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Author |
Ahmadinejad, M., Tavakoli, S. |
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Title |
Common injuries in athletic horses in Tehran‘s riding clubs |
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Conference Article |
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Year |
2012 |
Publication |
Proceedings of the 2. International Equine Science Meeting |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. 2. Int. Equine. Sci. Mtg |
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in press |
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Various forms of intensive sport activities places stresses on the musculoskeletal system of the horse while involve in any forms of the activity (race &/or training). The musculoskeletal system of the horse has an inherent ability to adapt to the demands of high speed exercise, though if a threshold in adaptive capacity is exceeded, then some forms of damages to the structures of the musculoskeletal system may result. In case, if the insult (race &/or training) continued, it may worsen the repair and adaptation process and put the horse at risk of more serious musculoskeletal injury.
The result of this research describe the finding of the study performed in different breeds of horses involved in various types of activity in Tehran’s riding clubs, concentrating on the types of injuries observed in those horses. The study was then focused on the types of injuries observed in various activities (events) horses involved in.
Totally 400 horses took part in various activities during race season (March – September) in Tehran’s riding clubs, out of which 26 horses injured, in most of which musculoskeletal system of the fore limbs were involved.
From the sexual aspect of the study the percentages of the stallions were more (54%) when compared to the mares (46%). In this study the relation between the sex, breed, age and the weight of the horses with anatomical site of the injury, outcome of the injury, climate and the type of the event (jumping, polo etc.) were studied and compare with each other.
Bibliography:
Hill AE, Stover SM, Gardner IA, Kane AJ, Whitcomb MB, Emerson AG, 2001. Risk factors for and outcomes non catastrophic suspensory apparatus injury in Thoroughbred race horse. J.A.V.M.A. 218, 1136-44
Johnson BJ 1993. A look at race horse breakdowns. J.Eq.Vet.Scie. 13, 129-32
Morse SJ. 1999. A longitudinal study of racing thoroughbreds; performance during the first year of racing. Aust.Vet.J. 77, 105-12
Peloso JG, Mundy GD, Cohen ND. 1994. Prevalence of, and factors associated with, musculoskeletal racing injuries of thoroughbreds. J.A.V.M.A. 204, 620-6 |
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Ahmadinejad, M. |
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Krueger, K. |
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IESM 2012 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5495 |
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Spagnoletti, N.; Visalberghi, E.; Verderane, M.P.; Ottoni, E.; Izar, P.; Fragaszy, D. |
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Title |
Stone tool use in wild bearded capuchin monkeys, Cebus libidinosus. Is it a strategy to overcome food scarcity? |
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Year |
2012 |
Publication |
Animal Behaviour |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Behav. |
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83 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
1285-1294 |
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bearded capuchin; Cebus libidinosus; fallback food; necessity hypothesis; nut cracking; opportunity hypothesis; tool use |
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To determine whether tool use varied in relation to food availability in bearded capuchin monkeys, we recorded anvil and stone hammer use in two sympatric wild groups, one of which was provisioned daily, and assessed climatic variables and availability of fruits, invertebrates and palm nuts. Capuchins used tools to crack open encased fruits, mostly palm nuts, throughout the year. Significant differences between wet and dry seasons were found in rainfall, abundance of invertebrates and palm nuts, but not in fruit abundance. Catulè nuts were more abundant in the dry season. We tested the predictions of the necessity hypothesis (according to which tool use is maintained by sustenance needs during resource scarcity) and of the opportunity hypothesis (according to which tool use is maintained by repeated exposure to appropriate ecological conditions, such as preferred food resources necessitating the use of tools). Our findings support only the opportunity hypothesis. The rate of tool use was not affected by provisioning, and the monthly rate of tool use was not correlated with the availability of fruits and invertebrates. Conversely, all capuchins cracked food items other than palm nuts (e.g. cashew nuts) when available, and adult males cracked nuts more in the dry season when catulè nuts (the most common and exploited nut) are especially abundant. Hence, in our field site capuchins use tools opportunistically. |
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0003-3472 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5855 |
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Author |
Theodoropoulou, P.; Youlatos, D. |
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Title |
Prevalence of stereotypies amongst Thoroughbred race horses (Equus caballus) in Greece |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2012 |
Publication |
Proceedings of the 2. International Equine Science Meeting |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. 2. Int. Equine. Sci. Mtg |
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in press |
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Thoroughbred, race horse, stereotypy, Greece |
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Thoroughbred horses are keen to develop stereotypies in higher rates compared to other breeds. In Greece, race horses are exclusively thoroughbreds, which are intensively kept under strict environments. Our study, the first of its kind in Greece, explores the prevalence of stereotypic behaviour in these horses and its interrelation to intrinsic and management factors. For these purposes, we recorded intrinsic (age, gender, indoors and outdoors temperament, playfulness, etc.) and management parameters (time spent out, number of horses per groom, etc.) in association with established stereotypic behaviours (box walking, weaving, head nodding, wind sucking, bed eating) in 209 horses in the Markopoulo Race Track, Attica, Greece. Our analysis showed an overall prevalence of 46.6 %, which is way too high compared to those reported for other race horses worldwide. Furthermore, box walking was strongly associated with indoors temperament (p=0.012), playfulness (p=0.03), and horses per groom (p<0.001). Bed eating with gender (p=0.009), outdoors temperament (p=0.018) and playfulness (p=0.004), while head nodding with indoors and outdoors temperament (p=0.001 and p=0.002, respectively). These results corroborate with previous investigations in other race horses, and indicate the importance of intrinsic factors in developing stereotypies in Thoroughbreds. |
