Records |
Author |
Nallan, G.B.; Pace, G.M.; McCoy, D.F.; Zentall, T.R. |
Title |
The role of elicited responding in the feature-positive effect |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1983 |
Publication |
The American journal of psychology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Am J Psychol |
Volume |
96 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
377-390 |
Keywords |
Animals; Color Perception; Columbidae; *Discrimination (Psychology); Male; Practice (Psychology); Reinforcement (Psychology); Time Factors |
Abstract ![sorted by Abstract field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
Hearst and Jenkins proposed in 1974 that elicited responding accounts for the feature-positive effect. To test this position, pigeons were exposed to a feature-positive or feature-negative discrimination between successively presented displays--one consisted of a red and a green response key and the other consisted of two green response keys. There were four main conditions: 5-5 (5-sec trials, 5-sec intertrial intervals), 5-30, 30-30, and 30-180. Conditions 5-30 and 30-180 should produce the largest amount of elicited responding, and therefore the largest feature-positive effects. A response-independent bird was yoked to each response-dependent bird to allow direct assessment of the amount of elicited responding generated by each condition. Contrary to the predictions by Hearst and Jenkins's theory, response-dependent birds showed large feature-positive effects in each condition. The largest feature-positive effect was obtained in condition 5-5. Response-independent birds produced similar results, but manifested low response rates. |
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English |
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0002-9556 |
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PMID:6650707 |
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no |
Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
266 |
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Author |
Sone, K. |
Title |
[Apropos of 5 cases of so-called “delusions of cutaneous and intestinal infestation”--psychopathologic and neuropsychological considerations] |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1983 |
Publication |
Folia Psychiatrica et Neurologica Japonica |
Abbreviated Journal |
Folia Psychiatr Neurol Jpn |
Volume |
37 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
37-55 |
Keywords |
Adult; Aged; Agnosia/complications; Attitude to Health; Delusions/complications/etiology/*psychology; Female; Humans; Intestines; Male; Middle Aged; Personality; Psychotherapy; *Sensation; Skin |
Abstract ![sorted by Abstract field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
Five cases with so-called “Dermato- und Enterozoenwahn” are reported, and the following themes are analysed from the “multidimensional” point of view: 1) process to build the shape of the intruder which is bothering the patients, 2) behavior against the intruding small animal and attitude towards the therapeutist; their characteristic manner to make complaints, 3) premorbid personality and 4) physical findings. In regard to one of the formation types of this disease, we have postulated through the neuropsychological analysis of case 5 (somatoparaphrenic patient) that patients of the typical cases 1, 2 and 3 suffer from a special kind of agnosia (perturbation of recognition; disturbance of aperception) in which they take their abnormal body sensations for causing by the small imaginary animals. Our cases showed the importance of a premorbid personality and present life-situations in combination with physical dissolution taking part in the pathoplastic process of this particular disease. |
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German |
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Original Title |
Uber funf Falle von sogenanntem “Dermato- und Enterozoenwahn”--psychopathologische und neuropsychologische Betrachtungen |
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ISSN |
0015-5721 |
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Notes |
PMID:6884912 |
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no |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4187 |
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Author |
Boyd, R.; Silk, J.B. |
Title |
A method for assigning cardinal dominance ranks |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1983 |
Publication |
Animal Behaviour. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Behav. |
Volume |
31 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
45-58 |
Keywords |
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Abstract ![sorted by Abstract field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
Dominance hierarchies are widely described in nature. Commonly, an individual's ordinal rank is used as a measure of its position in the hierarchy, and, therefore its priority of access to resources. This use of ordinal ranks has several related drawbacks: (1) it is difficult to assess the magnitude or the significance of the difference in degree of dominance between two individuals; (2) it is difficult to evaluate the significance of differences between dominance matrices based on different behaviours or on the same behaviour at different times, and (3) it is difficult to use parametric statistical techniques to relate dominance rank to other quantities of interest. In this paper we describe a method for assigning cardinal dominance indices that does not suffer from these drawbacks. This technique is based on the Bradley-Terry model from the method of paired comparisons. We show how this model can be reinterpreted in terms of dominance interactions. and we describe a simple iterative technique for computing cardinal ranks. We then describe how to evaluate (1) whether the rank differences between individuals are significant, and (2) whether differences in the cardinal hierarchies based on different behaviours or the same behaviour at different times are significant. We then show how to generalize the method to deal with behaviours that sometimes have ambiguous outcomes, or behaviours for which the rank difference between a pair of individuals affects the rate of interaction between them. |
