maze had shown that rats use a “spatial sense” to select alternate maze arms across mazes. As this phenomenon may provide a useful tool for studying the neural substrates of a directional sense, we wished to confirm this finding on a different version of the T-maze task, with well-trained animals. We found that rats successfully selected the appropriate maze arm when the choice phase of the task was presented on a second maze, oriented in the same direction, and located in an adjacent room. However, choice performance fell to chance level when the second maze was oriented 90 degrees relative to the first. This result suggests that the rats do not simply alternate turns across the two environments, but rather that they rely on a sense of direction that is carried across environments. | ||||
Address | Department of Psychology, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK. p.a.dudchenko@stir.ac.uk | ||||
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Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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ISSN | 1435-9448 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | PMID:12150036 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2608 | ||
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Author | Chase, I.D.; Tovey, C.; Spangler-Martin, D.; Manfredonia, M. | ||||
Title | Individual differences versus social dynamics in the formation of animal dominance hierarchies | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2002 | Publication | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |
Volume | 99 | Issue | 8 | Pages | 5744-5749 |
Keywords | Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Fishes; Humans; *Social Behavior; *Social Dominance | ||||
Abstract | Linear hierarchies, the classical pecking-order structures, are formed readily in both nature and the laboratory in a great range of species including humans. However, the probability of getting linear structures by chance alone is quite low. In this paper we investigate the two hypotheses that are proposed most often to explain linear hierarchies: they are predetermined by differences in the attributes of animals, or they are produced by the dynamics of social interaction, i.e., they are self-organizing. We evaluate these hypotheses using cichlid fish as model animals, and although differences in attributes play a significant part, we find that social interaction is necessary for high proportions of groups with linear hierarchies. Our results suggest that dominance hierarchy formation is a much richer and more complex phenomenon than previously thought, and we explore the implications of these results for evolutionary biology, the social sciences, and the use of animal models in understanding human social organization. | ||||
Address | Department of Sociology, State University of New York, Stony Brook, NY 11794-4356, USA. Ichase@notes.cc.sunysb.edu | ||||
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Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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ISSN | 0027-8424 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | PMID:11960030 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 442 | ||
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Author | Barnard, C.J.; Luo, N. | ||||
Title | Acquisition of dominance status affects maze learning in mice | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2002 | Publication | Behavioural Processes | Abbreviated Journal | Behav. Process. |
Volume | 60 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 53-59 |
Keywords | Social status; Learning; Radial maze; Mouse | ||||
Abstract | Learning is likely to be costly and thus subject to trade-off with other components of life history. An obvious prediction, therefore, is that investment in learning, and thus learning performance, will vary with individual life history strategy and the reproductive value of the learning outcome. We tested this idea in the context of social dominance in male laboratory mice, using a simple radial maze paradigm to compare the ability of high- and low-ranking male mice to track changing food location. We tested animals in randomly selected pairs before and after establishing aggressive rank relationships to distinguish intrinsic differences in learning ability from those attributable to acquiring high or low rank. There was no difference in learning between later dominants and subordinates prior to establishing rank relationships. After pairing, however, dominants showed a significantly greater percentage of correct responses, with the difference being greatest earlier in a sequence of trials. The percentage of correct responses also increased with the amount of aggression initiated during pairing. The results thus appeared to reflect a state-dependent change in learning associated with the aggressive social relationships formed during pairing. | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 2075 | |||
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Author | Aureli, F.; Cords, M.; van Schaik, C.P. | ||||
Title | Conflict resolution following aggression in gregarious animals: a predictive framework | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2002 | Publication | Animal Behaviour. | Abbreviated Journal | Anim. Behav. |
Volume | 64 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 325-343 |
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Abstract | Knowledge of how animals manage their conflicts is critical for understanding the dynamics of social systems. During the last two decades research on gregarious animals, especially primates, has focused on the mechanisms of conflict management, mainly on friendly postconflict reunions (also called `reconciliation') in which former opponents exchange affiliative behaviour soon after an aggressive conflict. Our aim in this paper is to present a framework in which the costs and benefits of friendly postconflict reunions, both for each individual opponent and for their mutual relationship, are used to predict the patterning of postconflict resolution mechanisms in other gregarious animals. The framework predicts the occurrence of postconflict reunions in species that live in stable social units, have individualized relationships, and experience postconflict hostility, but especially in those in which intragroup aggression disrupts valuable relationships. The critical issue is whether aggressive conflicts occur between cooperative partners and whether the level of aggression is sufficient to jeopardize the benefits associated with such valuable relationships. We conclude by proposing four research priorities to evaluate the role of friendly reunions in negotiating relationships and the way they are themselves influenced by asymmetries in partner value and biological market effects. Copyright 2002 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 299 | ||
