| Records |
| Author |
Sárová, R.; Spinka, M.; Panamá, J.L.A.; Simecek, P. |
| Title |
Graded leadership by dominant animals in a herd of female beef cattle on pasture |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2010 |
Publication |
Animal Behaviour. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Behav. |
| Volume |
79 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
1037-1045 |
| Keywords |
Bos taurus; cattle; dominance; foraging; Gps; group movement; leadership |
Abstract  |
The role of dominant individuals in leading groups of animals is not yet well understood. We investigated whether dominant beef cows, Bos taurus, have more influence on herd movement on pasture than more subordinate cows. A herd of 15 Gasconne cows was observed for a 3-week period between dawn and dusk. The positions of all adult cows were recorded with GPS collars at 1 min intervals and the behaviour of each cow was recorded in 5 min scans. The dominance hierarchy was recorded by ad libitum sampling. Through cluster analysis of the recorded data, we distinguished three herd behaviour patterns: resting, foraging and travelling. Dominant cows were closer to the front of the herd during both travelling and foraging. During travelling, more dominant cows also had more direct trajectories and were more aligned both with their nearest neighbours and with the whole herd. During foraging, the trajectories of dominant cows were shorter than those of subordinate cows. The results indicate that foraging and short-distance travelling movements by female beef cattle are not led by any particular individual but rather are influenced by a graded type of leadership; that is, the more dominant a cow is, the stronger the influence it may have on the movements of the herd. |
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0003-3472 |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5271 |
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| Author |
Sinha, A. |
| Title |
Knowledge acquired and decisions made: triadic interactions during allogrooming in wild bonnet macaques, Macaca radiata |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1998 |
Publication |
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences |
Abbreviated Journal |
Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci |
| Volume |
353 |
Issue |
1368 |
Pages |
619-631 |
| Keywords |
Aggression; Animals; Cognition; Computer Simulation; Decision Making; Evolution; Female; Grooming; Logistic Models; Macaca radiata/*psychology; *Social Behavior; Social Dominance |
| Abstract |
The pressures of developing and maintaining intricate social relationships may have led to the evolution of enhanced cognitive abilities in many nonhuman primates. Knowledge of the dominance ranks and social relationships of other individuals, in particular, is important in evaluating one's position in the rank hierarchy and affiliative networks. Triadic interactions offer an excellent opportunity to examine whether decisions are taken by individuals on the basis of such knowledge. Allogrooming supplants among wild female bonnet macaques (macaca radiata) usually involved the subordinate female of a grooming dyad retreating at the approach of a female dominant to both members of the dyad. In a few exceptional cases, however, the dominant member of the dyad retreated; simple non-cognitive hypotheses involving dyadic rank differences and agonistic relationships failed to explain this phenomenon. Instead, retreat by the dominant individual was positively correlated with the social attractiveness of her subordinate companion (as measured by the duration of grooming received by the latter from other females in the troop). This suggests that not only does an individual evaluate relationships among other females, but does so on the basis of the amount of grooming received by them. Similarly, the frequency of approaches received by any female was correlated with her social attractiveness when she was the dominant member of the dyad, but not when she was the subordinate. This indicated that approaching females might be aware of the relative dominance ranks of the two allogrooming individuals. In logistic regression analyses, the probability of any individual retreating was found to be influenced more by her knowledge of her rank difference with both the other interactants, rather than by their absolute ranks. Moreover, information about social attractiveness appeared to be used in terms of correlated dominance ranks. The nature of knowledge acquired by bonnet macaque females may thus be egotistical in that other individuals are evaluated relative to oneself, integrative in that information about all other interactants is used simultaneously, and hierarchical in the ability to preferentially use certain categories of knowledge for the storage of related information from other domains. |
| Address |
National Centre for Biological Sciences, TIFR Centre, Bangalore, India |
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English |
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| ISSN |
0962-8436 |
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| Notes |
PMID:9602536 |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4362 |
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| Author |
Schooening, B. |
| Title |
Ethology of the horse |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1998 |
Publication |
Praktische Tierarzt |
Abbreviated Journal |
Prakt. Tierarzt |
| Volume |
79 |
Issue |
6 Suppl. |
Pages |
25-28 |
| Keywords |
Dominance; Ethology; Horse; Propedeutics |
| Abstract |
