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| Author | Goodwin, D.; Davidson, H.P.B.; Harris, P. | ||||
| Title | Selection and acceptance of flavours in concentrate diets for stabled horses | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2005 | Publication | Applied Animal Behaviour Science | Abbreviated Journal | Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. |
| Volume | 95 | Issue | 3-4 | Pages | 223-232 |
| Keywords | Horse; Flavour; Diet; Selection; Acceptance | ||||
Abstract  |
Like most large grazing herbivores, horses select their food based on visual cues, odour, taste, texture, availability and variety. There is relatively little published information about the role of flavour in diet selection by domestic horses in comparison with other domestic and companion animals. However, previous trials investigating effects of diet flavour in stabled horses indicated significant effects on foraging behaviour and selection. In this series of three trials we aimed to determine relative acceptance by presenting flavour preference tests to eight horses. Horses were stabled and fed hay ad lib on trial data collection days plus a standard unflavoured concentrate ration at 7:30 a.m. In Trial 1, 15 flavours were separately presented in standard 100 g cereal by-product meals and the trial was replicated. Quantity consumed, time of completion, partial rejection or refusal were recorded. Order of presentation was determined by a Latin Square design. Trial data were collected on five sampling days, separated by a minimum of 1 day. Horses were presented with six flavoured meals daily; minimum 1 h between the meals. Twelve flavours were universally accepted and of these the eight flavours with fastest mean consumption times (banana, carrot, cherry, cumin, fenugreek, oregano, peppermint and rosemary) were presented in paired preference tests in Trial 2. In Trial 2, all paired combinations of the eight flavours were presented, in two tests per day at noon and 4 p.m. Presentations of the same flavour were separated by at least 1 day. Paired presentations were in 300 g cereal by-product. Presentations were terminated when approximately half of the total amount presented had been consumed. Flavour preferences were expressed as a ratio from 0 (rejection) to 1 (exclusive consumption). Paired flavour preferences produced the following rank order: fenugreek, banana, cherry, rosemary, cumin, carrot, peppermint, oregano. In Trial 3, relative consumption times of mineral pellets flavoured with fenugreek and banana were significantly reduced in comparison with unflavoured pellets. In these short-term trials, flavour had significant effects on diet acceptance, selection and consumption times. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 3643 | ||
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| Author | Turpeinen, O. | ||||
| Title | Effect of cholesterol-lowering diet on mortality from coronary heart disease and other causes | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1979 | Publication | Circulation | Abbreviated Journal | Circulation |
| Volume | 59 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 1-7 |
| Keywords | Coronary Disease/blood/*mortality/prevention & control; Dairy Products; *Dietary Fats; *Fats, Unsaturated; Finland; Humans; Hypercholesterolemia/complications/*diet therapy/mortality; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasms/mortality | ||||
| Abstract |
International statistics indicate that there is a close correlation between the consumption of saturated fats (dairy fats and meat fats) and the mortality from coronary heart disease (CHD), and this conception has been confirmed by many epidemiological studies. Such studies alone, however, cannot prove the existence of a cause-and-effect relationship between these two variables; dietary intervention trials are needed. The Finnish Mental Hospital Study was such a trial, conducted in two hospitals near Helsinki in 1959--1971. Practically total replacement of dairy fats by vegetable oils in the diets of these hospitals was followed by a substantial reduction in the mortality of men from CHD. Total mortality also appeared to be reduced. As to the causes of death other than CHD, none was significantly influenced by dietary change. This was also true for malignant neoplasms. To alleviate the burden of CHD on public health, many investigators have recommended important changes in the quantity and quality of dietary fats. | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | 0009-7322 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:758101 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 33 | ||
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| Author | Brown, R.F.; Houpt, K.A.; Schryver, H.F. | ||||
| Title | Stimulation of food intake in horses by diazepam and promazine | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1976 | Publication | Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior | Abbreviated Journal | Pharmacol Biochem Behav |
| Volume | 5 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 495-497 |
| Keywords | Age Factors; Animals; Diazepam/*pharmacology; Diet; Feeding Behavior/*drug effects; Female; Horses/*physiology; Male; Promazine/*pharmacology; Stimulation, Chemical | ||||
