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| Author | Geisbauer, G.; Griebel, U.; Schmid, A.; Timney, B | ||||
| Title | Brightness discrimination and neutral point | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2004 | Publication | Canadian Journal of Zoology | Abbreviated Journal | Can. J. Zool |
| Volume | 82 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 660-670 |
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Abstract  |
Abstract: Equine brightness discrimination ability and color discrimination were measured using a two-choice discrimination task. Two Haflinger horses (Equus caballus L., 1758) were trained to discriminate 30 different shades of grey varying from low to high relative brightness. Their ability to distinguish shades of grey was poor, with calculated Weber fractions of 0.42 and 0.45. In addition, a “neutral point” test to determine the dimensionality of color vision was carried out. Three hues of blue-green were tested versus a range of grey targets with brightnesses similar to those of the blue-green targets. A neutral point was found at about 480 nm. Thus, we can conclude that horses possess dichromatic color vision. |
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 3649 | ||
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| Author | Range, F.; Horn, L.; Bugnyar, T.; Gajdon, G.; Huber, L. | ||||
| Title | Social attention in keas, dogs, and human children | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2009 | Publication | Animal Cognition | Abbreviated Journal | Anim. Cogn. |
| Volume | 12 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 181-192 |
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| Abstract |
Abstract: Understanding animals" abilities to cooperate with and learn from each other has been an active field of research in recent years. One important basis for all types of social interactions is the disposition of animals to pay attention to each other-a factor often neglected in discussions and experiments. Since attention differs between species as well as between individuals, it is likely to influence the amount and type of information different species and/or observers may extract from conspecifics in any given situation. Here, we carried out a standardized comparative study on attention towards a model demonstrating food-related behavior in keas, dogs and children. In a series of experimental sessions, individuals watched different conspecific models while searching, manipulating and feeding. Visual access to the demonstration was provided by two observation holes, which allowed us to determine exactly how often and for how long observers watched the model. We found profound differences in the factors that influence attention within as well as between the tested species. This study suggests that attention should be incorporated as an important variable when testing species in social situations. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4713 | ||
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| Author | Galef, B.G.; Laland, K.N. | ||||
| Title | Social Learning in Animals: Empirical Studies and Theoretical Models | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2005 | Publication | BioScience | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 55 | Issue | 6 | Pages | 489-499 |
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AbstractThe last two decades have seen a virtual explosion in empirical research on the role of social interactions in the development of animals' behavioral repertoires, and a similar increase in attention to formal models of social learning. Here we first review recent empirical evidence of social influences on food choice, tool use, patterns of movement, predator avoidance, mate choice, and courtship, and then consider formal models of when animals choose to copy behavior, and which other animals' behavior they copy, together with empirical tests of predictions from those models. | ||||
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| ISSN | 0006-3568 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | 10.1641/0006-3568(2005)055[0489:Sliaes]2.0.Co;2 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6398 | ||
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| Author | A. Lanata; A. Guidi; G. Valenza; P. Baragli; E. P. Scilingo | ||||
| Title | Quantitative heartbeat coupling measures in human-horse interaction | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year | 2016 | Publication | 2016 38th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC) | Abbreviated Journal | 2016 38th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (E |
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 2696-2699 | ||
| Keywords | electrocardiography; medical signal processing; signal classification; time series; Dtw; Hrv; Mpc; Msc; complex biological systems; dynamic time warping; grooming; heart rate variability time series; heartbeat dynamics; human-horse dynamic interaction; magnitude squared coherence; magnitude-phase coupling; mean phase coherence; nearest mean classifier; quantitative heartbeat coupling; real human-animal interaction; time duration; visual-olfactory interaction; Coherence; Couplings; Electrocardiography; Heart rate variability; Horses; Protocols; Time series analysis | ||||
| Abstract |
Abstract— We present a study focused on a quantitative estimation of a human-horse dynamic interaction. A set of measures based on magnitude and phase coupling between heartbeat dynamics of both humans and horses in three different conditions is reported: no interaction, visual/olfactory interaction and grooming. Specifically, Magnitude Squared Coherence (MSC), Mean Phase Coherence (MPC) and Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) have been used as estimators of the amount of coupling between human and horse through the analysis of their heart rate variability (HRV) time series in a group of eleven human subjects, and one horse. The rationale behind this study is that the interaction of two complex biological systems go towards a coupling process whose dynamical evolution is modulated by the kind and time duration of the interaction itself. We achieved a congruent and consistent statistical significant difference for all of the three indices. Moreover, a Nearest Mean Classifier was able to recognize the three classes of interaction with an accuracy greater than 70%. Although preliminary, these encouraging results allow a discrimination of three distinct phases in a real human-animal interaction opening to the characterization of the empirically proven relationship between human and horse. |
