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| Author | Sato, S. | ||||
| Title | Social licking pattern and its relationships to social dominance and live weight gain in weaned calves | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1984 | Publication | Applied Animal Behaviour Science | Abbreviated Journal | Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. |
| Volume | 12 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 25-32 |
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Abstract  |
Social licking patterns of heifer and steer herds were observed and recorded during periods of resting and intermittent feeding. The results revealed the following features: (1) heifers and steers had 15.0 and 15.2 social licking interactions per hour which lasted for 37.8 and 41.0 s on average, respectively. The average time an animal spent licking was about 25 s per hour; (2) all the animals in the herds were licked by others, but only 72.3% of the animals licked other animals; (3) the animals close in the social hierarchy tended to lick each other for a longer time than did remote animals; (4) the time receiving l licking and weight gain tended to be positively correlated. The observations suggest that (1) the motivation of giving licking may be individual-specific and may be influenced by genetic factors, while that of receiving licking appears to be general, and that (2) social licking may mean not only cleaning the skin and hair of a passive partner, but also leading it to psychological stability. | ||||
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| Publisher | Elsevier | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
| Language | Summary Language | Original Title | |||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0168-1591 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | doi: 10.1016/0168-1591(84)90093-5 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6407 | ||
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| Author | Custance, D.; Whiten, A.; Fredman, T. | ||||
| Title | Social learning of an artificial fruit task in capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella). | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1999 | Publication | Journal of Comparative Psychology | Abbreviated Journal | J. Comp. Psychol. |
| Volume | 113 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 13-23 |
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| Abstract |
Social learning in 11 human-raised capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella) was investigated using an artificial fruit that was designed as an analogue of natural foraging problems faced by primates. Each subject observed a human model open each of 3 principal components on the fruit in 1 of 2 alternative ways (“morphs”). The capuchin monkeys reproduced, to differing extents, the alternative techniques used for opening 1 component of the task (poking vs. pulling while twisting out a pair of smooth plastic bolts) but not the other 2. From the subjects' actions on the bolt latch, independent coders could recognize which morph they had witnessed, and they observed a degree of matching to the demonstrator's act consistent with simple imitation or object movement reenactment (A learns from watching B how an object, or parts of an object, move). Thus, these capuchins were capable of more complex social learning than has been recently ascribed to monkeys. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6563 | ||
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| Author | Wolter, R.; Stefanski, V.; Krueger, K. | ||||
| Title | Parameters for the Analysis of Social Bonds in Horses | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2018 | Publication | Animals | Abbreviated Journal | Animals |
| Volume | 8 | Issue | 11 | Pages | 191 |
| Keywords | feral horses; mutual grooming; social bonds; social bond analysis; spatial proximity | ||||
| Abstract |
Social bond analysis is of major importance for the evaluation of social relationships in group housed horses. However, in equine behaviour literature, studies on social bond analysis are inconsistent. Mutual grooming (horses standing side by side and gently nipping, nuzzling, or rubbing each other), affiliative approaches (horses approaching each other and staying within one body length), and measurements of spatial proximity (horses standing with body contact or within two horse-lengths) are commonly used. In the present study, we assessed which of the three parameters is most suitable for social bond analysis in horses, and whether social bonds are affected by individual and group factors. We observed social behaviour and spatial proximity in 145 feral horses, five groups of Przewalski�s horses (N = 36), and six groups of feral horses (N = 109) for 15 h per group, on three days within one week. We found grooming, friendly approaches, and spatial proximity to be robust parameters, as their correlation was affected only by the animals� sex (GLMM: N = 145, SE = 0.001, t = �2.7, p = 0.008) and the group size (GLMM: N = 145, SE < 0.001, t = 4.255, p < 0.001), but not by the horse breed, the aggression ratio, the social rank, the group, the group composition, and the individuals themselves. Our results show a trend for a correspondence between all three parameters (GLMM: N = 145, SE = 0.004, t = 1.95, p = 0.053), a strong correspondence between mutual grooming and friendly approaches (GLMM: N = 145, SE = 0.021, t = 3.922, p < 0.001), and a weak correspondence between mutual grooming and spatial proximity (GLMM: N = 145, SE = 0.04, t = 1.15, p = 0.25). We therefore suggest either using a combination of the proactive behaviour counts mutual grooming and friendly approaches, or using measurements of close spatial proximity, for the analysis of social bonds in horses within a limited time frame. | ||||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 2076-2615 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6428 | ||
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| Author | Gholib, G.; Heistermann, M.; Agil, M.; Supriatna, I.; Purwantara, B.; Nugraha, T.P.; Engelhardt, A. | ||||
| Title | Comparison of fecal preservation and extraction methods for steroid hormone metabolite analysis in wild crested macaques | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2018 | Publication | Primates | Abbreviated Journal | Primates |
| Volume | 59 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 281-292 |
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| Abstract |
