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| Author | Hall, C.A.; Cassaday, H.J.; Vincent, C.J.; Derrington, A.M. | ||||
| Title | Cone excitation ratios correlate with color discrimination performance in the horse (Equus caballus) | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2006 | Publication | Journal of comparative psychology (Washington, D.C. : 1983) | Abbreviated Journal | J Comp Psychol |
| Volume | 120 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 438-448 |
| Keywords | Animals; Behavior, Animal; *Color Perception; *Discrimination (Psychology); Discrimination Learning; Horses; Photoreceptors, Vertebrate/*physiology | ||||
Abstract  |
Six horses (Equus caballus) were trained to discriminate color from grays in a counterbalanced sequence in which lightness cues were irrelevant. Subsequently, the pretrained colors were presented in a different sequence. Two sets of novel colors paired with novel grays were also tested. Performance was just as good in these transfer tests. Once the horse had learned to select the chromatic from the achromatic stimulus, regardless of the specific color, they were immediately able to apply this rule to novel stimuli. In terms of the underlying visual mechanisms, the present study showed for the first time that the spectral sensitivity of horse cone photopigments, measured as cone excitation ratios, was correlated with color discrimination performance, measured as accuracy, repeated errors, and latency of approach. | ||||
| Address | School of Animal, Rural and Environmental Sciences, Nottingham Trent University, Southwell, United Kingdom. carol.hall@ntu.ac.uk | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | 0735-7036 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:17115866 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Serial | 1780 | |||
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| Author | Sigurjónsdóttir, H.; Haraldsson, H. | ||||
| Title | Significance of Group Composition for the Welfare of Pastured Horses | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2018 | Publication | Animals | Abbreviated Journal | Animals |
| Volume | 9 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 14 |
| Keywords | horse welfare; aggression; allogrooming; pastured horses; Icelandic horse | ||||
| Abstract |
Simple Summary Because of their social nature, horses need to have plenty of opportunities to interact with others to establish bonds and learn from their elders. Comparison of social behaviour of 426 horses in 20 groups of Icelandic horses in pastures, showed that aggression was lowest where the group composition was like the natural system, i.e., with a stallion, mares and their young foals. In groups without a stallion, the presence of foals is also associated with low aggression. Stability of the group with respect to group composition is of great importance; the horses are less aggressive in the more stable groups. The highest aggression was found in groups of unfamiliar yearlings. The horses allogroomed more in groups with relatively more young horses, which suggests they are forming bonds. Later, they groom less but prefer certain individuals. Horse owners should all be aware of the importance of planning the composition of horse groups and to keep the membership as stable as possible in order to ensure good welfare. Abstract We explore how herd composition and management factors correlate with frequencies of social interactions in horse groups. Since the welfare of horses correlates with low aggression levels and social contact opportunities, information of this kind is important. The data are a collection of records of social interactions of 426 Icelandic horses in 20 groups of at least eight horses. The complexities and limitations of the data prohibit useful statistical modelling so the results are presented descriptively. Interesting and informative patterns emerge which can be of use both in management and in future studies. Of special interest are the low levels of agonistic behaviours in breeding groups where one stallion was present. The horses were less agonistic when in groups with young foals and where group membership was stable. Unfamiliar yearlings in peer groups were especially aggressive. Allogrooming was most frequent in groups with relatively more young horses and in unstable and small groups. Interestingly, the horses allogroomed more if they had few preferred allogrooming partners. The findings show that composition (age/sex) and stability of groups are of great importance with respect to aggression levels and opportunities for establishing bonds. |
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6585 | ||
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| Author | Madigan, J.E.; Kortz, G.; Murphy, C.; Rodger, L. | ||||
| Title | Photic headshaking in the horse: 7 cases | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1995 | Publication | Equine Veterinary Journal | Abbreviated Journal | Equine Vet J |
| Volume | 27 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 306-311 |
| Keywords | Animals; Anti-Allergic Agents/therapeutic use; *Behavior, Animal; Cyproheptadine/therapeutic use; Female; *Head; Horse Diseases/drug therapy/*etiology; Horses; Light/*adverse effects; Male; Movement Disorders/drug therapy/etiology/*veterinary | ||||
| Abstract |