The paper starts with a short introduction/definition about ethology and the used methods in this scientific field, giving special examples for horses and about how their “normal behaviour” is measured. The behaviour repertoire of horses is described in a brief outline with special emphasis on their social systems and hierarchies and the problem of dominance, especially in interaction with humans. Schlütersche GmbH & Co. KG, Verlag und Druckerei. |
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Saselbergweg 32, 22395 Hamburg, Germany |
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0032681x (Issn) |
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| Notes |
Cited By (since 1996): 1; Export Date: 21 April 2007; Source: Scopus; Language of Original Document: German; Correspondence Address: Schoßning, B.Saselbergweg 32 22395 Hamburg, Germany; email: Dr.B.Schoening@t-online.de |
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refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
789 |
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| Author |
de Waal, F.B. |
| Title |
The organization of agonistic relations within two captive groups of Java-monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1977 |
Publication |
Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie |
Abbreviated Journal |
Z. Tierpsychol. |
| Volume |
44 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
225-282 |
| Keywords |
Age Factors; Aggression; Animals; Behavior, Animal/*physiology; Competitive Behavior/*physiology; Fear; Female; Haplorhini; Humans; Macaca/*physiology; Macaca fascicularis/*physiology; Male; Sex Factors; Social Behavior; Social Dominance |
| Abstract |
The paper offers a detailed quantitative descripition of the distribution of agonistic activities over the members of two groups of Java-monkeys (Macaca fascicularis). These groups lived in captivity and were well-established: i.e. they had an extensive network of genealogical relationships. The study pays special attention to agonistic interactions with three or more participants. Its main purpose is an analysis of the way dyadic agonistic relations (e.g. dominance relations) are affected by third group members and the relations among these. The paper presents data on the ontogeny of 'dependent dominance', the 'control role' of the alpha-male, and the functions of different types of alliances. |
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English |
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0044-3573 |
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| Notes |
PMID:412345 |
Approved |
no |
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refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
213 |
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| Author |
Nelissen, M.H.J. |
| Title |
The effect of tied rank numbers on the linearity of dominance hierarchies |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1986 |
Publication |
Behavioural Processes |
Abbreviated Journal |
Behav. Process. |
| Volume |
12 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
159-168 |
| Keywords |
dominance hierarchy, linearity, Landau's index, despotism |
| Abstract |
The occurence of tied rank numbers in dominance hierarchies is discussed, especially its effect on the linearity of the hierarchy. This linearity is measured with Landau's index, that is calculated for several hierarchies with tied ranks on one, two of three levels. Linearity is mostly affected by ties in small groups with many ties. A distinction is made between a hierarchy of individuals and hierarchical levels. The phenomenon of despotism is called an extreme case of tied ranks. It is proposed to regard hierarchies with a linearity in a continuous scale. |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4285 |
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| Author |
Sarova, R.; Spinka, M.; Panama, J.L.A. |
| Title |
Synchronization and leadership in switches between resting and activity in a beef cattle herd--A case study |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2007 |
Publication |
Applied Animal Behaviour Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. |
| Volume |
108 |
Issue |
3-4 |
Pages |
327-331 |
| Keywords |
Beef cattle; Activity synchronization; Leadership; Dominance |
| Abstract |
The mechanisms of activity synchronization in group living ungulates are not well understood. In a case study on herd of 15 Gasconne beef cows with calves observed during a total of 25 summer daylight periods in 2004 and 2005, we examined whether cows similar to each other in body weight or in reproductive status were more synchronized and whether the timing of activity switches were determined by specific leading animals. We calculated the synchronization of all possible pairs of cows in the herd and tested the effects of similarity in body weight and in reproductive status (lactating versus non-lactating) on synchronization in the pair. Further, we assessed whether any specific individuals, and especially the dominant cows, were more able, through their own activity switch, to incite another cow to follow shortly with her switch in activity. We found that body weight differences had a negative influence on pair synchronization (GLMM, F1,65 = 6.79; p < 0.05), but reproductive status did not affect the synchronization. Cows' individual identity explained only a small proportion (<2%) of variability in intervals between switches of subsequent cows. Furthermore, dominance status of an individual cow did not correlate with mean interval between her activity switches and activity switches of the next cow (lying down: Spearman correlation, rs = -0.16, n = 14, p > 0.10; standing up: Spearman correlation, rs = -0.38, n = 14, p > 0.10), indicating that there were no leading animals initiating switches in activity in our herd. |
