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| Author | Overdorff, D.J.; Erhart, E.M.; Mutschler, T. | ||||
| Title | Does female dominance facilitate feeding priority in black-and-white ruffed lemurs (Varecia variegata) in southeastern Madagascar? | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2005 | Publication | American journal of primatology | Abbreviated Journal | Am. J. Primatol. |
| Volume | 66 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 7-22 |
| Keywords | Agonistic Behavior; Animals; Eating/physiology; Feeding Behavior/*physiology; Female; Leadership; Lemuridae/*physiology; Madagascar; Male; Observation; Sex Factors; *Social Dominance | ||||
Abstract  |
Although many Malagasy lemurs are thought to be female dominant and to have female feeding priority, to date the relationship between these behaviors has been rigorously established only in Lemur catta, and other ways that females might achieve feeding priority have not been examined closely. Erhart and Overdorff [International Journal of Primatology 20:927-940, 1999] suggested that one way female primates achieve feeding priority is to initiate and lead groups to food, thereby gaining access to the food first and positively influencing their food intake compared to other group members. Here we describe female dominance patterns and potential measures of feeding priority in two groups of black-and-white ruffed lemurs (Varecia variegata) that were observed over a 15-month period in southeastern Madagascar. We predicted that the females would 1) be consistently dominant to males, 2) lead groups to food sources more often than males, and 3) have higher feeding rates compared to males when they arrived at food sources first. The results were dissimilar between the study groups. During the study, the oldest adult female in group 1 died. There was no evidence for female dominance in this group, and the remaining (likely natal) female did not lead the group more often, nor did she have a higher food intake than males. Group 1 dispersed shortly after the time frame reported here. In contrast, the resident female in group 2 was dominant to group males (based on agonistic interactions), led the group to food sources more often, and experienced a higher food intake when she arrived first at a food source. How these patterns vary over time and are influenced by the number of females in groups, group stability, food quality, and reproductive condition will be examined in future analyses. | ||||
| Address | Department of Anthropology, University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712-1086, USA. overdorff@mail.utexas.edu | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | 0275-2565 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:15898069 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4110 | ||
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| Author | Rands, S.A.; Cowlishaw, G.; Pettifor, R.A.; Rowcliffe, J.M.; Johnstone, R.A. | ||||
| Title | The emergence of leaders and followers in foraging pairs when the qualities of individuals differ | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2008 | Publication | BMC Evolutionary Biology | Abbreviated Journal | BMC Evol Biol |
| Volume | 8 | Issue | Pages | 51 | |
| Keywords | Animals; *Feeding Behavior; *Food Chain; *Models, Biological; *Social Dominance | ||||
| Abstract |
BACKGROUND: Foraging in groups offers animals a number of advantages, such as increasing their likelihood of finding food or detecting and avoiding predators. In order for a group to remain together, there has to be some degree of coordination of behaviour and movement between its members (which may in some cases be initiated by a decision-making leader, and in other cases may emerge as an underlying property of the group). For example, behavioural synchronisation is a phenomenon where animals within a group initiate and then continue to conduct identical behaviours, and has been characterised for a wide range of species. We examine how a pair of animals should behave using a state-dependent approach, and ask what conditions are likely to lead to behavioural synchronisation occurring, and whether one of the individuals is more likely to act as a leader. RESULTS: The model we describe considers how the energetic gain, metabolic requirements and predation risks faced by the individuals affect measures of their energetic state and behaviour (such as the degree of behavioural synchronisation seen within the pair, and the value to an individual of knowing the energetic state of its colleague). We explore how predictable changes in these measures are in response to changes in physiological requirements and predation risk. We also consider how these measures should change when the members of the pair are not identical in their metabolic requirements or their susceptibility to predation. We find that many of the changes seen in these measures are complex, especially when asymmetries exist between the members of the pair. CONCLUSION: Analyses are presented that demonstrate that, although these general patterns are robust, care needs to be taken when considering the effects of individual differences, as the relationship between individual differences and the resulting qualitative changes in behaviour may be complex. We discuss how these results are related to experimental observations, and how the model and its predictions could be extended. | ||||
| Address | Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK. sean.rands@bristol.ac.uk | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 1471-2148 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:18282297 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5126 | ||