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Theodoropoulou, P. |
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Xenophon Publishing |
Place of Publication |
Wald |
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Krueger, K. |
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978-3-9808134-26 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5536 |
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Author |
Mshelia, W.P.; Abdussamad, A.M.; Onoja, I.I., Victoria, S.Q.; Richard, E.E. |
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Title |
Husbandry and Management Practices in Domestic horses in Northern Nigeria and their Clinical Implications |
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Conference Article |
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Year |
2012 |
Publication |
Proceedings of the 2. International Equine Science Meeting |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. 2. Int. Equine. Sci. Mtg |
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in press |
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This study was conducted to identify common husbandry and management practices associated with domestic horses in Northern Nigeria. Fifty (50) of the horse was purposely selected as units of analysis. Primary data was generated by means of a pre-tested, semi-structured questionnaire administered to the sampled respondents. A simple inductive statistics was applied to the primary data. The study revealed that the whole facilities studied 50(100%) had a prior experience with horses. A large number of horses, mostly West African Dongola and West African Barb are kept solely for pleasure or ceremonial purposes (60%). While the other breeds of horses like Argentine (6%) and South Africa polo ponies (2%) are kept for polo. Recently, the Sudan country-bred (4%) and Western Sudan pony (6%) have found a place in West African polo. Other breeds found within the facilities studied are Argentine criollo; Nigerian ponies and various crosses. Only 10% of the facilities had breeding stocks with only 2% carrying out artificial insemination while 8% do natural mating. The housing management system includes stables (40%) and open fields (60%) where horses are tethered. Bedding materials includes straws (50%); sand (20%) and wood shavings (30%). Feed grade provided include a combination of rations-bran; cracked grain and hay (40%), Bran; cracked grain and legumes (48%) and Bran and hay (12%), all feed combination administered along with fresh grass. Watering and feeding practices involves provision of feed and water twice daily (50%) and while others provide it adlib (25%). Feeding horses with various additives accounted for 19% of the studied facilities. The health status as shown by the body condition score ranges from II-IV/V (88%) of the population studied. Routine dental care is regular (30%) with all the facilities while others (70%) are not irregular. Grooming is common in all the facilities especially within the performance horse circle. Routine hoof care including trimming and shoeing is common in 26% of the facilities while hoof trimming without shoeing is a common practice in 74% of the facilities. Orthodox medicine practiced in 80% of the studied area. While ethnoveterinary consist of 10%, while a combination of orthodox and ethnoveterinary medicine was common in 10% of the study area. Vaccination against African horse sickness equine influenza and tetanus is common in the various equine communities.Though 16% of the population do not vaccinate against any known disease. Parasite control program include pasture hygiene (4%); interval dosing (10%); continuous in-feed (4%); selective dosing (40%) and strategic dosing constitute 42%. Exercise is a common practice but intensity and duration is not strictly adhered to especially during tendon injuries. Manure management differs from facility to facility- some dispose manure within the facilities (40%) while others dispose it outside the facilities (60%). A number of clinical signs like limping, coughing, ocular and nasal discharge, swellings on the body, abnormal mucous membrane, fever, ventral oedema and reluctance to move, foul respiratory odour was observed. Clinical cases like laminitis; pigeon fever; bran disease; colic; African horse sickness; exertional rhabdomyolysis; sinusitis; piroplasmosis; dermatomycosis and tumours was observed. KW - |
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Corporate Author |
Mshelia, W.P. |
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Xenophon Publishing |
Place of Publication |
Wald |
Editor |
Krueger, K. |
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978-3-9808134-26 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5517 |
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Author |
Hanggi, E.B.; Ingersoll, J.F. |
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Title |
Lateral vision in horses: A behavioral investigation |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2012 |
Publication |
Behavioural Processes |
Abbreviated Journal |
Behav. Process. |
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Volume |
91 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
70-76 |
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Keywords |
Lateral vision; Horse; Equine; Stimulus discrimination; Field of view; Peripheral |
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Abstract |
This study investigated lateral vision in horses (Equus caballus) for the first time from a behavioral point of view. Three horses were tested using a novel experimental design to determine the range of their lateral and caudolateral vision with respect to stimulus detection and discrimination. Real-life stimuli were presented along a curvilinear wall in one of four different positions (A, B, C, D) and one of two height locations (Top, Bottom) on both sides of the horse. To test for stimulus detection, the correct stimulus was paired against a control; for stimulus discrimination, the correct stimulus was paired against another object. To indicate that the correct stimulus was detected or discriminated, the horses pushed one of two paddles. All horses scored significantly above chance on stimulus detection trials regardless of stimulus position or location. They also accurately discriminated between stimuli when objects appeared in positions A, B, and C for the top or bottom locations; however, they failed to discriminate these stimuli at position D. This study supports physiological descriptions of the equine eye and provides new behavioral data showing that horses can detect the appearance of objects within an almost fully encompassing circle and are able to identify objects within most but not all of their panoramic field of view. |