| Abstract |
In two adult horses doses of 0.02-0.03 mg/kg diazepam, intravenously, increased 1 hr intake 54-75% above control levels. Intake was stimulated when the diet was a high grain, calorically dense one and also when the diet was a high fiber, calorically dilute one. Two young rapidly growing weanling horses showed an even more pronounced stimulation of intake. Following diazepam 1 hr intake was increased 105-240% above control lelvels. Promazine at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg also stimulated intake in adult horses, but not as markedly as did diazepam. A transquilizer and a neuroleptic appear to have a stimulatory eff upon short-term intake in horses. | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | 0091-3057 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:1005496 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 60 | ||
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| Author | Katz, M.; Lachlan, R.F. | ||||
| Title | Social learning of food types in zebra finches (Taenopygia guttata) is directed by demonstrator sex and feeding activity | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2003 | Publication | Animal Cognition | Abbreviated Journal | Anim. Cogn. |
| Volume | 6 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 11-16 |
| Keywords | Animals; Color; Diet; *Feeding Behavior; Female; *Learning; Male; Sex Factors; *Social Behavior; *Songbirds | ||||
| Abstract |
In this study we examined how social learning of feeding preferences by zebra finches was affected by the identity of different demonstrators. We presented adult zebra finches with two demonstrators, one male and one female, that exhibited different food choices, and we recorded their subsequent preference when given a choice between the two food types. Previously it was found that young zebra finches' patterns of social learning are affected by the sex of the individual demonstrating a feeding behaviour. This result could be explained by the lack of exposure these animals had to the opposite sex, or by their mating status. Therefore, we investigated the social learning preferences of adult mated zebra finches. We found the same pattern of directed social learning of a different type of feeding behaviour (food colour): female zebra finches preferred the colour of food eaten by male demonstrators, whereas male zebra finches showed little evidence of any preference for the colour of food eaten by female demonstrators. Furthermore, we found that female observers' preferences were biased by demonstrators' relative feeding activity: the female demonstrator was only ever preferred if it ate less than its male counterpart. | ||||
| Address | Institute of Evolutionary and Ecological Science, University of Leiden, Kaiserstraat 63, 2311GP, Leiden, The Netherlands | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 1435-9448 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:12658531 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2585 | ||
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| Author | Laut, J.E.; Houpt, K.A.; Hintz, H.F.; Houpt, T.R. | ||||
| Title | The effects of caloric dilution on meal patterns and food intake of ponies | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1985 | Publication | Physiology & behavior | Abbreviated Journal | Physiol. Behav. |
| Volume | 35 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 549-554 |
| Keywords | Animals; Body Weight; *Diet; Energy Intake; *Feeding Behavior; Homeostasis; Horses/*physiology; Male | ||||
| Abstract |
In order to determine if horses will increase their intake in response to caloric dilution, four pony geldings were fed ad lib a mixed grain diet either undiluted (3.4 Mcal/kg of digestible energy) or diluted (wt/wt) with 25% sawdust (2.6 Mcal/kg) or with 50% sawdust (1.7 Mcal/kg). The mean daily caloric intake was 17,457 kcal (3.4 Mcal diet), 17,546 kcal (2.6 Mcal diet) and 12,844 kcal (1.7 Mcal). The mean time spent eating was 246 (3.4 Mcal), 351 (2.6 Mcal), and 408 (1.7 Mcal) minutes/day. Meal size increased and meal frequency decreased with increasing dilution. The median long survivorships of intermeal intervals were 6.4 min (3.4 Mcal), 3.95 min (2.6 Mcal) and 4.91 min (1.7 Mcal). Ponies responded to caloric dilution by increasing the volume of intake to maintain caloric intake when the diet had 25% diluent. When the diet was diluted by 50%, intake was increased, but not at a rate adequate to maintain caloric intake. However, the ponies were able to maintain body weight. | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | 0031-9384 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:4070429 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 52 | ||
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| Author | Robitaille, J.; Brouillette, C.; Lemieux, S.; Perusse, L.; Gaudet, D.; Vohl, M.C. | ||||
| Title | Plasma concentrations of apolipoprotein B are modulated by a gene-diet interaction effect between the LFABP T94A polymorphism and dietary fat intake in French-Canadian men | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2004 | Publication | Molecular Genetics and Metabolism | Abbreviated Journal | Mol Genet Metabol |