Seven horses with headshaking are described. No physical abnormalities were detected in any of the cases. Six of these horses had onset of clinical signs in the spring. The role of light was assessed by application of a blindfold or dark grey lens to the eyes, covering the eyes with a face mask and observing the horse in total darkness outdoors. Cessation of headshaking was observed with blindfolding (5/5 horses), night darkness outdoors (4/4 horses) and use of grey lenses (2/3 horses). Outdoor behaviour suggested efforts to avoid light in 4/4 cases. The photic sneeze in man is suggested as a putative mechanism for equine headshaking. Five of 7 horses had improvement with cyproheptadine treatment (0.3 mg/kg bwt b.i.d.). Headshaking developed within 2 calendar weeks of the same date for 3 consecutive years in one horse. Neuropharmacological alterations associated with photoperiod mechanisms leading to optic trigeminal summation are suggested as possible reasons for spring onset of headshaking. | ||||
| Address | Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis 95616-8737, USA | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | 0425-1644 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:8536668 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 1940 | ||
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| Author | Bazovska, S.; Awad-Masalmeh, M.; Kmety, E.; Spalekova, M. | ||||
| Title | [Legionella antibodies in domestic animals] | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1992 | Publication | Ceskoslovenska Epidemiologie, Mikrobiologie, Imunologie | Abbreviated Journal | Cesk Epidemiol Mikrobiol Imunol |
| Volume | 41 | Issue | 5 | Pages | 268-273 |
| Keywords | Agglutination Tests/veterinary; Animals; Animals, Domestic/*immunology/microbiology; Antibodies, Bacterial/*analysis; Cattle/immunology; Horses/immunology; Legionella/*immunology; Legionella pneumophila/immunology; Rabbits/immunology; Sheep/immunology; Swine/immunology | ||||
| Abstract |
Serological examination of 420 domestic animals for the presence of antilegionella antibodies indicates their high exposure to legionellae. On examination by the microagglutination reaction with a serum dilution of 1:64 or more the highest positive values were recorded in horses which reacted with antigens of L. pneumophila 1-14 in 36.2% and with antigens of another 19 types of legionellae in 47.8%. In pigs positive values recorded in 16.2% and in 21.1%; in cattle in 3.8% and 29.5%, in sheep in 7.5% and 11.3% and laboratory rabbits were quite negative. The importance of these findings with regard to the possible role of animals in the ecology of legionellae is obscure. | ||||
| Address | Ustav epidemiologie Lekarskej fakulty UK v Bratislave | ||||
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| Language | Slovak | Summary Language | Original Title | Protilatky proti legionelam u domacich zvierat | |
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| ISSN | 0009-0522 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:1464079 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2669 | ||
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| Author | Budras, K.D.; Scheibe, K.; Patan, B.; Streich, W.J.; Kim, K. | ||||
| Title | Laminitis in Przewalski horses kept in a semireserve | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2001 | Publication | Journal of Veterinary Science (Suwon-si, Korea) | Abbreviated Journal | J Vet Sci |
| Volume | 2 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 1-7 |
| Keywords | Animals; Animals, Domestic; Animals, Wild; Body Weight; Climate; Geography; Horse Diseases/*epidemiology; Horses; Korea/epidemiology; Lameness, Animal/*epidemiology | ||||
| Abstract |
Semireserves were created by the European Conservation Project for scientific research in preparation for reintroduction in the wilderness. They are defined as enclosures large enough to carry a group of Przewalski horses throughout the year without any additional feeding. The semireserve offers diverse opportunities for significant scientific research. As part of a general screening program, the hoof development in a group of Przewalski horses was investigated in the semireserve Schorfheide near Berlin. Since the foundation of this semireserve in 1992, veterinary treatment was not necessary with the exception of hoof trimming in two animals in 1993. However, major health problems were encountered in the spring of 1999, when three other mares showed signs of laminitis. The initial diagnosis by the authors and the local veterinary surgeon based on observation of behaviour, gait, stance, walk and trot of three mares whose initial weights were higher than those of the healthy mares. The initial diagnosis was confirmed by palpation and the occurrence of very deep horn rings on all hooves and a laminitic horn ring on the right front hoof of one mare. An adequate laminitic therapy was not possible under the conditions of a semireserve. The applied management aimed at two goals: 1. To reduce endotoxin production and acidosis in the horses by reducing the ingestion of carbohydrate rich food. 2. To reduce the mares level of activity and to prevent tearing of the suspensory apparatus of the coffin bone. To achieve these two goals it was decided to remove the three laminitic mares from the rich pasture in the main part of the semireserve and to confine them onto the poorer pasture of the small separately fenced area. All three affected mares had fully recovered from their laminitic condition. Prevention of grass laminitis can be achieved by the following measures: 1. Reduction in grass intake could be achieved by increasing the grazing pressure by an increase in stocking rate of the horses or mixed grazing with another species such as sheep. 2. A longer term solution to the problem may well be to sow specific varieties of grass with lower concentrations of water soluble carbohydrate. | ||||
| Address | Institute of Veterinary Anatomy of the Free University of Berlin, Berlin 33, Germany. budras@vetmed.fu-berlin.de | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | 1229-845X | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:14614287 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Serial | 1905 | |||