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no |
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refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
859 |
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Author |
Heffner, R.S.; Heffner, H.E. |
Title |
Hearing in large mammals: Horses (Equus caballus) and cattle (Bos taurus) |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1983 |
Publication |
Behavioral Neuroscience |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
97 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
299-309 |
Keywords |
auditory range & sensitivity, horses vs cattle |
Abstract ![sorted by Abstract field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
Determined behavioral audiograms for 3 horses and 2 cows. Horses' hearing ranged from 55 Hz to 33.3 kHz, with a region of best sensitivity from 1 to 16 kHz. Cattle hearing ranged from 23 Hz to 35 kHz, with a well-defined point of best sensitivity at 8 kHz. Of the 2 species, cattle proved to have more acute hearing, with a lowest threshold of –21 db (re 20 μN/m–2) compared with the horses' lowest threshold of 7 db. Comparative analysis of the hearing abilities of these 2 species with those of other mammals provides further support for the relation between interaural distance and high-frequency hearing and between high- and low-frequency hearing. (39 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved) |
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American Psychological Association |
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1939-0084(Electronic);0735-7044(Print) |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ 1983-29540-001 |
Serial |
5633 |
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Author |
Kirkpatrick, J. F.; Turner, J. W. |
Title |
Seasonal ovarian function in feral mares: seasonal patterns of LH, progestins and estrogens in feral mares |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1983 |
Publication |
Journal of Equine Veterinary Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Equine Vet. Sci. |
Volume |
3 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
113-118 |
Keywords |
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Abstract ![sorted by Abstract field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
Blood was collected every 3 days for 13 months from 4 captured [female][female] of proven fertility kept adjacent to a teaser stallion. Basal plasma LH level was greater during Apr.-July (8.1+or-0.5 ng/ml) than during Nov.-Jan. (2.2+or-0.2). A total for 21 LH peaks occurred between 13 Apr. and 31 Aug. among the 4 [female][female]; many peaks exceeded 20 times the basal level, and there was a trend to a higher LH level with each succeeding peak. On all occasions except one, LH peaks were associated with progesterone levels of 0.5 ng/ml and with increases of oestrogen (peak average 43.1+or-12.1 pg/ml). Basal progesterone level during Apr.-July (1.5+or-1.2 ng/ml) did not differ significantly from that during Oct.-Jan. (1.1+or-0.7), nor did basal oestrogen level differ significantly between those 2 periods (8.4+or-3.2 and 12.9+or-4.6 pg/ml resp.). Behavioural oestrus always occurred with LH and oestrogen peaks during Apr.-July. However, behavioural oestrus was occasionally observed during Aug.-Oct., when LH peaks no longer occurred. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2325 |
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Author |
Lindsay, F.E.; Burton, F.L. |
Title |
Observational study of “urine testing” in the horse and donkey stallion |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1983 |
Publication |
Equine Veterinary Journal |
Abbreviated Journal |
Equine Vet J |
Volume |
15 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
330-336 |
Keywords |
Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Horses/anatomy & histology/*physiology; Male; Nasal Septum; Nose/anatomy & histology; Olfactory Mucosa/physiology; Perissodactyla/*physiology; Sex Attractants/urine; Smell/physiology |
Abstract ![sorted by Abstract field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
Although “urine testing” is said to enable the male equid to assess the sexual status of the mare, there are no reports in the literature of any detailed study of this behavioural response of the stallion. Behavioural response to conspecific urine was studied in two horse stallions and one donkey stallion. The relevant nasopalatine anatomy is described. Events observed during urine testing included head, neck, lip, jaw, tongue movements, penile changes and nasal secretion. Nasal endoscopy indicated that the source of part of the nasal secretion was the secretory glands of the vomeronasal organ complex. The significance and probable function of these events in urine testing is discussed. |
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ISSN |
0425-1644 |
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Notes |
PMID:6641679 |
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no |
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refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
1955 |
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Author |
KAUFMANN, J. H. |
Title |
ON THE DEFINITIONS AND FUNCTIONS OF DOMINANCE AND TERRITORIALITY |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1983 |
Publication |
Biological Reviews |
Abbreviated Journal |
Biol Rev |
Volume |
58 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
1-20 |
Keywords |
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Abstract ![sorted by Abstract field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