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0376-6357 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5621 |
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Author |
Van de Weerd, H.A.; Seaman, S.; Wheeler, K.; Goddard, P.; Mclean, B. |
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Title |
Use of artificial drinkers by unhandled semi-feral ponies |
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Journal Article |
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2012 |
Publication |
Applied Animal Behaviour Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. |
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Volume |
139 |
Issue |
1-2 |
Pages |
86-95 |
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Semi-feral Dartmoor ponies; Drinking behaviour; Preference tests; Welfare |
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This study investigated drinking behaviour of unhandled, semi-feral Dartmoor ponies. Aspects studied were drinking behaviour, latency to drink from novel unfamiliar drinkers after transport, preferences for different types of artificial water drinkers, effects of mixing with unfamiliar ponies and group size, on drinking behaviour, and the effect of a simulated market on the latency to drink. Ponies were tested in groups of three or six animals, or as individuals in test pens that were equipped with three water drinkers: bucket, automatic drinking bowl, flowing water trough. Behaviour was recorded using time-lapse video. An individual pony drank on average 10 l per day. Ponies also drank, but at a lower rate, during the night. The latencies to drink after 4.5 h of transport showed large variation, but most ponies drank within the first hour after being transported (all groups 80.5 ± 32.94 min, mean ± SEM). In the individual choice tests, the preferred drinkers were the bucket and the flowing water trough, but not the automatic drinking bowl (drinking time 25.2 ± 4.66, 11.5 ± 4.26, 2.4 ± 2.23 min for bucket, trough and bowl respectively, mean ± SEM; paired t-tests, bowl versus other drinkers, all tests p < 0.02). A possible reason for the avoidance of the automatic bowl was the noise it made when filling. After mixing a group of three ponies with a group of three unfamiliar animals, the ponies did not express their individual drinker preferences anymore. The use of the previously preferred bucket decreased significantly and the use of the initially, non-preferred, bowl increased significantly. This was likely caused by the fact that ponies were either intentionally or accidentally obstructing drinkers in certain areas of the pen and unfamiliar ponies did not want to push past them. In the simulated market, the differences in latencies to drink between ponies in the home pen and market groups did not reach significance. No significant effect of group size (groups of three versus six ponies) on drinking behaviour was detected. The results have implications for situations where only automatic water bowls are provided, such as during pony sales at livestock markets. Preventing ponies from expressing their drinking choice, either by offering non-preferred drinkers or by mixing with unfamiliar animals, could adversely affect their welfare especially if this happens in conjunction with other stressful events such as transport and markets, and potentially weaning. |
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0168-1591 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5596 |
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Author |
Lampe, J.F.; Andre, J. |
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Title |
Cross-modal recognition of human individuals in domestic horses (Equus caballus) |
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Journal Article |
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2012 |
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Abbreviated Journal |
Animal Cognition |
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15 |
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4 |
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623-630 |
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Cross-modal; Recognition of humans; Horse; Equus caballus; Human–horse interaction; Animal cognition; Visual recognition; Auditory recognition; Voice discrimination; Interspecific |
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This study has shown that domestic horses are capable of cross-modal recognition of familiar humans. It was demonstrated that horses are able to discriminate between the voices of a familiar and an unfamiliar human without seeing or smelling them at the same moment. Conversely, they were able to discriminate the same persons when only exposed to their visual and olfactory cues, without being stimulated by their voices. A cross-modal expectancy violation setup was employed; subjects were exposed both to trials with incongruent auditory and visual/olfactory identity cues and trials with congruent cues. It was found that subjects responded more quickly, longer and more often in incongruent trials, exhibiting heightened interest in unmatched cues of identity. This suggests that the equine brain is able to integrate multisensory identity cues from a familiar human into a person representation that allows the brain, when deprived of one or two senses, to maintain recognition of this person. |
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Springer-Verlag |
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English |
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1435-9448 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5698 |
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Author |
Schneider, G.; Krueger, K. |
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Title |
Third-party interventions keep social partners from exchanging affiliative interactions with others |
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Journal Article |
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2012 |
Publication |
Animal Behaviour |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Behav. |