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Author | Drapier, M.; Chauvin, C.; Thierry, B. | ||||
Title | Tonkean macaques ( Macaca tonkeana) find food sources from cues conveyed by group-mates | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2002 | Publication | Animal Cognition | Abbreviated Journal | Anim. Cogn. |
Volume | 5 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 159-165 |
Keywords | *Animal Communication; Animals; *Cognition; *Feeding Behavior; Food; *Macaca; Male; Smell; *Social Behavior; Visual Perception | ||||
Abstract | It is possible that non-specialised cues transmitted by conspecifics guide animals' food search provided they have the cognitive abilities needed to read these cues. Macaques often check the mouth of their group-mates by olfactory and/or visual inspection. We investigated whether Tonkean macaques ( Macaca tonkeana) can find the location of distant food on the basis of cues conveyed by group-mates. The subjects of the study were two 6-year-old males, who belonged to a social group of Tonkean macaques raised in semi-free-ranging conditions. In a first experiment, we tested whether the subject can choose between two sites after having sniffed a partner who has just eaten food corresponding to one of the sites. We found that both subjects were able to choose the matching site significantly above the chance level. This demonstrated that Tonkean macaques are capable of delayed olfactory matching. They could associate a food location with an odour conveyed by a partner. In a second experiment, the same subjects were allowed to see their partner through a Plexiglas window. Both subjects were still able to choose the matching site, demonstrating they could rely on visual cues alone. Passive recruitment of partners appears possible in macaques. They can improve their foraging performances by finding the location of environmental resources from olfactory or visual cues conveyed by group-mates. | ||||
Address | Equipe d'Ethologie et Ecologie Comportementale des Primates, Centre d'Ecologie et Physiologie Energetiques, CNRS UPR 9010, 7 rue de l'Universite, 67000 Strasbourg, France | ||||
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Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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ISSN | 1435-9448 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | PMID:12357288 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2597 | ||
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Author | Fremouw, T.; Herbranson, W.T.; Shimp, C.P. | ||||
Title | Dynamic shifts of pigeon local/global attention | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2002 | Publication | Animal Cognition | Abbreviated Journal | Anim. Cogn. |
Volume | 5 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 233-243 |
Keywords | Animals; Attention/*physiology; *Behavior, Animal; Columbidae/*physiology; Male; Reaction Time; Visual Perception/*physiology | ||||
Abstract | It has previously been shown that pigeons can shift attention between parts and wholes of complex stimuli composed of larger, “global” characters constructed from smaller, “local” characters. The base-rate procedure used biased target level within any condition at either the local or global level; targets were more likely at one level than at the other. Biasing of target level in this manner demonstrated shifts of local/global attention over a time span consisting of several days with a fixed base rate. Experiment 1 examined the possibility that pigeons can shift attention between local and global levels of perceptual analysis in seconds rather than days. The experiment used priming cues the color of which predicted on a trial-by-trial basis targets at different perceptual levels. The results confirmed that pigeons, like humans, can display highly dynamic stimulus-driven shifts of local/global attention. Experiment 2 changed spatial relations between features of priming cues and features of targets within a task otherwise similar to that used in experiment 1. It was predicted that this change in cues might affect asymmetry but not the occurrence of a priming effect. A priming effect was again obtained, thereby providing generality to the claim that pigeons can learn that trial-by-trial primes predict targets at different levels of perceptual analysis. Pigeons can display perceptual, stimulus-driven priming of a highly dynamic nature. | ||||
Address | Department of Psychology, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-1650, USA | ||||
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Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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ISSN | 1435-9448 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | PMID:12461601 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2589 | ||
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Author | Moons, C.; Heleski, C.R.; Leece, C.M.; Zanella, A.J. | ||||
Title | Conflicting Results in the Association Between Plasma and Salivary Cortisol Levels in Foals | Type | Manuscript | ||
Year | 2002 | Publication | Havemeier Workshop | Abbreviated Journal | |
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Abstract | Introduction Glucocorticoids are present in many biological fluids as a free fraction or bound to Corticoid Binding Globulins (CBG) (Matteri et al, 2000). There are conflicting claims regarding the validity of saliva as a biological fluid to measure cortisol in horses (Lebelt et al, 1996; McGreevy and Pell, 1998; van der Kolk et al, 2001). Measuring changes in salivary cortisol levels in normal horses and horses with Cushing`s disease van der Kolk and collaborators (2001) demonstrated the validity of saliva to assess adrenal function. Puzzling results were reported by McGreevy and Pell (1998) who suggested that plasma and salivary cortisol concentrations in horses showing oral stereotypies were correlated but this association was non-existent in control animals. Investigating the responses of foals to branding and foot-trimming Zanella et al (unpublished results) were unable to identify a relationship between plasma and salivary cortisol levels in foals. In several species, levels of cortisol in plasma and saliva are tightly correlated (Fenske, 1996). Cortisol found in blood consists of a fraction bound to corticoid binding globulin (CBG) and a free, unbound fraction. Free cortisol represents the biologically active fraction of this steroid hormone. Salivary cortisol reflects the unbound fraction found in plasma or serum and it passes readily through the parotid membrane (Riad-Fahmy, 1983; Horning Walker et al,1977). Unbound steroids transfer rapidly between plasma and saliva (Walker,1989; Scott et al 1990). Saliva flow-rate does not appear to influence saliva cortisol levels in different species (Hubert and de Jong-Meyer, 1989; Walker 1989, Scott et a, 1990). In horses, Lebelt et al (1996) reported that salivary and plasma total cortisol in stallions were correlated. We hypothesized that changes in salivary cortisol in foals would show a pattern that is correlated to that of plasma free and plasma total cortisol concentrations in foals. In addition, we anticipated that the lack of good sampling techniques provides an explanation for the failure in determining the association between salivary and plasma cortisol in foals. |
