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Author | Dunbar, Robin I. M. | ||||
Title | The social brain hypothesis | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1998 | Publication | Evolutionary Anthropology: Issues, News, and Reviews | Abbreviated Journal | Evol. Anthropol. |
Volume | 6 | Issue | 5 | Pages | 178-190 |
Keywords | brain size – neocortex – social brain hypothesis – social skills – mind reading – primates | ||||
Abstract | Conventional wisdom over the past 160 years in the cognitive and neurosciences has assumed that brains evolved to process factual information about the world. Most attention has therefore been focused on such features as pattern recognition, color vision, and speech perception. By extension, it was assumed that brains evolved to deal with essentially ecological problem-solving tasks. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc. | ||||
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Notes | Robin Dunbar is Professor of Evolutionary Psychology and Behavioural Ecology at the University of Liverpool, England. His research primarily focuses on the behavioral ecology of ungulates and human and nonhuman primates, and on the cognitive mechanisms and brain components that underpin the decisions that animals make. He runs a large research group, with graduate students working on many different species on four continents. | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4371 | ||
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Author | Rubenstein, D. I.; Hack, M. A. | ||||
Title | Horse signals: The sounds and scents of fury | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1992 | Publication | Evolutionary Ecology | Abbreviated Journal | Evol. Ecol. |
Volume | 6 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 254-260 |
Keywords | ommunication – combat – fighting ability – individual identity – signals – information – assessment – displays | ||||
Abstract | During contests animals typically exchange information about fighting ability. Among feral horses these signals involve olfactory or acoustical elements and each type can effectively terminate contests before physical contact becomes necessary. Dung transplant experiments show that for stallions, irrespective of rank, olfactory signals such as dung sniffing encode information about familiarity suggesting that such signals can be used as signatures. As such they can provide indirect information about fighting ability as long as opponents associate identity with past performance. Play-back experiments, however, show that vocalizations, such as squeals, directly provide information about status regardless of stallion familiarity. Sonographs reveal that squeals of dominants are longer than those of subordinates and that only those of dominants have at their onset high-frequency components. | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 506 | ||
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Author | Pepperberg, I.M. | ||||
Title | In search of king Solomon's ring: cognitive and communicative studies of Grey parrots (Psittacus erithacus) | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2002 | Publication | Brain, behavior and evolution | Abbreviated Journal | Brain Behav Evol |
Volume | 59 | Issue | 1-2 | Pages | 54-67 |
Keywords | *Animal Communication; Animals; Attention/physiology; Cognition/*physiology; Cues; Form Perception/physiology; Humans; Intelligence; Learning/physiology; Male; Models, Psychological; Parrots/*physiology; Psychomotor Performance/physiology; Reward; Social Behavior | ||||
Abstract | During the past 24 years, I have used a modeling technique (M/R procedure) to train Grey parrots to use an allospecific code (English speech) referentially; I then use the code to test their cognitive abilities. The oldest bird, Alex, labels more than 50 different objects, 7 colors, 5 shapes, quantities to 6, 3 categories (color, shape, material) and uses 'no', 'come here', wanna go X' and 'want Y' (X and Y are appropriate location or item labels). He combines labels to identify, request, comment upon or refuse more than 100 items and to alter his environment. He processes queries to judge category, relative size, quantity, presence or absence of similarity/difference in attributes, and show label comprehension. He semantically separates labeling from requesting. He thus exhibits capacities once presumed limited to humans or nonhuman primates. Studies on this and other Greys show that parrots given training that lacks some aspect of input present in M/R protocols (reference, functionality, social interaction) fail to acquire referential English speech. Examining how input affects the extent to which parrots acquire an allospecific code may elucidate mechanisms of other forms of exceptional learning: learning unlikely in the normal course of development but that can occur under certain conditions. | ||||
Address | The MIT Media Lab, Cambridge, Mass. 02139, USA. impepper@media.mit.edu | ||||
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Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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ISSN | 0006-8977 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | PMID:12097860 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 579 | ||
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Author | Ricard, A.; Chanu, I. | ||||
Title | Genetic parameters of eventing horse competition in France | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2001 | Publication | Genetics, Selection, Evolution. : GSE | Abbreviated Journal | Genet Sel Evol |
Volume | 33 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 175-190 |
Keywords | Animals; Behavior, Animal; Female; France; Genotype; Horses/*genetics; Male; Physical Conditioning, Animal; Selection (Genetics); *Sports; Stereotyped Behavior | ||||