Since the non-invasive field endocrinology techniques were developed, several fecal preservation and extraction methods have been established for a variety of species. However, direct adaptation of methods from previous studies for use in crested macaques should be taken with caution. We conducted an experiment to assess the accuracy and stability of fecal estrogen metabolite (E1C) and glucocorticoid metabolite (GCM) concentrations in response to several preservation parameters: (1) time lag between sample collection and fecal preservation; (2) long-term storage of fecal samples in 80% methanol (MeOH) at ambient temperature; (3) different degrees of feces drying temperature using a conventional oven; and (4) different fecal preservation techniques (i.e., freeze-drying, oven-drying, and field-friendly extraction method) and extraction solvents (methanol, ethanol, and commercial alcohol). The study used fecal samples collected from crested macaques (Macaca nigra) living in the Tangkoko Reserve, North Sulawesi, Indonesia. Samples were assayed using validated E1C and GCM enzyme immunoassays. Concentrations of E1C and GCM in unprocessed feces stored at ambient temperature remained stable for up to 8 h of storage after which concentrations of both E1C and GCM changed significantly compared to controls extracted at time 0. Long-term storage in 80% MeOH at ambient temperature affected hormone concentrations significantly with concentrations of both E1C and GCM increasing after 6 and 4 months of storage, respectively. Drying fecal samples using a conventional oven at 50, 70, and 90 °C did not affect the E1C concentrations, but led to a significant decline for GCM concentrations in samples dried at 90 °C. Different fecal preservation techniques and extraction solvents provided similar results for both E1C and GCM concentrations. Our results confirm previous studies that prior to application of fecal hormone analysis in a new species, several preservation parameters should be evaluated for their effects on hormone metabolite stability. The results also provide several options for fecal preservation, extraction, and storage methods that can be selected depending on the condition of the field site and laboratory. | ||||
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| ISSN | 1610-7365 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ Gholib2018 | Serial | 6521 | ||
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| Author | Ronnenberg, K.; Habbe, B.; Gräber, R.; Strauß, E.; Siebert, U. | ||||
| Title | Coexistence of wolves and humans in a densely populated region (Lower Saxony, Germany) | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2017 | Publication | Basic and Applied Ecology | Abbreviated Journal | Basic. Appl. Ecol. |
| Volume | 25 | Issue | Pages | 1-14 | |
| Keywords | Grey wolf; ; Habitat use; Species distribution models; Predator-prey interactions | ||||
| Abstract |
Since the first sporadic occurrences of grey wolves (Canis lupus) west of the Polish border in 1996, wolves have shown a rapid population recovery in Germany. Wolves are known to avoid people and wolf attacks on humans are very rare worldwide. However, the subjectively perceived threat is considerable, especially as food-conditioned habituation to humans occurs sporadically. Lower Saxony (Germany) has an exceedingly higher human population density than most other regions with territorial wolves; thus, the potential for human-wolf conflicts is higher. Using hunters' wildlife survey data from 455 municipalities and two years (2014-2015) and data from the official wolf monitoring (557 confirmed wolf presences and 500 background points) collected between 2012-2015, grey wolf habitat selection was modelled using generalized additive models with respect to human population density, road density, forest cover and roe deer density. Moreover, we tested whether habitat use changed in response to human population and road density between 2012/2013 and 2014/2015. Wolves showed a preference for areas of low road density. Human population density was less important as a covariate in the model of the survey data. Areas with higher prey abundance (5-10 roe deer/km2) and areas with >20% forest cover were preferred wolf habitats. Wolves were mostly restricted to areas with the lowest road and human population densities. However, between the two time periods, avoidance of human density decreased significantly. Recolonization of Germany is still in its early stages and it is unclear where this process will halt. To-date authorities mainly concentrate on monitoring measures. However, to avoid conflict, recolonization will require more stringent management of wolf populations and an improved information strategy for rural populations. | ||||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 1439-1791 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6397 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Pirault, P.; Danvy, S.; Verrier, E.; Leroy, G. | ||||
| Title | Genetic Structure and Gene Flows within Horses: A Genealogical Study at the French Population Scale | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2013 | Publication | Plos One | Abbreviated Journal | Plos One |
| Volume | 8 | Issue | 4 | Pages | e61544 |
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| Abstract |
Since horse breeds constitute populations submitted to variable and multiple outcrossing events, we analyzed the genetic structure and gene flows considering horses raised in France. We used genealogical data, with a reference population of 547,620 horses born in France between 2002 and 2011, grouped according to 55 breed origins. On average, individuals had 6.3 equivalent generations known. Considering different population levels, fixation index decreased from an overall species FIT of 1.37%, to an average of -0.07% when considering the 55 origins, showing that most horse breeds constitute populations without genetic structure. We illustrate the complexity of gene flows existing among horse breeds, a few populations being closed to foreign influence, most, however, being submitted to various levels of introgression. In particular, Thoroughbred and Arab breeds are largely used as introgression sources, since those two populations explain together 26% of founder origins within the overall horse population. When compared with molecular data, breeds with a small level of coancestry also showed low genetic distance; the gene pool of the breeds was probably impacted by their reproducer exchanges. | ||||
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| Publisher | Public Library of Science | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6215 | ||
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| Author | Sigurjónsdóttir, H.; Haraldsson, H. | ||||
| Title | Significance of Group Composition for the Welfare of Pastured Horses | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2018 | Publication | Animals | Abbreviated Journal | Animals |