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 470 | ||
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Author | Podsakoff, P.M.; MacKenzie, S. B.; Lee, J.-Y.; Podsakoff, N. P. | ||||
Title | Common method biases in behavioral research: A critical review of the literature and recommended remedies. | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2002 | Publication | Journal of Applied Psychology | Abbreviated Journal | J. Appl. Psychol. |
Volume | 85 | Issue | 5 | Pages | 879-903 |
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Abstract | Interest in the problem of method biases has a long history in the behavioral sciences. Despite this, a comprehensive summary of the potential sources of method biases and how to control for them does not exist. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to examine the extent to which method biases influence behavioral research results, identify potential sources of method biases, discuss the cognitive processes through which method biases influence responses to measures, evaluate the many different procedural and statistical techniques that can be used to control method biases, and provide recommendations for how to select appropriate procedural and statistical remedies for different types of research settings. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) $11.95 |
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6435 | ||
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Author | Tibbetts, E.A. | ||||
Title | Visual signals of individual identity in the wasp Polistes fuscatus | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2002 | Publication | Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. |
Volume | 269 | Issue | 1423 | Pages | 1423-1428 |
Keywords | hymenoptera; individual-recognition; learning-insect | ||||
Abstract | Individual recognition is an essential component of interactions in many social systems, but insects are often thought incapable of the sophistication necessary to recognize individuals. If this were true, it would impose limits on the societies that insects could form. For example, queens and workers of the paper wasp Polistes fuscatus form a linear dominance hierarchy that determines how food, work and reproduction are divided within the colony. Such a stable hierarchy would be facilitated if individuals of different ranks have some degree of recognition. P. fuscatus wasps have, to our knowledge, previously undocumented variability in their yellow facial and abdominal markings that are intriguing candidates for signals of individual identity. Here, I describe these highly variable markings and experimentally test whether P. fuscatus queens and workers use these markings to identify individual nest-mates visually. I demonstrate that individuals whose yellow markings are experimentally altered with paint receive more aggression than control wasps who are painted in a way that does not alter their markings. Further, aggression declines towards wasps with experimentally altered markings as these novel markings become familiar to their nestmates. This evidence for individual recognition in P. fuscatus indicates that interactions between insects may be even more complex than previously anticipated. Full |
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Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ 929 | Serial | 4732 | ||
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Author | Tebbich, S.; Bshary, R.; Grutter, A.S. | ||||
Title | Cleaner fish Labroides dimidiatus recognise familiar clients | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2002 | Publication | Animal Cognition | Abbreviated Journal | Anim. Cogn. |
Volume | 5 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 139-145 |
Keywords | Adaptation, Physiological; Animals; *Evolution; *Fishes; Motivation; *Recognition (Psychology); Social Behavior; Visual Perception | ||||
Abstract | Individual recognition has been attributed a crucial role in the evolution of complex social systems such as helping behaviour and cooperation. A classical example for interspecific cooperation is the mutualism between the cleaner fish Labroides dimidiatus and its client reef fish species. For stable cooperation to evolve, it is generally assumed that partners interact repeatedly and remember each other's past behaviour. Repeated interactions may be achieved by site fidelity or individual recognition. However, as some cleaner fish have more than 2,300 interactions per day with various individuals per species and various species of clients, basic assumptions of cooperation theory might be violated in this mutualism. We tested the cleaner L. dimidiatus and its herbivorous client, the surgeon fish Ctenochaetus striatus, for their ability to distinguish between a familiar and an unfamiliar partner in a choice experiment. Under natural conditions, cleaners and clients have to build up their relationship, which is probably costly for both. We therefore predicted that both clients and cleaners should prefer the familiar partner in our choice experiment. We found that cleaners spent significantly more time near the familiar than the unfamiliar clients in the first 2 minutes of the experiment. This indicates the ability for individual recognition in cleaners. In contrast, the client C. striatus showed no significant preference. This could be due to a sampling artefact, possibly due to a lack of sufficient motivation. Alternatively, clients may not need to recognise their cleaners but instead remember the defined territories of L. dimidiatus to achieve repeated interactions with the same individual. | ||||
Address | Max Planck Institute for Behaviour and Physiology, 82319 Seewiesen, Germany. tebbich@ss20.mpi-seewiesen.mpg.de | ||||
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Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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ISSN | 1435-9448 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | PMID:12357286 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2599 | ||
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