Abstract | Genetic parameters of eventing horse competitions were estimated. About 13 000 horses, 30 000 annual results during 17 years and 110 000 starts in eventing competitions during 8 years were recorded. The measures of performance were logarithmic transformations of annual earnings, annual earnings per start, and annual earnings per place, and underlying variables responsible for ranks in each competition. Heritabilities were low (0.11 / 0.17 for annual results, 0.07 for ranks). Genetic correlations between criteria were high (greater than 0.90) except between ranks and earnings per place (0.58) or per start (0.67). Genetic correlations between ages (from 5 to 10 years old) were also high (more than 0.85) and allow selection on early performances. The genetic correlation between the results in different levels of competition (high/international and low/amateur) was near 1. Genetic correlations of eventing with other disciplines, which included partial aptitude needed for eventing, were very low for steeplechase races (0.18) and moderate with sport: jumping (0.45), dressage (0.58). The results suggest that selection on jumping performance will lead to some positive correlated response for eventing performance, but much more response could be obtained if a specific breeding objective and selection criteria were developed for eventing. | ||||
Address | Institut national de la recherche agronomique, Station de genetique quantitative et appliquee, 78352 Jouy-en-Josas Cedex, France. ugenata@dga.inra.fr | ||||
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Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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ISSN | 0999-193X | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | PMID:11333833 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 3728 | ||
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Author | Beck, B.B. | ||||
Title | Chimpocentrism: Bias in cognitive ethology | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1982 | Publication | Journal of Human Evolution | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 11 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 3-17 |
Keywords | herring gull; chimpanzee; cognition; tool-use; shell-dropping; mollusk; predation | ||||
Abstract | Herring gulls drop hard-shelled mollusks and hermit crab-inhabited molluskan prey in order to break the shells and gain access to the edible interior. A field study of predatory shell dropping on Cape Cod, Massachusetts, U.S.A. showed that the gulls usually drop the same shell repeatedly, orient directly to dropping sites that are invisible from the point at which the mollusks are captured, drop preferentially on hard surfaces, adjust dropping heights to suit the area and elasticity of the substrate, orient directly into the wind while dropping, sever the large defensive cheliped of hermit crabs before consumption, and rinse prey that is difficult to swallow. Proficiency in prey dropping is acquired through dropping objects in play, trial-and-error learning, and perhaps, observation learning. Observable attributes of predatory shell-dropping support inferences that the gulls are capable of extended concentration, purposefulness, mental representation of spatially and temporally displaced environmental features, cognitive mapping, cognitive modeling, selectivity, and strategy formation. Identical cognitive processes have been inferred to underlie the most sophisticated forms of chimpanzee tool-use. Advanced cognitive capacities are not restricted to chimpanzees and other pongids, and are not associated uniquely with tool use. The chimpocentric bias should be abandoned, and reconstructions of the evolution of intelligence should be modified accordingly. |
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Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4414 | ||
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Author | Krueger, K. | ||||
Title | Social Ecology of Horses | Type | Book Chapter | ||
Year | 2008 | Publication | Ecology of Social Evolution | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | Issue | Pages | 195-206 | ||
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Abstract | Horses (Equidae ) are believed to clearly demonstrate the links between ecology and social organization. Their social cognitive abilities enable them to succeed in many different environments, including those provided for them by humans, or the ones domestic horses encounter when escaping from their human care takers. Living in groups takes different shapes in equids. Their aggregation and group cohesion can be explained by Hamilton“s selfish herd theory. However, when an individual joins and to which group it joins appears to be an active individual decision depending on predation pressure, intra group harassment and resource availability. The latest research concerning the social knowledge horses display in eavesdropping experiments affirms the need for an extension of simple herd concepts in horses for a cognitive component. Horses obviously realize the social composition of their group and determine their own position in it. The horses exceedingly flexible social behavior demands for explanations about the cognitive mechanisms, which allow them to make individual decisions. ”Ecology conditions like those that favour the evolution of open behavioural programs sometimes also favour the evolution of the beginnings of consciousness, by favouring conscious choice. Or in other words, consciousness originates with the choice that are left open by open behavioural programs." Popper (1977) | ||||
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Publisher | Springer Verlag | Place of Publication | Heidelberg | Editor | j. Korb and J. Heinze |
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Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4387 | ||