1. Dominance/subordinance is a relationship between two individuals in which one defers to the other in contest situations. Each such relationship represents an adaptive compromise for each individual in which the benefits and costs of giving in or not giving in are compared. Familiar associates in groups or neighbours on nearby territories may develop relatively stable dominant-subordinate relationships based on individual recognition. Although the aggressive aspects of dominance are usually emphasized, the less conspicuous actions of the subordinate individual are actually more important in maintaining a stable relationship. 2. In evolutionary terms, dominance essentially equals priority of access to resources in short supply. Usually the subordinate, who would probably lose in combat anyway, is better off to bide its time until better able to compete at another time or another place. Both individuals save time, energy, and the risk of injury by recognizing and abiding by an established dominant-subordinate relationship. 3. Dominance can be either absolute or predictably reversible in different locations or at different times. Of the various forms of dominance behaviour, rank hierarchies and territoriality represent the two extremes of absolute and relative dominance, respectively. A dominance hierarchy is the sum total of the adaptive compromises made between individuals in an aggregation or organized group. Many animals seem to be capable of both absolute and relative dominance, and within species-specific limits the balance may shift toward one or the other. High density, or a decrease in available resources, favours a shift from relative to absolute dominance. Some species may exhibit both simultaneously. Social mammals may have intra-group hierarchies and reciprocal territoriality between groups, while the males of lek species may exhibit 'polarized territoriality' by defending small individual territories, with the most dominant males holding the central territories where most of the mating takes place. 4. Territoriality is a form of space-related dominance. Most biologists agree that its most important function is to provide the territory holder with an assured supply of critical resources. Territoriality is selected for only when the individual's genetic fitness is increased because its increased access to resources outweighs the time, energy, and injury costs of territorial behaviour. 5. Territoriality was first defined narrowly as an area from which conspecifics are excluded by overt defence or advertisement. The definition has been variously expanded to include all more or less exclusive areas without regard to possible defence, and finally to include all areas in which the owner is dominant. I define territory as a fixed portion of an individual's or group's range in which it has priority of access to one or more critical resources over others who have priority elsewhere or at another time. This priority of access must be achieved through social interaction. 6. My definition excludes dominance over individual space and moving resources, and includes areas of exclusive use maintained by mutual avoidance. It differs from most other definitions in its explicit recognition of time as a territorial parameter and its rejection of exclusivity and overt defence as necessary components of territorial behaviour. There is an indivisible continuum of degrees of trespass onto territories, and functionally it is priority of access to resources that is important rather than exclusive occupancy. 7. There is a similarly indivisible continuum in the intensity of behaviour needed to achieve priority of access to resources. Deciding whether or not an exclusive area is defended leads to the pointless exercise of trying to decide which cues indicating the owner's presence are conspicuous enough to merit being called defence. Concentrating on overt defence emphasizes the aggressive aspects of territorial behaviour rather than the equally or more important submissive aspects such as passive avoidance. |
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Department of Zoology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, U.S.A. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5101 |
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Author |
Hinde, R.A. |
Title |
A conceptural framework |
Type |
Book Chapter |
Year |
1983 |
Publication |
Primate Social Relationships |
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Pages |
1-7 |
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Sinauer, Sunderland |
Place of Publication |
Massechusetts |
Editor |
Hinde, R.A |
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refbase @ user @ |
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818 |
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Author |
Becker C, |
Title |
Grevy's zebra of Smburu Keya: Mother-infant behavior |
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Manuscript |
Year |
1983 |
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Yale Univ |
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Master's thesis |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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no |
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926 |
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Author |
Berger J, |
Title |
Predation, sex ratios, and male competition in equids |
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Journal Article |
Year |
1983 |
Publication |
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J Zool Lond |
Volume |
201 |
Issue |
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Pages |
205-216 |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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no |
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Serial |
939 |
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