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Author Brunner, D.; Kacelnik, A.; Gibbon, J. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Optimal foraging and timing processes in the starling, Sturnus vulgaris: effect of inter-capture interval Type Journal Article
  Year 1992 Publication Animal Behaviour. Abbreviated Journal Anim. Behav.  
  Volume 44 Issue 4 Pages 597-613  
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  Abstract (up) Laboratory experiments with starlings, Sturnus vulgaris, were conducted to investigate the interaction between timing and cost-benefit considerations. The design simulated an environment in which food was distributed in patches. Patches contained a random number of food items (N=0-4) separated by a fixed inter-capture interval or fixed interval. All patches ended with sudden depletion. The time elapsed since the last prey capture was the only way to detect the depletion of the patch. Once the patch was depleted a new patch could be reached by travelling between two perches. Three measures of timing were taken: (1) rate of working for food as function of `waiting' time in a patch, (2) the time of the last response in a patch or `giving-in' time, and (3) the time at which travel was initiated or `moving-on' time. The fixed interval that characterized patches was varied between conditions. The mean time of the peak in working rate was consistently centred around the fixed interval, while the other two measures of timing kept a roughly linear relation to the fixed interval, with slope greater than one. In accordance with Scalar Expectancy Theory, variability in the three forms of timing was proportional to the magnitude of the fixed interval. The birds seemed to take account of this increase in variability as shown by the mean value of their giving-up criterion. These results imply that information-processing constraints are important for modelling behavioural optimality.  
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  Call Number Serial 2112  
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Author Palombit,R.A.; Seyfarth, R.M.; Cheney, D.L. doi  openurl
  Title The adaptive value of 'friendships' to female baboons: experimental and observational evidence Type Journal Article
  Year 1997 Publication Animal Behaviour. Abbreviated Journal Anim. Behav.  
  Volume 54 Issue 3 Pages 599-614  
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  Abstract (up) Lactating female baboons, Papio cynocephalusoften maintain close associations with particular males. There are at least three proposed benefits of 'friendships' to females: (1) male protection against potentially infanticidal males; (2) male protection against harassment by dominant females; (3) male attachment to an infant that develops into future care of juveniles. These hypotheses were examined in a population of chacma baboons, P. c. ursinusin which male infanticide accounted for at least 38% of infant mortality. Almost all mothers of young infants formed strong bonds with one or two males with whom they had copulated during the cycle in which they conceived their infants. Females were primarily responsible for maintaining friendships during lactation, but they terminated these relationships if their infants died. In playbacks of females' screams, male friends responded more strongly than control males. They also responded more strongly to the screams of female friends than to the screams of control females. Following an infant's death, however, male friends responded less strongly than control males to the same females' screams. Finally, male friends responded more strongly than control males to playback sequences in which female screams were combined with the threat vocalizations of a potentially infanticidal alpha male, but not when female screams were combined with the threat calls of a non-infanticidal male or the alpha female. Both observations and experiments suggest that the benefits of friendships to females derive from the protection of their infants against infanticide.1997The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour  
  Address Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania  
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  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0003-3472 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:9299045 Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 697  
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Author Wells, D.L.; Millsopp, S. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Lateralized behaviour in the domestic cat, Felis silvestris catus Type Journal Article
  Year 2009 Publication Animal Behaviour. Abbreviated Journal Anim. Behav.  
  Volume 78 Issue 2 Pages 537-541  
  Keywords cat; Felis silvestris catus; handedness; laterality; paw preference  
  Abstract (up) Lateralized behaviour in the felids has been subject to little investigation. We examined the paw use of 42 domestic cats on three tasks designed to determine whether the animals performed asymmetrical motor behaviour. The influence of the cats' sex and age on their paw preferences was also explored. The distribution of the cats' paw preferences differed significantly between the three tasks. Task 1, the most complex exercise involving retrieval of a food treat from an empty jar, encouraged the most apparent display of lateralized behaviour, with all but one animal showing a strong preference to use either their left or right paw consistently. Tasks 2 (an exercise involving reaching for a toy suspended overhead) and 3 (a challenge involving reaching for a toy moving along the ground) encouraged ambilateral motor performance. Lateralized behaviour was strongly sex related. Male and female cats showed paw preferences at the level of the population, but in opposite directions. Females had a greater preference for using their right paw; males were more inclined to adopt their left paw. Feline age was unrelated to either strength or direction of preferred paw use. Overall, the findings suggest that there are two distinct populations of paw preference in the cat that cluster strongly around the animals' sex. The results also point to a relationship between lateralized behaviour and task complexity. More apparent patterns of lateralized behaviour were evident on more complex manipulatory tasks, hinting at functional brain specialization in this species.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5377  
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Author Strayer, F.F. url  openurl
  Title Learning and imitation as a function of social status in macaque monkeys (Macaca nemestrina) Type Journal Article
  Year 1976 Publication Animal Behaviour. Abbreviated Journal Anim. Behav.  