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| Author | Dirikolu, L.; Lehner, A.F.; Karpiesiuk, W.; Hughes, C.; Woods, W.E.; Boyles, J.; Harkins, J.D.; Troppmann, A.; Tobin, T. | ||||
| Title | Detection, quantification, metabolism, and behavioral effects of selegiline in horses | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2003 | Publication | Veterinary Therapeutics : Research in Applied Veterinary Medicine | Abbreviated Journal | Vet Ther |
| Volume | 4 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 257-268 |
| Keywords | Administration, Oral; Animals; Behavior, Animal/drug effects; Female; Horses/*metabolism; Mass Spectrometry/veterinary; Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors/administration & dosage/blood/*pharmacokinetics/pharmacology/urine; Selegiline/administration & dosage/blood/*pharmacokinetics/pharmacology/urine; Substance Abuse Detection/veterinary | ||||
| Abstract |
Selegiline ([R]-[-]N,alpha-dimethyl-N-2- propynylphenethylamine or l-deprenyl), an irreversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase, is a classic antidyskinetic and antiparkinsonian agent widely used in human medicine both as monotherapy and as an adjunct to levodopa therapy. Selegiline is classified by the Association of Racing Commissioners International (ARCI) as a class 2 agent, and is considered to have high abuse potential in racing horses. A highly sensitive LC/MS/MS quantitative analytical method has been developed for selegiline and its potential metabolites amphetamine and methamphetamine using commercially available deuterated analogs of these compounds as internal standards. After administering 40 mg of selegiline orally to two horses, relatively low (<60 ng/ml) concentrations of parent selegiline, amphetamine, and methamphetamine were recovered in urine samples. However, relatively high urinary concentrations of another selegiline metabolite were found, tentatively identified as N- desmethylselegiline. This metabolite was synthesized and found to be indistinguishable from the new metabolite recovered from horse urine, thereby confirming the chemical identity of the equine metabolite. Additionally, analysis of urine samples from four horses dosed with 50 mg of selegiline confirmed that N-desmethylselegiline is the major urinary metabolite of selegiline in horses. In related behavior studies, p.o. and i.v. administration of 30 mg of selegiline produced no significant changes in either locomotor activities or heart rates. | ||||
| Address | Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nursing and Allied Health, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL 36088, USA | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | 1528-3593 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:15136987 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Serial | 1901 | |||
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| Author | Christensen, J.W.; Keeling, L.J.; Nielsen, B.L. | ||||
| Title | Responses of horses to novel visual, olfactory and auditory stimuli | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2005 | Publication | Applied Animal Behaviour Science | Abbreviated Journal | Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. |
| Volume | 93 | Issue | 1-2 | Pages | 53-65 |
| Keywords | Horses; Novelty responses; Fear; Behaviour; Heart rate | ||||
| Abstract |
Responses of horses towards fear-eliciting stimuli can have important consequences for both human and horse safety. This experiment was designed to investigate behavioural and heart rate (HR) responses of horses to novel visual, auditory and olfactory stimuli. Twenty-four 2-year-old, previously unhandled, stallions were habituated to receive a food reward from a container in a test arena. Each horse was exposed to three 2 min tests in a balanced design where in addition to the feed container, either a traffic cone (visual test), white noise (auditory test) or eucalyptus oil applied to the inside of the container (olfactory test) were used as the novel stimuli. Compared to the control, less time was spent eating during all tests. There was no difference in locomotion activity in the different test situations, but presentation of the novel visual and auditory stimuli elicited significantly increased HR responses in the horses, compared to their response to the arena without novel stimuli (control), whereas there was no increase in HR response to the olfactory stimulus. However, during the olfactory test, the horses had an increased number of eating bouts and became more vigilant towards their surroundings, whereas during the visual and auditory tests, more time was spent alert towards the stimulus. The horses also took significantly more steps backwards in response to the auditory test. The heart rate responses correlated between tests and reflect a non-differentiated activation of the sympathetic nervous system, while the behavioural responses were linked to the type of stimulus. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2256 | ||
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| Author | Shanahan, S. | ||||
| Title | Trailer loading stress in horses: behavioral and physiological effects of nonaversive training (TTEAM) | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2003 | Publication | Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science : JAAWS | Abbreviated Journal | J Appl Anim Welf Sci |
| Volume | 6 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 263-274 |
| Keywords | Animals; *Conditioning, Operant; *Escape Reaction; Female; Heart Rate; Horses/*psychology; Hydrocortisone/metabolism; Male; Saliva/metabolism; Stress/metabolism/prevention & control/*veterinary; *Transportation | ||||