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| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | 2016 38th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (E | ||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 1557-170x | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6175 | ||
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| Author | Wittemyer, G.; Getz, W.M. | ||||
| Title | Hierarchical dominance structure and social organization in African elephants, Loxodonta africana | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2007 | Publication | Animal Behaviour. | Abbreviated Journal | Anim. Behav. |
| Volume | 73 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 671-681 |
| Keywords | African elephant; between-group competition; Loxodonta africana; nepotism; resource distribution; socioecology; transitive dominance; within-group competition | ||||
| Abstract |
According to the socioecological framework, transitivity (or linearity) in dominance relationships is related to competition over critical resources. When a population is structured into groups, the intensity of between- versus within-group competition influences the form and function of its social organization. Few studies have compared the type and relative intensity of competition at these two levels. African elephants have well-structured social relations, providing an exemplary system for such a study. We report on dominance hierarchies among free-ranging elephants and evaluate the factors that drive their socioecological structure to lie in a region of the three-dimensional nepotism/despotism/tolerance space rarely observed among social species; namely, where non-nepotistic, transitive dominance hierarchies within groups emerge despite kin-based philopatry and infrequent agonistic interactions over widely distributed resources. We found significant transitivity in dominance hierarchies between groups. Dominance relations among the matriarchs of different social groups were primarily age based, rather than driven by physical or group size, and group matriarch rank influenced the dominance relationships among nonmatriarchal females in the population. Our results suggest that between-group dominance relationships induce tolerance among group members, which in combination with high group relatedness, reduces the benefits of nepotism. We postulate that cognitive abilities and high risk of injury in contests enhance winner and loser effects, facilitating the formation of transitive dominance relationships, despite widely distributed resources over which infrequent competition occurs. The interplay of cognitive abilities, winner and loser effects, resource distribution, and within- and between-group dominance relationships may produce behaviour in other strongly social mammals that differs from that predicted by a superficial application of current socioecological models. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 449 | ||
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| Author | Sinclair, M.; Buhrmann, G.; Gummow, B. | ||||
| Title | An epidemiological investigation of the African horsesickness outbreak in the Western Cape Province of South Africa in 2004 and its relevance to the current equine export protocol | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2006 | Publication | Journal of the South African Veterinary Association | Abbreviated Journal | J S Afr Vet Assoc |
| Volume | 77 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 191-196 |
| Keywords | African Horse Sickness/diagnosis/*epidemiology; African horse sickness virus/*isolation & purification; Animals; Ceratopogonidae/virology; Diagnosis, Differential; Disease Outbreaks/*veterinary; Female; Horses; Insect Vectors/virology; Male; Prevalence; Retrospective Studies; Sentinel Surveillance; South Africa/epidemiology; Viral Vaccines/administration & dosage | ||||
| Abstract |
African Horsesickness (AHS) is a controlled disease in South Africa. The country is divided into an infected area and a control area. An outbreak of AHS in the control area can result in a ban of exports for at least 2 years. A retrospective epidemiological study was carried out on data collected during the 2004 AHS outbreak in the surveillance zone of the AHS control area in the Western Cape Province. The objective of this study was to describe the 2004 outbreak and compare it with the 1999 AHS outbreak in the same area. As part of the investigation, a questionnaire survey was conducted in the 30 km radius surrounding the index case. Spatial, temporal and population patterns for the outbreak are described. The investigation found that the outbreak occurred before any significant rainfall and that the main AHS vector (Culicoides imicola) was present in abundance during the outbreak. Furthermore, 63% of cases occurred at temperatures < or = 15 degrees C, the Eerste River Valley was a high risk area, only 17% of owners used vector protection as a control measure and 70% of horses in the outbreak area were protected by means of vaccination at the start of the outbreak. The study revealed that the current AHS control measures do not function optimally because of the high percentage of vaccinated horses in the surveillance zone, which results in insufficient sentinel animals and the consequent failure of the early warning system. Alternative options for control that allow continued export are discussed in the paper. | ||||
| Address | State Veterinarian Epidemiology, Elsenburg, South Africa. marnas@elsenburg.com | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | 1019-9128 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:17458343 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2354 | ||
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| Author | Weeks, J.W.; Crowell-Davis, S.L.; Caudle, A.B.; Heusner, G.L. | ||||
| Title | Aggression and social spacing in light horse (Equus caballus) mares and foals | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2000 | Publication | Applied Animal Behaviour Science | Abbreviated Journal | Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. |
| Volume | 68 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 319-337 |
| Keywords | Dominance relationships; Horse; Sex differences; Social ontogeny; aggregation; parent-offspring interaction; social behavior | ||||
| Abstract |