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no |
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Serial |
2025 |
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| Author |
Houpt, K.A.; Parsons, M.S.; Hintz, H.F. |
| Title |
Learning ability of orphan foals, of normal foals and of their mothers |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1982 |
Publication |
Journal of animal science |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Anim Sci. |
| Volume |
55 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
1027-1032 |
| Keywords |
Age Factors; Animals; Body Weight; Dominance-Subordination; Female; Horses/*physiology; *Learning; *Maternal Deprivation; Mothers/*psychology |
| Abstract |
The maze learning ability of six pony foals that had been weaned at birth was compared to that of six foals reared normally. The foals' learning ability was also compared to their mothers' learning ability at the same task; the correct turn in a single choice point maze. The maze learning test was conducted when the foals were 6 to 8 mo old and after the mothered foals had been weaned. There was no significant difference between the ability of orphaned (weaned at birth) and mothered foals in their ability to learn to turn left (6 +/- .7 and 5.1 +/- .1 trials, respectively) or to learn the reversal, to turn right (6.7 +/- .6 and 6.2 +/- .6 trials, respectively). The orphan foals spent significantly more time in the maze in their first exposure to it than the mothered foals (184 +/- 42 vs 55 +/- 15 s. Mann Whitney U = 7, P less than .05). The mothers of the foals (n = 11) learned to turn left as rapidly as the foals (5.9 +/- .7 trials), but they were slower to learn to turn right (9.8 +/- 1.4 vs 6.4 +/- .4 trials, Mann Whitney U = 33, P less than .05), indicating that the younger horses learned more rapidly. There was no correlation between the trials to criteria of the mare and those of her foal, but there was a significant negative correlation between rank in trials to criteria and age (r = -65, P less than .05) when data from the mare and foal trials were combined. The dominance hierarchy of the mares was determined using a paired feeding test in which two horses competed for one bucket of feed. Although there was no correlation between rank in the hierarchy and maze learning ability, there was a correlation between body weight and rank in the hierarchy (r = .7, P less than .05). This may indicate either that heavier horses are likely to be dominant or that horses high in dominance gain more weight. Maternal deprivation did not appear to seriously retard learning of a simple maze by foals, although the orphans moved more slowly initially. The lack of maternal influence on learning is also reflected in the lack of correlation between the mare's learning ability and that of her foal. Young horses appear to learn more rapidly than older horses. |
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English |
Summary Language |
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0021-8812 |
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| Notes |
PMID:7174546 |
Approved |
no |
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refbase @ user @ |
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58 |
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| Author |
Manson, J.H.; Perry, S.; Stahl, D. |
| Title |
Reconciliation in wild white-faced capuchins (Cebus capucinus) |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2005 |
Publication |
American journal of primatology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Am. J. Primatol. |
| Volume |
65 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
205-219 |
| Keywords |
Aggression; Animals; Cebus/*psychology; Female; Male; Sex Factors; *Social Behavior; Social Dominance; Time Factors |
| Abstract |
The likelihood of reconciliation (defined as preferential peaceful contact among former opponents following conflicts) has been predicted to vary positively with relationship value and compatibility, and negatively with relationship security. Long-term data on wild white-faced capuchins (Cebus capucinus) indicate that dyads consisting of an adult female and an alpha male have high value and compatibility, but low security. Two studies of C. capucinus postconflict (PC) behavior were carried out at Lomas Barbudal Biological Reserve, Costa Rica. One study consisted of 30-min PC and matched control (MC) follows. The second study extracted PC and MC periods from long follows, yielding PC/MC periods averaging 105 min. In study 2, but not study 1, significantly more PC/MC pairs were attracted (former opponents affiliated with each other sooner in the PC period than in the MC period) than were dispersed (former opponents affiliated with each other sooner in the MC period than in the PC period). Reconciliation in study 2 could not be explained as a by-product of former opponents' tendency to seek affiliative contact with conspecifics generally, or of the spatial proximity of opponents following conflicts. Attempted reconciliation was less likely to be followed by renewed aggression when reconciliation attempts were delayed following conflicts. The data were insufficient for a formal test of differences in conciliatory tendency (the difference between the number of attracted and dispersed PC/MC pairs, divided by the total number of pairs) among dyad types to be conducted. |
| Address |
Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany. manson@eva.mpg.de |
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English |