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Author | Healy,S.; Braithwaite, V | ||||
Title | Cognitive ecology: a field of substance? | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2000 | Publication | Trends in Ecology & Evolution | Abbreviated Journal | Trends. Ecol. Evol |
Volume | 15 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 22-26 |
Keywords | Cognitive ecology; Neuroethology; Cognition; Ecology; Evolution; Orientation mechanisms | ||||
Abstract | In 1993, Les Real invented the label 'cognitive ecology'. This label was intended for work that brought cognitive science and behavioural ecology together. Real's article stressed the importance of such an approach to the understanding of behaviour. At the end of a decade in which more interdisciplinary work on behaviour has been seen than for many years, it is time to assess whether cognitive ecology is a label describing an active field. | ||||
Address | Division of Biological Sciences, King's Buildings, University of Edinburgh, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, UK EH9 3JT | ||||
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Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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ISSN | 0169-5347 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | PMID:10603501 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 837 | ||
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Author | Noë, R.; Hammerstein, P. | ||||
Title | Biological markets | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1995 | Publication | Trends in Ecology & Evolution | Abbreviated Journal | Trends. Ecol. Evol |
Volume | 10 | Issue | 8 | Pages | 336-339 |
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Abstract | In biological markets, two classes of traders exchange commodities to their mutual benefit. Characteristics of markets are: competition within trader classes by contest or outbidding; preference for partners offering the highest value; and conflicts over the exchange value of commodities. Biological markets are currently studied under at least three different headings: sexual selection, intraspecific cooperation and interspecific mutualism. The time is ripe for the development of game theoretic models that describe the common core of biological markets and integrate existing knowledge from the separate fields. | ||||
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ISSN | 0169-5347 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4993 | ||
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Author | Creel, S. | ||||
Title | Social dominance and stress hormones | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2001 | Publication | Trends in Ecology & Evolution | Abbreviated Journal | Trends. Ecol. Evol |
Volume | 16 | Issue | 9 | Pages | 491-497 |
Keywords | Dominance; rank; stress; glucocorticoids; cooperative breeding; sociality; behavioural endocrinology; mammals | ||||
Abstract | In most cooperatively breeding birds and mammals, reproductive rates are lower for social subordinates than for dominants, and it is common for reproduction in subordinates to be completely suppressed. Early research conducted in captivity showed that losing fights can increase glucocorticoid (GC) secretion, a general response to stress. Because GCs can suppress reproduction, it has been widely argued that chronic stress might underlie reproductive suppression of social subordinates in cooperative breeders. Contradicting this hypothesis, recent studies of cooperative breeders in the wild show that dominant individuals have elevated GCs more often than do subordinates. The findings that elevated GCs can be a consequence of subordination or a cost of dominance complicate the conventional view of social stress, with broad ramifications for the evolution of dominance and reproductive suppression. | ||||
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Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4072 | ||
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Author | Baragli, P.; Paoletti, E.; Vitale, V.; Sighieri, C. | ||||
Title | Looking in the correct location for a hidden object: brief note about the memory of donkeys (Equus asinus) | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2011 | Publication | Ethology Ecology & Evolution | Abbreviated Journal | Ethology Ecology & Evolution |
Volume | 23 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 187-192 |
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Abstract | In recent years, considerable literature has been published on cognition in horses; however, much less is known about the cognitive abilities of domestic donkey (Equus asinus). This study aimed to expand our knowledge of donkey cognition by assessing their short-term memory capacity. We employed a detour problem combined with the classic delayed-response task, which has been extensively used to compare working memory duration in a variety of different species. A two-point choice apparatus was used to investigate location recall and search behaviour for a food target, after a short delay following its disappearance. Four donkeys completed the task with a 10 sec delay, while four others were tested with a 30 sec delay. Overall, each group performed above chance level on the test, showing that subjects had successfully encoded, maintained, and retrieved the existence and location of the target despite the loss of visual contact. | ||||
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Publisher | Taylor & Francis | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
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ISSN | 0394-9370 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | doi: 10.1080/03949370.2011.554885 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6177 | ||
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