| Volume | 82 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 296-303 |
| Keywords | Apolipoprotein B; Gene-diet interaction; Liver fatty acid-binding protein; Metabolic syndrome | ||||
| Abstract |
Hyperapobetalipoproteinemia is a common feature of the metabolic syndrome and could result from the interaction between genetic and dietary factors. The objective of this study was to verify whether dietary fat intake interacts with the T94A polymorphism of the liver fatty acid-binding protein (LFABP) gene to modulate plasma apolipoprotein (apo) B levels. Dietary fat and saturated fat intakes were obtained by a dietitian-administered food frequency questionnaire and the LFABP T94A genotype was determined by a PCR-RFLP based method in 623 French-Canadian men recruited through the Chicoutimi Lipid Clinic (279 T94/T94, 285 T94/A94, and 59 A94/A94). The LFABP T94A polymorphism was not associated with plasma apo B levels when fat intake was not taken into consideration. However, in a model including the polymorphism, fat intake expressed as a percentage of total energy intake, the interaction term and covariates, the variance in apo B concentrations was partly explained by the LFABP T94A polymorphism (5.24%, p=0.01) and by the LFABP T94A * fat interaction (6.25%, p=0.005). Results were similar when saturated fat replaced fat intake in the model (4.49%, p=0.02 for LFABP T94A and 6.43%, p=0.004 for the interaction). Moreover, in men consuming more than 30% of energy from fat, the odds ratio for having plasma apo B levels above 1.04 g/L for A94 carriers was of 0.40 (p=0.02) compared to T94/T94 homozygotes. Results were similar for carriers of the A94 allele consuming more than 10% of energy from saturated fat (OR: 0.32, p=0.005). In conclusion, T94/T94 exhibit higher apo B levels whereas carriers of the A94 allele seem to be protected against high apo B levels when consuming a high fat and saturated fat diet. These findings reinforce the importance to take into account gene-diet interactions in the prevention and management of the metabolic syndrome. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 799 | ||
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| Author | Douglas Wilson, A. | ||||
| Title | The effects of diet on blood glucose, insulin, gastrin and the serum tryptophan: Large neutral amino acid ratio in foals | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2006 | Publication | The Veterinary Journal | Abbreviated Journal | Vet J |
| Volume | Issue | Pages | |||
| Keywords | Diet; Horse; Insulin; Gastrin; Tryptophan | ||||
| Abstract |
High carbohydrate diets can affect the health and behaviour of foals, but the mechanisms are not always fully understood. The objective of this study was to compare the effects of feeding a starch and sugar (SS), or a fat (oil) and fibre (FF) rich diet to two groups of eight foals. Diets were fed from 4 to 42 weeks of age, alongside ad libitum forage. Faecal pH levels did not differ significantly between groups and endoscopic examination showed that the gastric mucosa was healthy in both groups at 25 and 42 weeks of age. At 40 weeks of age, SS foals had significantly higher total blood glucose and lower total blood gastrin than FF foals during the 6h period following ingestion of their respective diets, but insulin levels did not differ significantly. The ratio between serum tryptophan and other large neutral amino acids showed a trend towards an interaction between diet and sampling time. The results provide preliminary information about the effects of diet on the physiology of young horses. | ||||
| Address | School of Veterinary Science, University of Bristol, Langford House, Bristol BS40 5DU, UK | ||||
| Corporate Author | Amanda J. Badnell-Watersb, Rachel Biceb, Ailison Kellandb, Pat A. Harrisc and Christine J. Nicol | Thesis | |||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 1090-0233 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:16945560 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 63 | ||
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| Author | Ben-Shahar, R | ||||
| Title | Selectivity in large generalist herbivores: feeding patterns of African ungulates in a semi-arid habitat | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1991 | Publication | African Journal of Ecology | Abbreviated Journal | Afr. J. Ecol. |
| Volume | 29 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 302-315 |
| Keywords | diet; forage production; grazing; wildebeest; zebra | ||||
| Abstract |