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Edition |
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0275-2565 |
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| Notes |
PMID:15772989 |
Approved |
no |
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refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
2874 |
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Quaresmini, C.; Forrester, G.S.; Spiezio, C.; Vallortigara, G. |
| Title |
Social environment elicits lateralized behaviors in gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) and chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2014 |
Publication |
Journal of Comparative Psychology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
128 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
276-284 |
| Keywords |
*Animal Ethology; *Animal Social Behavior; *Chimpanzees; *Gorillas; *Social Influences; Cerebral Dominance; Lateral Dominance; Social Environments |
| Abstract |
The influence of the social environment on lateralized behaviors has now been investigated across a wide variety of animal species. New evidence suggests that the social environment can modulate behavior. Currently, there is a paucity of data relating to how primates navigate their environmental space, and investigations that consider the naturalistic context of the individual are few and fragmented. Moreover, there are competing theories about whether only the right or rather both cerebral hemispheres are involved in the processing of social stimuli, especially in emotion processing. Here we provide the first report of lateralized social behaviors elicited by great apes. We employed a continuous focal animal sampling method to record the spontaneous interactions of a captive zoo-living colony of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and a biological family group of peer-reared western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla). We specifically focused on which side of the body (i.e., front, rear, left, right) the focal individual preferred to keep conspecifics. Utilizing a newly developed quantitative corpus-coding scheme, analysis revealed both chimpanzees and gorillas demonstrated a significant group-level preference for focal individuals to keep conspecifics positioned to the front of them compared with behind them. More interestingly, both groups also manifested a population-level bias to keep conspecifics on their left side compared with their right side. Our findings suggest a social processing dominance of the right hemisphere for context-specific social environments. Results are discussed in light of the evolutionary adaptive value of social stimulus as a triggering factor for the manifestation of group-level lateralized behaviors. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) |
| Address |
Quaresmini, Caterina: Department of Psychology and Cognitive Sciences, University of Trento, Corso Bettini 31, Rovereto, Italy, 38068, caterina.quaresmini@gmail.com |
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American Psychological Association |
Place of Publication |
Us |
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1939-2087(Electronic),0735-7036(Print) |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ 2014-13828-001 |
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6396 |
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Goursot, C.; Düpjan, S.; Puppe, B.; Leliveld, L.M.C. |
| Title |
Affective styles and emotional lateralization: A promising framework for animal welfare research |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Applied Animal Behaviour Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. |
| Volume |
237 |
Issue |
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Pages |
105279 |
| Keywords |
Individuality; Motor lateralization; Hemispheric dominance; Motivational tendencies; Emotional reactivity; Emotional regulation |
| Abstract |
The growing recognition of animals as individuals has broader implications for farm animal welfare research. Even under highly standardized on-farm conditions, farm animals show heterogeneous but individually consistent behavioural patterns towards various stimuli, based on how they appraise these stimuli. As a result, animal welfare is likely to be highly individual as well, and studying the proximate mechanisms underlying distinct individual behaviour patterns and appraisal will improve animal welfare research. We propose to extend the framework of affective styles to bridge the gap between existing research fields on animal personality and affective states. Affective styles refer to consistent individual differences in emotional reactivity and regulation and can be predicted by baseline cerebral lateralization. Likewise, animals with consistent left or right motor biases--a proxy measure of individual patterns in cerebral lateralization--have been shown to differ in their personality, emotional reactivity, motivational tendencies or coping styles. In this paper, we present the current knowledge of the links between laterality and stable individual traits in behaviour and affect in light of hypotheses on emotional lateralization. Within our suggested framework, we make recommendations on how to investigate affective styles in non-human animals and give practical examples. This approach has the potential to promote a science of affective styles in nonhuman animals and significantly advance research on animal welfare. |
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0168-1591 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6698 |
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