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83 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
377-387 |
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Equus caballus; horse; rank; social bond; social network; third-party intervention |
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Third-party interventions are defined as the interruption of dyadic interactions by third animals through direct physical contact, interposing or threats. Previous studies focused on the analysis of interventions against agonistic encounters. However, there have been no evaluations of interventions against affiliative behaviours, particularly in relation to the intervening animal�s social relationships and its social and spatial position. Horses, Equus caballus, are an interesting model species, as interventions against affiliative interactions occur more frequently than against agonistic interactions. In this study, 64 feral horses displayed 67 interventions in affiliative interactions and eight interventions in agonistic interactions within the observation period. We analysed the interventions in affiliative encounters, and found that it was mainly higher-ranking females that intervened in the affiliative interactions of group mates in the stable horse harems. The intervening animals took an active part in affiliative and agonistic encounters within the group, but did not occupy particular social roles or spatial positions. They intervened in affiliative interactions in which group mates with which they had social bonds interacted with other members of the group. They targeted the nonbonded animal and approached the one with which they were socially bonded. We suggest some species use third-party interventions in affiliative interactions to prevent competition for preferred social interaction partners from escalating into more costly agonistic encounters. |
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0003-3472 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5492 |
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Author |
Schneider, G.; Krueger, K. |
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Title |
Third-party intervention |
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Conference Article |
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2012 |
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Proceedings of the 2. International Equine Science Meeting |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. 2. Int. Equine. Sci. Mtg |
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73 |
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Third-party intervention is the interruption of a dyadic interaction by a third animal. We observed such interventions in affiliative interactions in free-ranging Esperia-ponies (Equus caballus). It is known that horses intervene in affiliative contexts especially when a preferred partner is involved, probably to protect their social bond to this preferred partner. To prove this hypothesis the present study investigated whether the preferred partner was targeted, i.e. challenged, or supported by the intervener or both randomly. Therefore we examined the social relationship between the intervener and both dyadic interacting individuals. We found that interveners usually supported individuals to which they have stronger social bonds than to other group mates, while they have no particular relationship to the targeted animals. This indicates that interveners in stable horse groups protect their social bonds to the supported animals by challenging their interaction partners. Of all observed horses only some mares showed intervention behaviour. Their social position, reflected by their position in the dominance hierarchy, social networks, and the spatial group structure were investigated. We found that interveners occupy no unique position, but they are involved in a high amount of affiliative interactions, high-ranking, and relatively aggressive. KW - |
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Corporate Author |
Krueger, K. |
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Xenophon Publishing |
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Wald |
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978-3-9808134-26 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5549 |
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Author |
Watanabe, N.M.; Stahlman, W.D.; Blaisdell, A.P.; Garlick, D.; Fast, C.D.; Blumstein, D.T. |
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Title |
Quantifying personality in the terrestrial hermit crab: Different measures, different inferences |
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Journal Article |
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2012 |
Publication |
Behavioural Processes |
Abbreviated Journal |
Behav. Process. |
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91 |
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2 |
Pages |
133-140 |
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Animal personality; Behavioral syndrome; Hermit crabs |
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There is much interest in studying animal personalities but considerable debate as to how to define and evaluate them. We assessed the utility of one proposed framework while studying personality in terrestrial hermit crabs (Coenobita clypeatus). We recorded the latency of individuals to emerge from their shells over multiple trials in four unique manipulations. We used the specific testing situations within these manipulations to define two temperament categories (shyness-boldness and exploration-avoidance). Our results identified individual behavioral consistency (i.e., personality) across repeated trials of the same situations, within both categories. Additionally, we found correlations between behaviors across contexts (traits) that suggested that the crabs had behavioral syndromes. While we found some correlations between behaviors that are supposed to measure the same temperament trait, these correlations were not inevitable. Furthermore, a principal component analysis (PCA) of our data revealed new relationships between behaviors and provided the foundation for an alternate interpretation: measured behaviors may be situation-specific, and may not reflect general personality traits at all. These results suggest that more attention must be placed on how we infer personalities from standardized methods, and that we must be careful to not force our data to fit our frameworks. |
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0376-6357 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5620 |
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