  Volume 24 Issue 4 Pages 835-848  
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  Abstract (up) Learning and imitation were examined in animals selected from two groups of sixteen pigtail monkeys. There were significant differences in performance on a cued-alternation task as a function of both social status within the stable group, and prior exposure to a social model. High status animals responded more frequently, but were less successful in acquiring appropriate response delay. Exposure to the model improved response latencies and acquisition of response delay for all subjects. However, model exposure did not improve alternation performance. Results are discussed in terms of prior social experience of the subjects, general learning strategies, and differential sensitivity to multiple reinforcement contingencies. Findings are related to ethological concepts of imitation, and field reports on primate social learning.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 573  
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Author Giraldeau, L.-A.; Lefebvre, L. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Scrounging prevents cultural transmission of food-finding behaviour in pigeons Type Journal Article
  Year 1987 Publication Animal Behaviour. Abbreviated Journal Anim. Behav.  
  Volume 35 Issue 2 Pages 387-394  
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  Abstract (up) Living in groups should promote the cultural transmission of a novel behaviour because opportunities for observing knowledgeable individuals are likely to be more numerous in this condition. However, in this study pigeons who shared the food discoveries of others (scroungers) did not learn the food-finding technique used by the discoverers (producers). Individually-caged pigeons prevented from scrounging easily learned the technique from a conspecific tutor. When caged pigeons obtained food from the tutor's performance, most naïve observers failed to learn. In a flock, scroungers selectively followed producers. In individual cages, scrounging during the tutor's demonstration was equivalent to getting no demonstration at all. This effect of scrounging did not interfere with subsequent acquisition of the food-finding behaviour when scrounging was no longer possible.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5265  
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Author Jennings, D.J.; Carlin, C.M.; Gammell, M.P. url  doi
openurl 
  Title A winner effect supports third-party intervention behaviour during fallow deer, Dama dama, fights Type Journal Article
  Year 2009 Publication Animal Behaviour. Abbreviated Journal Anim. Behav.  
  Volume 77 Issue 2 Pages 343-348  
  Keywords Dama dama; dominance; fallow deer fight; third-party intervention; winner effect  
  Abstract (up) Male ungulates engage in intense competition for access to females during the breeding season. Although fights are generally dyadic level encounters, they are on occasion disrupted by the intervention of third-party males. We investigated these third-party interventions using predictions derived from Dugatkin's model (Dugatkin 1998, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series B, 265, 433-437) of intervention behaviour. The model argues that when an individual successfully defeats an opponent there is an increase in the probability of winning a subsequent contest: a winner effect. Third-party intervention behaviour is predicted to occur as it serves to prevent either member of a competing dyad from successfully defeating his opponent, achieving a winner effect and subsequently becoming a threat to the intervener. Consistent with model predictions, our results show that intervening males held significantly higher rank than males that did not intervene and were also more likely to be dominant to both of the competing males. Intervening males did not selectively target competitors based on rank, nor did they target males based on overall dyadic rates of aggression between the intervener and competing males. Furthermore, interveners were more likely to have won their interaction immediately prior to intervention and were also likely to win their interaction subsequent to intervention when compared with contest success of the two competing males. Our results are consistent with predictions that support a winner effect for intervention behaviour in fallow deer fights.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4946  
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Author Crockford, C.; Wittig, R.M.; Seyfarth, R.M.; Cheney, D.L. doi  openurl
  Title Baboons eavesdrop to deduce mating opportunities Type Journal Article
  Year 2007 Publication Animal Behaviour. Abbreviated Journal Anim. Behav.  
