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de Vries, H. |
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Title |
An improved test of linearity in dominance hierarchies containing unknown or tied relationships |
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Year |
1995 |
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Animal Behaviour. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Behav. |
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50 |
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5 |
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1375-1389 |
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Abstract  |
Appleby (1983, Anim. Behav., 31, 600-608) described a statistical test, based on the work of Kendall (1962, Rank Correlation Methods), for the significance of linearity in dominance hierarchies. He suggested that unknown relationships should be assigned the value 1/2 and that subsequently the same test procedure can be used. In this paper it is shown that incorrect results are obtained by this method whenever there are unknown relationships. Values of the linearity index are systematically too low. P-values can be too high (underestimating the significance) or too low (overestimating), and seem to differ by not much more than a factor two (respectively a half) from the correct P-value. An improved method is developed for testing linearity in a set of dominance relationships containing unknown relationships. Furthermore, it is argued that, if one admits the possibility of tied dominance relationships, which should indeed be assigned the value 1/2, Landau's linearity index is to be preferred to Kendall's index. A randomization test is developed for assessing the significance of linearity or non-linearity in a set of dominance relationships containing unknown or tied relationships. The test statistic employed in this testing procedure is based on Landau's linearity index, but takes the unknown and tied relationships into account. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4284 |
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Vervaecke, H.; Stevens, J.; Vandemoortele, H.; Sigurjönsdöttir, H.; De Vries, H. |
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Title |
Aggression and dominance in matched groups of subadult Icelandic horses (Equus caballus) |
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2007 |
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Journal of Ethology |
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J. Ethol. |
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25 |
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3 |
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239-248 |
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Equus – Dominance – Aggression – Hierarchy – Steepness |
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Abstract We studied sex differences in the nature of aggression and dominance behaviour in two newly formed groups of 1-year-old Icelandic horses. One herd contained nine geldings, the other nine mares. The groups were matched with regard to dominance-determining traits such as age, weaning age, composition of native herd, social experience, genetic origin, body condition and maternal dominance status. High-ranking individuals of both sexes were more aggressive, high-ranking males were older, and high-ranking females had a better body condition. Frequencies of aggressions were similar in both groups. The mares reacted significantly more by showing submission upon an aggression rather than by not responding or by escalating the aggression. For the geldings, this difference was not observed due to a lower tendency to submit. A linear dominance hierarchy was found in both groups. David`s scores provided additional information regarding cardinal rank distances and were used to calculate steepness of hierarchies. The female hierarchy was somewhat steeper compared to the male hierarchy, suggesting somewhat lower despotism among males. This was mainly a consequence of the lower unidirectionality in male submission. Male contests occurred predominantly between dyads at top and mid positions, suggesting a low degree of acceptance of the hierarchy. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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2192 |
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Stevens, J.; Vervaecke, H.; De Vries, H.; Van Elsacker, L. |
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Title |
Social structures in Pan paniscus: testing the female bonding hypothesis |
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2006 |
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Primates |
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Primates |
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47 |
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3 |
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210-217 |
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Abstract Based on previous research in captivity, bonobos, Pan paniscus, have been called a female-bonded species. However, genetic and behavioural data indicate that wild females migrate. Bonding between these unrelated females would then be in contradiction with socio-ecological models. It has been argued that female bonding has been overemphasized in captive bonobos. We examine patterns of proximity, grooming and support behaviour in six well established captive groups of bonobos. We find that female bonding was not a typical characteristic of all captive bonobo groups. In only two groups there was a trend for females to prefer proximity with other females over association with males. We found no evidence that following or grooming between females was more frequent than between males and unrelated females or between males. Only in coalitions, females supported each other more than male-female or male-male dyads. We also investigated five mother-son pairs. Grooming was more frequent among mothers and sons than in any other dyad, but sons did not groom their mothers more than males groomed unrelated females. Mothers groomed their sons, or provided more support to them than females groomed or supported unrelated males. Thus, while bonds between females were clearly present, intersexual relations between males and either unrelated females or their mothers are of more, or equal importance. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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2193 |
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Author |
de VRIES, H.A.N. |
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Title |
Finding a dominance order most consistent with a linear hierarchy: a new procedure and review |
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Year |
1998 |
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Animal Behaviour. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Behav. |
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55 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
827-843 |
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A procedure for ordering a set of individuals into a linear or near-linear dominance hierarchy is presented. Two criteria are used in a prioritized way in reorganizing the dominance matrix to find an order that is most consistent with a linear hierarchy: first, minimization of the numbers of inconsistencies and, second, minimization of the total strength of the inconsistencies. The linear ordering procedure, which involves an iterative algorithm based on a generalized swapping rule, is feasible for matrices of up to 80 individuals. The procedure can be applied to any dominance matrix, since it does not make any assumptions about the form of the probabilities of winning and losing. The only assumption is the existence of a linear or near-linear hierarchy which can be verified by means of a linearity test. A review of existing ranking methods is presented and these are compared with the proposed method. |
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refbase @ user @ |
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457 |
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Author |
Gammell, M.P.; de Vries, H.; Jennings, D.J.; Carlin, C.M.; Hayden, T.J. |
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Title |
David's score: a more appropriate dominance ranking method than Clutton-Brock et al.'s index |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2003 |
Publication |
Animal Behaviour. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Behav. |
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Volume |
66 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
601-605 |
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453 |
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Author |
Albers, P.C.H.; de Vries, H. |
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Title |
Elo-rating as a tool in the sequential estimation of dominance strengths |
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2001 |
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Animal Behaviour. |
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Anim. Behav. |
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61 |
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2 |
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489-495 |
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refbase @ user @ |
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858 |
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Author |
De Vries, H.; Appleby, M.C. |
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Title |
Finding an appropriate order for a hierarchy: a comparison of the I&SI and the BBS methods |
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Year |
2000 |
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Animal Behaviour. |
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Anim. Behav. |
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59 |
Issue |
1 |
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239-245 |
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869 |
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