| Records |
| Author |
Anderson, J.R.; Fornasieri, I.; Ludes, E.; Roeder, J.-J. |
| Title |
Social processes and innovative behaviour in changing groups of lemur fulvus |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1992 |
Publication |
Behavioural Processes |
Abbreviated Journal |
Behav. Process. |
| Volume |
27 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
101-112 |
| Keywords |
Social learning; Lemur fulvus; Dominance; Individual differences |
Abstract  |
A group of brown lemurs was presented with one or two baited food-boxes requiring a specific type of motor response in order to be opened. Subsequently, four groups containing different combinations of experienced individuals from the original group and naive individuals were tested. Solutions to the problem and access to the food were recorded and considered in relation to social factors. In the original group, two adult males learned to open the boxes, with one male increasingly preventing the other from approaching. In the second group, with the subordinate male and certain females removed, the dominant male tolerated successful performances by a juvenile female. Group 3 consisted of three passive female participants from the original group and a naive female; one of the three original females now became the sole box-opener. The introduction of the subordinate male from the original group into the all-female group led to a sharing of box-opening by this subject and the skilled female. In the final group, intense aggression toward the skilled female by a new, naive adult male resulted in two previously passive females succeeding on some occasions. In lemurs, at least some `scroungers' appear able to learn to perform a new act when the social context permits. |
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refbase @ user @ |
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576 |
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| Author |
Romano, N.; Vitale, F.; Alesi, D.R.; Bonura, F.; La Licata, R.; Intonazzo, V.; Dardanoni, G.; Mammina, C. |
| Title |
The changing pattern of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection in intravenous drug users. Results of a six-year seroprevalence study in Palermo, Italy |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1992 |
Publication |
American Journal of Epidemiology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Am J Epidemiol |
| Volume |
135 |
Issue |
11 |
Pages |
1189-1196 |
| Keywords |
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*epidemiology; Adolescent; Adult; Chi-Square Distribution; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; HIV Antibodies/blood; HIV Infections/*epidemiology; HIV Seroprevalence/*trends; *Hiv-1; Hepatitis B Antibodies/blood; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens/blood; Heroin; Humans; Incidence; Italy/epidemiology; Logistic Models; Male; Multivariate Analysis; Odds Ratio; Prevalence; Risk Factors; Substance Abuse, Intravenous/*epidemiology; Time Factors |
| Abstract |
A cross-sectional seroepidemiologic study was carried out between 1985 and 1990 in 1,567 heterosexual intravenous drug users who had been seen at the AIDS Regional Reference Center in Palermo, Italy, to evaluate the rate of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) seroprevalence in this group and its long-term trend. Sixty serum samples collected from drug users in 1980 and 1983, before the founding of the Center (1985), were tested as well. Some demographic and behavioral risk factors were studied in a subgroup of intravenous drug users enrolled in 1985, 1987, and 1990 for their possible association with HIV-1. These factors were also studied in relation to hepatitis B virus infection, since both viruses share the same modes of spread. These drug users had a higher prevalence of markers for hepatitis B virus than of HIV-1 antibodies, and the prevalence rates in sera collected declined over time for both infections. The presence of both antibodies to HIV-1 and markers for hepatitis B virus was independently associated with the age of the drug user, the duration of drug use, and the year of serum collection. Antibodies to HIV-1 were observed more frequently in females than in males. No relation was found between education or employment status and the presence of HIV-1 antibodies or hepatitis B virus markers. Although new HIV-1 infections still occur, the decline in seroprevalence observed at the end of the 1980s might be related to modifications in social behavior among newer drug users, partial exhaustion of the susceptible population, and increasing risk awareness in more experienced users. |
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Giuseppe D'Alessandro Department of Hygiene and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Palermo, Italy |
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English |
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0002-9262 |
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| Notes |
PMID:1626537 |
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no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5258 |
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| Author |
Mills, M.G.L.; Shenk, M.G.L. |
| Title |
Predator--Prey Relationships: The Impact of Lion Predation on Wildebeest and Zebra Populations |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1992 |
Publication |
The Journal of Animal Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
T. J. Anim. Ecol. |
| Volume |
61 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
693-702 |
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| Abstract |
