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Proops, L.; McComb, K. |
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Title |
Attributing attention: the use of human-given cues by domestic horses (Equus caballus) |
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2010 |
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Animal Cognition |
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Anim. Cogn. |
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13 |
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2 |
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197-205 |
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Abstract Recent research has shown that domestic dogs are particularly good at determining the focus of human attention, often outperforming chimpanzees and hand-reared wolves. It has been suggested that the close evolutionary relationship between humans and dogs has led to the development of this ability; however, very few other domestic species have been studied. We tested the ability of 36 domestic horses to discriminate between an attentive and inattentive person in determining whom to approach for food. The cues provided were body orientation, head orientation or whether the experimenters’ eyes were open or closed. A fourth, mixed condition was included where the attentive person stood with their body facing away from the subjects but their head turned towards the subject while the inattentive person stood with their body facing the subject but their head turned away. Horses chose the attentive person significantly more often using the body cue, head cue, and eye cue but not the mixed cue. This result suggests that domestic horses are highly sensitive to human attentional cues, including gaze. The possible role of evolutionary and environmental factors in the development of this ability is discussed. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4984 |
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Proops, L.; Rayner, J.; Taylor, A.M.; McComb, K. |
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Title |
The Responses of Young Domestic Horses to Human-Given Cues |
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Journal Article |
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2013 |
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PLoS ONE |
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PLoS ONE |
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8 |
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6 |
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e67000 EP - |
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<p>It has been suggested that the process of domestication, at least in some species, has led to an innate predisposition to be skilled at reading human communicative and attentional cues. Adult domestic horses (<italic>Equus caballus</italic>) are highly sensitive to subtle bodily cues when determining if a person is attending to them but they are less adept at using human communicative cues in object choice tasks. Here we provide the first study into the ontogeny of such skills in order to gain insights into the mechanisms underlying these abilities. Compared with adult horses, youngsters under the age of three could use body orientation but not more subtle cues such as head movement and open/closed eyes to correctly choose an attentive person to approach for food. Across two object choice experiments, the performance of young horses was comparable to that of adult horses – subjects were able to correctly choose a rewarded bucket using marker placement, pointing and touching cues but could not use body orientation, gaze, elbow pointing or tapping cues. Taken together these results do not support the theory that horses possess an innate predisposition to be particularly skilled at using human cues. Horses' ability to determine whether humans are attending to them using subtle body cues appears to require significant experience to fully develop and their perhaps less remarkable use of limited cues in object choice tasks, although present at a much earlier age, is likely to reflect a more general learning ability related to stimulus enhancement rather than a specific ‘human-reading’ skill.</p> |
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Public Library of Science |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5676 |
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Wathan, J.; Burrows, A.M.; Waller, B.M.; McComb, K. |
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Title |
EquiFACS: The Equine Facial Action Coding System |
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2015 |
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PLoS ONE |
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PLoS ONE |
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10 |
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8 |
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e0131738 |
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<p>Although previous studies of horses have investigated their facial expressions in specific contexts, e.g. pain, until now there has been no methodology available that documents all the possible facial movements of the horse and provides a way to record all potential facial configurations. This is essential for an objective description of horse facial expressions across a range of contexts that reflect different emotional states. Facial Action Coding Systems (FACS) provide a systematic methodology of identifying and coding facial expressions on the basis of underlying facial musculature and muscle movement. FACS are anatomically based and document all possible facial movements rather than a configuration of movements associated with a particular situation. Consequently, FACS can be applied as a tool for a wide range of research questions. We developed FACS for the domestic horse (<italic>Equus caballus</italic>) through anatomical investigation of the underlying musculature and subsequent analysis of naturally occurring behaviour captured on high quality video. Discrete facial movements were identified and described in terms of the underlying muscle contractions, in correspondence with previous FACS systems. The reliability of others to be able to learn this system (EquiFACS) and consistently code behavioural sequences was high?and this included people with no previous experience of horses. A wide range of facial movements were identified, including many that are also seen in primates and other domestic animals (dogs and cats). EquiFACS provides a method that can now be used to document the facial movements associated with different social contexts and thus to address questions relevant to understanding social cognition and comparative psychology, as well as informing current veterinary and animal welfare practices.</p> |
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Public Library of Science |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5973 |
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Author |
McComb, K. |
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Title |
Social cognition and emotional awareness: studies on elephants and horses |
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Conference Article |
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2015 |
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Proceedings of the 3. International Equine Science Meeting |
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Proc. 3. Int. Equine. Sci. Mtg |
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McComb, K. |
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Xenophon Publishing |
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Wald |
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Krueger, K. |
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Proc. 3. Int. Equine. Sci. Mtg |
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in prep |
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978-3-95625-000-2 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5800 |
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McComb, K.; Moss, C.; Sayialel, S.; Baker, L. |
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Title |
Unusually extensive networks of vocal recognition in African elephants |
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Year |
2000 |
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Anim Behav |
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59 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ McComb2000 |
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6281 |
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