Feeding habits of free-ranging wildebeest and zebra were monitored in a semi-arid nature reserve, bordering the southwestern part of Kruger National Park, South Africa. The purpose of study was to distinguish and define the feeding niches of two roughage grazers that occur in similar habitat types. The monthly compositions of diets were evaluated by direct observations of feeding bouts over a period of two years when rainfall patterns were average and animal populations were stable. Other analyses evaluated the standing biomass of grass species in the reserve during the wet summer and dry winter seasons. A considerable overlap of grass species composition was found in the diets of wildebeest and zebra. Ordination of bi-monthly records of the diet composition showed greater variations in scores of grasses in zebra diet in comparison to wildebeest. Seasonal patterns were more apparent in the wildebeest diet. Preference ranking of grass species indicated that zebra diet remained constant in winter and summer. Wildebeest diet however, alternated with seasons, showing high preferences during the winter months for grass species which were rejected during summer. The combined assessment of results from three separate statistical methods analysing temporal patterns and preferences in diet composition revealed contradictory trends. The solution, however, relied on the initial assumptions posed. Hence, wildebeest and zebra are essentially generalist feeders which show a limited amount of preference in their choice of diet. |
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2226 | ||
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| Author | Nicol, C.J.; Adachi, M.; Akiyama, T.E.; Gonzalez, F.J. | ||||
| Title | PPARgamma in endothelial cells influences high fat diet-induced hypertension | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2005 | Publication | American journal of hypertension : journal of the American Society of Hypertension | Abbreviated Journal | Am J Hypertens |
| Volume | 18 | Issue | 4 Pt 1 | Pages | 549-556 |
| Keywords | Administration, Oral; Animals; Antihypertensive Agents/pharmacology; Blood Pressure/drug effects; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/physiopathology; Dietary Fats/*administration & dosage/pharmacology; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Endothelial Cells/*metabolism; Female; Heart Rate/drug effects; Hypertension/*etiology; Ligands; Male; Mice; Mice, Knockout; PPAR gamma/*metabolism; Sodium Chloride/administration & dosage/pharmacology; Thiazolidinediones/pharmacology | ||||
| Abstract |
BACKGROUND: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) ligands improve human hypertension. However, the mechanism and site of this effect remains unknown, confounded by PPARgamma expression in many cell types, including endothelial cells (ECs). METHODS: To evaluate the vascular role of PPARgamma we used a conditional null mouse model. Specific disruption of PPARgamma in ECs was created by crossing Tie2-Cre+ transgenic (T2T+) and PPARgamma-floxed (fl/fl) mice to generate PPARgamma (fl/fl)T2T+ (PPARgamma E-null) mice. Conscious 8- to 12-week-old congenic PPARgamma (fl/fl)Cre- (wild type) and PPARgamma E-null mice were examined for changes in systolic blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR), untreated, after 2 months of salt-loading (drinking water), and after treatment for 3 months with high fat (HF) diet alone or supplemented during the last 2 weeks with rosiglitazone (3 mg/kg/d). RESULTS: Untreated PPARgamma E-nulls were phenotypically indistinguishable from wild-type littermates. However, compared to similarly treated wild types, HF-treated PPARgamma E-nulls had significantly elevated systolic BP not seen after normal diet or salt-loading. Despite sex-dependent baseline differences, salt-loaded and HF-treated PPARgamma E-nulls of either sex had significantly elevated HR versus wild types. Interestingly, rosiglitazone improved serum insulin levels, but not HF diet-induced hypertension, in PPARgamma E-null mice. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that PPARgamma in ECs not only is an important regulator of hypertension and HR under stressed conditions mimicking those arising in type 2 diabetics, but also mediates the antihypertensive effects of rosiglitazone. These data add evidence supporting a beneficial role for PPARgamma-specific ligands in the treatment of hypertension, and suggest therapeutic strategies targeting ECs may prove useful. | ||||
| Address | Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | 0895-7061 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:15831367 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 69 | ||
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| Author | Belonje, P.C.; van Niekerk, C.H. | ||||
| Title | A review of the influence of nutrition upon the oestrous cycle and early pregnancy in the mare | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1975 | Publication | Journal of Reproduction and Fertility. Supplement | Abbreviated Journal | J Reprod Fertil Suppl |
| Volume | Issue | 23 | Pages | 167-169 | |
| Keywords | Animals; Body Weight; *Diet; *Estrus; Female; Fertility; Fetal Resorption/prevention & control; Horses/*physiology; Pregnancy | ||||
| Abstract |
Attention is drawn to the beneficial effect of improved nutrition during winter and early spring on the ovarian activity of mares. Furthermore, the necessity of an adequate plane of nutrition during early pregnancy to prevent embryonic resorption is stressed. | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | 0449-3087 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:1060772 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2225 | ||
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