1. The role of lion Panthera leo predation in the dynamics of blue wildebeest Connochaetes taurinus and zebra Equus burchelli populations was investigated through simulation models. The data used in the models were from intensive observations over 4 years in the south-east of the Kruger National Park. 2. Population estimates of wildebeest and zebra were made from aerial surveys, sex and age ratios from ground counts. Lion numbers were determined from observations of marked and radio-collared animals. Predation was studied by following lions for continuous periods of up to 336 h. 3. Two models were constructed. Model 1 ascertained the number of killing lions (adult females) that could be supported by each prey population while remaining stable. A single model was constructed for the sedentary wildebeest population. A summer and winter model was constructed for the semi-migratory zebra population. The sensitivity of the parameters in the model was tested by changing their value by 10%. In model 2, the kill age structure for each species was changed to determine the number of killing lions the altered prey selection parameters could support. 4. There was no difference in the vulnerability of either species to predation. Zebra foals (<1 year) were killed more frequently than expected. No selection for sex or by season could be found for either species. 5. Model 1 predicted that the wildebeest population stabilizes with 7.7 killing lions, close to the number in the study area. The winter zebra population stabilizes with 6.8 killing lions and the summer zebra population with 19.4. Manipulation of kill rate followed by adult fecundity rate had the greatest effect on population size of both species. In model 2, wildebeest predation was made selective towards calves and zebra predation was made non-selective for sex and age. With these parameters the wildebeest population stabilizes with 10.7 killing lions and the zebra population with 5.4 in winter and 15.1 in summer. 6. The models suggest that lion predation affected wildebeest more severely than zebra during the study. This was through the way in which lions selected their prey, and because of the sedentary behaviour of the wildebeest, as opposed to the semi-migratory behaviour of the zebra. |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2376 |
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| Author |
Elzenga, J. W, |
| Title |
Why zebras are striped |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
1992 |
Publication |
Swara |
Abbreviated Journal |
Swara |
| Volume |
15 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
28-30 |
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| Notes |
from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
Approved |
yes |
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Serial |
1068 |
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| Author |
Winkler A, |
| Title |
The feeding ecology of the Cape Mountain zebra in the Mountain Zebra National Park |
Type |
Manuscript |
| Year |
1992 |
Publication |
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Doctoral thesis |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
Approved |
yes |
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Serial |
1713 |
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Munthali, S.M.; Banda, H.M. |
| Title |
Distribution and abundance of the common ungulates of Nyika National Park |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1992 |
Publication |
Afr. J. Ecol |
Abbreviated Journal |
Afr. J. Ecol |
| Volume |
30 |
Issue |
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Pages |
203-212 |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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2390 |
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| Author |
Leng, V. |
| Title |
Das Vielseitigkeitspferd. Der Vielseitigkeitsreiter. Ausbildung, Training, Event. |
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Book Whole |
| Year |
1992 |
Publication |
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Blv Verlagsgesellschaft |
Place of Publication |
München |
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3 405 14344 6 |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4438 |
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| Author |
Nowak, M.A.; Sigmund, K. |
| Title |
Tit for tat in heterogeneous populations |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1992 |
Publication |
Nature |
Abbreviated Journal |
Nature |
| Volume |
355 |
Issue |
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Pages |
250-253 |
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| Notes |
10.1038/355250a0 |
Approved |
no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4842 |
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| Author |
de Waal, F. B. M. |
| Title |
Coalitions as part of reciprocal relations in the Arnhem chimpanzee colony |
Type |
Book Chapter |
| Year |
1992 |
Publication |
Coalitions and Alliances in Humans and Other Animals |
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233-257 |
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Oxford University Press |
Place of Publication |
Oxford |
Editor |
Harcourt, A.H.; de Waal, F.B.M. |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4877 |
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| Author |
Reeve, H.K. |
| Title |
Queen activation of lazy workers in colonies of the eusocial naked mole-rat |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1992 |
Publication |
Nature |
Abbreviated Journal |
Nature |
| Volume |
358 |
Issue |
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Pages |
147-149 |
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| Notes |
10.1038/358147a0 |
Approved |
no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4921 |
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