| Abstract |
Resistance in the horse to trailer loading is a common source of stress and injury to horses and their handlers. The objective of this study was to determine whether nonaversive training based on the Tellington-Touch Equine Awareness Method (TTEAM; Tellington-Jones &Bruns, 1988) would decrease loading time and reduce stress during loading for horses with a history of reluctance to load. Ten horses described by their owners as “problem loaders” were subjected to pretraining and posttraining assessments of loading. Each assessment involved two 7-min loading attempts during which heart rate and saliva cortisol were measured. The training consisted of six 30-min sessions over a 2-week period during which the horse and owner participated in basic leading exercises with obstacles simulating aspects of trailering. Assessment showed heart rate and saliva cortisol increased significantly during loading as compared to baseline (p <.001 and p <.05, respectively). Reassessment after training showed a decrease in loading time (p <.02), reduced heart rate during loading (p <.002), and reduced saliva cortisol as compared to pretraining assessments. Seven “good loaders” also were subject to loading assessment for physiological comparison. Increases in heart rate during loading were significantly higher in the good loaders (p <.001). Nonaversive training simulating aspects of loading may effectively reduce loading time and stress during loading for horses with a history of resistance to trailer loading. | ||||
| Address | shanahandvm@yahoo.ca | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | 1088-8705 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:14965781 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Serial | 1903 | |||
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| Author | Yang, S. | ||||
| Title | Melioidosis research in China | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2000 | Publication | Acta Tropica | Abbreviated Journal | Acta Trop |
| Volume | 77 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 157-165 |
| Keywords | Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology; Burkholderia pseudomallei/drug effects/immunology/*pathogenicity; China/epidemiology; Cross Reactions; Glanders/immunology/microbiology; Horses; Humans; *Melioidosis/epidemiology/immunology/microbiology/veterinary; Seroepidemiologic Studies; Virulence | ||||
| Abstract |
Research on melioidosis and its pathogen has been ongoing in China for more than two decades. It has been demonstrated that the natural foci are located predominantly in Hainan, Guangdong and Guangxi province, where there is a good correlation between soil isolation and the serum prevalence of antibodies to Burkholderia pseudomallei. The cases of melioidosis reported up to now are concentrated in the Hainan and Zhanjiang peninsula. Investigations on serotype, virulence, ecology, antibiotic susceptibility, whole cell analysis by gas chromatography, and genetics have led to a new understanding of the pathology of the disease. Immunological cross reactions between Burkholderia mallei and B. pseudomallei and the difference between melioidosis and glanders in horses is discussed. | ||||
| Address | Medical Research Institute, Yan-Ling (510507), Dongguanzhuang Road 91, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China. songyangch@hotmail.com | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | 0001-706X | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:11080506 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2649 | ||
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| Author | Gabor, V.; Gerken, M. | ||||
| Title | Horses use procedural learning rather than conceptual learning to solve matching to sample | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2010 | Publication | Applied Animal Behaviour Science | Abbreviated Journal | Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. |
| Volume | 126 | Issue | 3-4 | Pages | 119-124 |
| Keywords | Horses; Concept learning; Visual discrimination; Cognition; Experimental design; Procedural learning | ||||
| Abstract |
Research into higher cognitive abilities of the horse may be limited by developing the adequate experimental design. In this study four pony mares between 8 and 19 years old were included. Three of them reached the criterion to be tested in a new design of matching to sample using a black circle and a cross as visual cues attached to an apparatus. The attention was directed to the question of whether the animals are able to concept formation in a given time period or if their decisions depend on other cues or strategies. After familiarization to the testing area and the test procedure, the animals were given 27 sessions of 20 trials each during 14 weeks. While there was no preference for one of the stimuli used, horses showed a significant left sidedness. None of the mares reached the learning criterion of 80% correct answers in one session. However, the ponies showed procedural learning based on correction runs that were given between incorrect decisions, by then selecting the correct stimulus on the other side of the apparatus. This learning type arose in three individuals in session four, six and eleven, respectively. It is concluded that discrimination tasks may be biased by the involvement of unexpected learning strategies, which complicates the interpretation of such tests and may even mask possible conceptualization capabilities. | ||||
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| ISSN | 0168-1591 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5157 | ||
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