Aggression and social spacing were studied in 14 light horse mares and their foals living at pasture. Focal samples were collected on each mare-foal dyad for 6 to 10.5 h from 2 months of foal age until weaning at approximately 4 months of age. Observations on foals continued until approximately 6 months of age for 7.5 to 10.5 h per foal. Every 2 min the identities of all individuals within 5 m were recorded. All occurrences of agonistic behavior, and the participants, were recorded during the focal samples. In addition, during feeding of supplemental grain, all occurrences of agonistic behavior by all subjects were recorded. Significant correlations were found between mare rank and the rank of foals both prior to and after weaning. Before weaning, the rank of the foal was significantly correlated with birth order. No significant correlation between birth order and foal rank was found for the post-weaning hierarchy. An animal's gender had no significant effect on foal rank or the choice of preferred associate. Both prior to and after weaning, foals associated preferentially with the foal of their dam's most preferred associate. In addition, significant positive correlations were found between rank of mares and foals and the rate at which they directed aggression to other herd members. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. | ||||
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| Notes | Cited By (since 1996): 7; Export Date: 21 April 2007; Source: Scopus | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 788 | ||
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| Author | Landsberg, G.; Araujo, J.A. | ||||
| Title | Behavior problems in geriatric pets | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2005 | Publication | The Veterinary Clinics of North America. Small Animal Practice | Abbreviated Journal | Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract |
| Volume | 35 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 675-698 |
| Keywords | Aging/*pathology/physiology/*psychology; Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Cats/*physiology/psychology; Cognition/physiology; Diagnosis, Differential; Dogs/*physiology/psychology; Preventive Medicine | ||||
| Abstract |
Aging pets often suffer a decline in cognitive function (eg, memory,learning, perception, awareness) likely associated with age-dependent brain alterations. Clinically, cognitive dysfunction may result in various behavioral signs, including disorientation; forgetting of previously learned behaviors, such as house training; alterations in the manner in which the pet interacts with people or other pets;onset of new fears and anxiety; decreased recognition of people, places, or pets; and other signs of deteriorating memory and learning ability. Many medical problems, including other forms of brain pathologic conditions, can contribute to these signs. The practitioner must first determine the cause of the behavioral signs and then determine an appropriate course of treatment, bearing in mind the constraints of the aging process. A diagnosis of cognitive dysfunction syndrome is made once other medical and behavioral causes are ruled out. | ||||
| Address | Doncaster Animal Clinic, 99 Henderson Avenue, Thornhill, Ontario L3T2K9, Canada. gmlandvm@aol.com | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | 0195-5616 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:15833565 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2855 | ||
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| Author | Chapais, B.; Girard, M.; Primi, G. | ||||
| Title | Non-kin alliances, and the stability of matrilineal dominance relations in Japanese macaques | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1991 | Publication | Animal Behaviour. | Abbreviated Journal | Anim. Behav. |
| Volume | 41 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 481-491 |
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| Abstract |
Alliances among kin play a major role in a female's acquisition of her mother's dominance rank in many species of cercopithecines. It is noteworthy, however, that kin rarely form coalitions to challenge females from higher-ranking matrilines, and that matrilineal hierarchies are remarkably stable. One possible reason for the rarity of destabilizing coalitions is that members of high-ranking matrilines form alliances against lower ranking ones. In this paper the patterning of aggressive support among non-kin, and its effect on the stability of rank relations are analysed in a captive group of Japanese macaques, Macaca fuscata, composed of three unrelated matrilines. Analysis of the distribution of non-kin interventions in conflicts between matrilines over a 52-month period revealed a clear pattern of preferential support between the two dominant matrilines against the third-ranking one. This pattern was confirmed experimentally. Any member of the two dominant matrilines was unable, individually, to maintain its rank above the third-ranking matriline, but was able to do so in the presence of the other dominant matriline. Non-kin alliances appear to prevent subordinate females from challenging higher ranking females through revolutionary coalitions (formed among subordinates) or through bridging coalitions (formed among individuals ranking above and below the target). Non-kin support is interpreted in terms of cooperation versus reciprocal altruism. | ||||
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| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 2863 | ||
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| Author | Clutton-Brock, T.H.; Russell, A.F.; Sharpe, L.L.; Brotherton, P.N.; McIlrath, G.M.; White, S.; Cameron, E.Z. | ||||
| Title | Effects of helpers on juvenile development and survival in meerkats | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2001 | Publication | Science (New York, N.Y.) | Abbreviated Journal | Science |
| Volume | 293 | Issue | 5539 | Pages | 2446-2449 |
| Keywords | Animals; Breeding; Carnivora/growth & development/*physiology; *Cooperative Behavior; Feeding Behavior; Female; Male; Survival Rate; *Weight Gain | ||||
| Abstract |
Although breeding success is known to increase with group size in several cooperative mammals, the mechanisms underlying these relationships are uncertain. We show that in wild groups of cooperative meerkats, Suricata suricatta, reductions in the ratio of helpers to pups depress the daily weight gain and growth of pups and the daily weight gain of helpers. Increases in the daily weight gain of pups are associated with heavier weights at independence and at 1 year of age, as well as with improved foraging success as juveniles and higher survival rates through the first year of life. These results suggest that the effects of helpers on the fitness of pups extend beyond weaning and that helpers may gain direct as well as indirect benefits by feeding pups. | ||||
| Address | Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK. thcb@hermes.cam.ac.uk | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | 0036-8075 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:11577235 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 414 | ||
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