| Volume | 9 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 14 |
| Keywords | horse welfare; aggression; allogrooming; pastured horses; Icelandic horse | ||||
| Abstract |
Simple Summary Because of their social nature, horses need to have plenty of opportunities to interact with others to establish bonds and learn from their elders. Comparison of social behaviour of 426 horses in 20 groups of Icelandic horses in pastures, showed that aggression was lowest where the group composition was like the natural system, i.e., with a stallion, mares and their young foals. In groups without a stallion, the presence of foals is also associated with low aggression. Stability of the group with respect to group composition is of great importance; the horses are less aggressive in the more stable groups. The highest aggression was found in groups of unfamiliar yearlings. The horses allogroomed more in groups with relatively more young horses, which suggests they are forming bonds. Later, they groom less but prefer certain individuals. Horse owners should all be aware of the importance of planning the composition of horse groups and to keep the membership as stable as possible in order to ensure good welfare. Abstract We explore how herd composition and management factors correlate with frequencies of social interactions in horse groups. Since the welfare of horses correlates with low aggression levels and social contact opportunities, information of this kind is important. The data are a collection of records of social interactions of 426 Icelandic horses in 20 groups of at least eight horses. The complexities and limitations of the data prohibit useful statistical modelling so the results are presented descriptively. Interesting and informative patterns emerge which can be of use both in management and in future studies. Of special interest are the low levels of agonistic behaviours in breeding groups where one stallion was present. The horses were less agonistic when in groups with young foals and where group membership was stable. Unfamiliar yearlings in peer groups were especially aggressive. Allogrooming was most frequent in groups with relatively more young horses and in unstable and small groups. Interestingly, the horses allogroomed more if they had few preferred allogrooming partners. The findings show that composition (age/sex) and stability of groups are of great importance with respect to aggression levels and opportunities for establishing bonds. |
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6585 | ||
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| Author | Dong, D.; Jones, G.; Zhang, S. | ||||
| Title | Dynamic evolution of bitter taste receptor genes in vertebrates | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2009 | Publication | BMC Evolutionary Biology | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 9 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 12 |
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| Abstract |
Sensing bitter tastes is crucial for many animals because it can prevent them from ingesting harmful foods. This process is mainly mediated by the bitter taste receptors (T2R), which are largely expressed in the taste buds. Previous studies have identified some T2R gene repertoires, and marked variation in repertoire size has been noted among species. However, the mechanisms underlying the evolution of vertebrate T2R genes remain poorly understood. | ||||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 1471-2148 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ Dong2009 | Serial | 6637 | ||
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| Author | Krange, O.; Skogen, K. | ||||
| Title | When the lads go hunting: The 'Hammertown mechanism' and the conflict over wolves in Norway | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2011 | Publication | Ethnography | Abbreviated Journal | Ethnography |
| Volume | 12 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 466-489 |
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| Abstract |
Rural communities are changing. Depopulation and unemployment is accompanied by the advance of new perspectives on nature, where protection trumps resource extraction. These developments are perceived as threatening by rural working-class people with close ties to traditional land use ? a situation they often meet with cultural resistance. Cultural resistance is not necessarily launched against institutionalized power, nor does it necessarily imply a desire for fundamental social change. It should rather be seen as a struggle for autonomy. However, autonomy does not entail influence outside the cultural realm. Struggles to uphold traditional rural lifestyles ? for example by denouncing the current nature conservation regime ? could be understood in much the same conceptual framework as Willis employed in ?Learning to labour?. Based on an ethnographic study of the conflicts over wolf protection, we demonstrate that ?the Hammertown mechanism? is of a more general nature than often implied in the discussion of Willis? work. | ||||
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| Publisher | SAGE Publications | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 1466-1381 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | doi: 10.1177/1466138110397227 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6425 | ||
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| Author | Thorndike, E. L. | ||||
| Title | Review of Animal Intelligence: An Experimental Study of the Associative Processes in Animals. | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1898 | Publication | Psychological Review | Abbreviated Journal | Psychol. Rev. |
| Volume | 5 | Issue | 5 | Pages | 551-553 |
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| Abstract |
Reviews the article “Animal Intelligence: An Experimental Study of the Associative Processes in Animals” by E. L. Thorndike. In this monograph are presented the results of some experiments which the author has been carrying on during two years, and some theories which these results seem to support. The subjects of the experiments were dogs, cats and chicks, and the method was to put them, when hungry, in boxes from which they could escape and so get food by manipulating some simple mechanism (e. g., by pulling down a loop of wire, depressing a lever, turning a button). The author reports on the behavior of the animals. The author's conception of mental evolution is briefly explained, and applications of his results to education, anthropology and theoretical psychology are made. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6162 | ||
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