  Volume 73 Issue 5 Pages 885-890  
  Keywords baboon; cognition; eavesdropping; extrapair copulation; mate guarding; Papio hamadryas ursinus; primate; social intelligence; third-party relationships; transient relationships  
  Abstract (up) Many animals appear to monitor changes in other individuals' dominance ranks and social relationships and to track changes in them. However, it is not known whether they also track changes in very transient relationships. Rapid recognition of a temporary separation between a dominant male and a sexually receptive female, for example, should be adaptive in species where subordinate males use opportunistic strategies to achieve mating success. Dominant male baboons (Papio hamadryas ursinus) form sexual consortships with oestrous females that are characterized by mate guarding and close proximity. To assess whether subordinate males track temporary changes in the status of other males' consortships, we conducted playback experiments using a two-speaker paradigm. In the test condition, subjects heard the consort male's grunts played from one speaker and his consort female's copulation call played from a speaker approximately 40 m away. This sequence suggested that the male and female had temporarily separated and that the female was mating with another male. In a control trial, subjects heard another dominant male's grunts played from one speaker and the female's copulation call played from the other. In a second control trial, conducted within 24 h after the consortship had ended, subjects again heard the consort male's grunt and the female's copulation call played from separate speakers. As predicted, subjects responded strongly only in the test condition. Eavesdropping upon the temporal and spatial juxtaposition of other individuals' vocalizations may be one strategy by which male baboons achieve sneaky matings.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 816  
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Author Barnard, C.J.; Sibly, R.M. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Producers and scroungers: A general model and its application to captive flocks of house sparrows Type Journal Article
  Year 1981 Publication Animal Behaviour. Abbreviated Journal Anim. Behav.  
  Volume 29 Issue 2 Pages 543-550  
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  Abstract (up) Many forms of interaction within and between species appear to be based on `scrounger' individuals or species exploiting a limited resource provided `producers'. A mathematical model is presented which shows whether or not scroungers are maintained in a group, depending on their frequency and the group size. Some of the predictions of the model were tested in captive flocks of house sparrows Passer domesticus L. Here the scroungers obtained most of their food (mealworms) by interaction and the producers found most of their food by actively foraging: the pay-off to each type was measured as mealworm capture rate. Neither type changed strategy opportunistically in response to instantaneous flock composition but, not surprisingly, scroungers fared better when one of more producers were present. However, scrougers did much worse than expected when greatly outnumbered by producers, perhaps because producers then found the available food very quickly.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4200  
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Author Beauchamp, G.; Kacelnik, A. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Effects of the knowledge of partners on learning rates in zebra finches Taeniopygia guttata Type Journal Article
  Year 1991 Publication Animal Behaviour. Abbreviated Journal Anim. Behav.  
  Volume 41 Issue 2 Pages 247-253  
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  Abstract (up) Many interpretations of the adaptive value of group living involve tranfer of knowledge. However, according to learning theory, being in a pair with a knowledgeable partner can have paradoxical consequences. Obtaining food by following a skilled companion may reduce the ability of naive individuals to learn about clues that signal the occurrence of food. This study examined the relation between learning and following in paris of zebra finches. Knowledgeable partners were trained to obtain food from a computer-controlled dispenser by using the information provided by a signal. For non-knowledgeable partners, the signal was irrelevant and could not be used to predict foraging opportunities. The rate of learning about the signal by naive birds that shared the experience of either knowledgeable or nonknowledgeable tutors was then examined. Naive birds learned more slowly as a result of being in a pair with a knowledgeable than a non-knowledgeable partner. Well-informed mates acted as a reliable cue to predict foraging opportunities, and thus overshadowed the independent signal. The knowledge of a partner influences learning rates in naive individuals, but in the opposite direction to that predicted by earlier accounts of learning in social contexts.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 2115  
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Author Henson, S.M.; Dennis, B.; Hayward, J.L.; Cushing, J.M.; Galusha, J.G. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Predicting the dynamics of animal behaviour in field populations Type Journal Article
  Year 2007 Publication Animal Behaviour. Abbreviated Journal Anim. Behav.  
  Volume 74 Issue 1 Pages 103-110  
  Keywords colony occupancy; differential equation; dynamic modelling; glaucous-winged gull; habitat ecology; Larus glaucescens; mathematical modelling; sleep; territory attendance  
  Abstract (up) Many species show considerable variation in behaviour among individuals. We show that some behaviours are largely deterministic and predictable with mathematical models. We propose a general differential equation model of behaviour in field populations and use the methodology to explain and predict the dynamics of sleep and colony attendance in seabirds as a function of environmental factors. Our model explained over half the variability in the data to which it was fitted, and it predicted the dynamics of an independent data set. Differential equation models may provide new approaches to the study of behaviour in animals and humans.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4206  
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