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| Author | Cheney, D.; Seyfarth, R.; Smuts, B. | ||||
| Title | Social relationships and social cognition in nonhuman primates | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1986 | Publication | Science (New York, N.Y.) | Abbreviated Journal | Science |
| Volume | 234 | Issue | 4782 | Pages | 1361-1366 |
| Keywords | Animals; *Cognition; Female; Male; Pair Bond; Primates/*physiology; *Social Behavior; Social Dominance; Social Perception | ||||
| Abstract |
Complex social relationships among nonhuman primates appear to contribute to individual reproductive success. Experiments with and behavioral observations of natural populations suggest that sophisticated cognitive mechanisms may underlie primate social relationships. Similar capacities are usually less apparent in the nonsocial realm, supporting the view that at least some aspects of primate intelligence evolved to solve the challenges of interacting with conspecifics. | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | 0036-8075 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:3538419 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 349 | ||
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| Author | Mitman, G. | ||||
| Title | Dominance, leadership, and aggression: animal behavior studies during the Second World War | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1990 | Publication | Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences | Abbreviated Journal | J Hist Behav Sci |
| Volume | 26 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 3-16 |
| Keywords | *Aggression; Animals; Behavior, Animal; *Dominance-Subordination; History, 20th Century; *Leadership; Political Systems; *Social Dominance; United States | ||||
| Abstract |
During the decade surrounding the Second World War, an extensive literature on the biological and psychological basis of aggression surfaced in America, a literature that in general emphasized the significance of learning and environment in the origins of aggressive behavior. Focusing on the animal behavior research of Warder Clyde Allee and John Paul Scott, this paper examines the complex interplay among conceptual, institutional, and societal forces that created and shaped a discourse on the subjects of aggression, dominance, and leadership within the context of World War II. The distinctions made between sexual and social dominance during this period, distinctions accentuated by the threat of totalitarianism abroad, and the varying ways that interpretations of behavior could be negotiated attests to the multiplicity of interactions that influence the development of scientific research. | ||||
| Address | University of Wisconsin | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0022-5061 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:2405050 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Serial | 2044 | |||
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| Author | Hodgson, D.; Howe, S.; Jeffcott, L.; Reid, S.; Mellor, D.; Higgins, A. | ||||
| Title | Effect of prolonged use of altrenogest on behaviour in mares | Type | |||
| Year | 2005 | Publication | Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997) | Abbreviated Journal | Vet J |
| Volume | 169 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 113-115 |
| Keywords | Administration, Oral; Anabolic Agents/adverse effects/*pharmacology; Animals; Behavior, Animal/*drug effects; Body Constitution/drug effects; Body Weight/drug effects; *Doping in Sports; Female; Horses/*physiology; Social Behavior; Social Dominance; Time Factors; Trenbolone/adverse effects/*analogs & derivatives/*pharmacology | ||||
| Abstract |
Erratum in: Vet J. 2005 May;169(3):321. Corrected and republished in: Vet J. 2005 May;169(3):322-5. Oral administration of altrenogest for oestrus suppression in competition horses is believed to be widespread in some equestrian disciplines, and can be administered continuously for several months during a competition season. To examine whether altrenogest has any anabolic or other potential performance enhancing properties that may give a horse an unfair advantage, we examined the effect of oral altrenogest (0.044 mg/kg), given daily for a period of eight weeks, on social hierarchy, activity budget, body-mass and body condition score of 12 sedentary mares. We concluded that prolonged oral administration of altrenogest at recommended dose rates to sedentary mares resulted in no effect on dominance hierarchies, body mass or condition score. |
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| Address | Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Private Mailbag 4, Narellan Delivery Centre, Narellan, NSW 2567, Australia. davidh@camden.usyd.edu.au | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 1090-0233 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:15683772 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 671 | ||
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| Author | Heitor, F.; do Mar Oom, M.; Vicente, L. | ||||
| Title | Social relationships in a herd of Sorraia horses Part I. Correlates of social dominance and contexts of aggression | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2006 | Publication | Behavioural Processes | Abbreviated Journal | Behav. Process. |
| Volume | 73 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 170-177 |
| Keywords | Age Factors; *Aggression; Animals; Female; *Hierarchy, Social; Horses/*psychology; Male; Sex Factors; *Social Dominance; *Social Environment; Statistics, Nonparametric | ||||
| Abstract |
Factors related to dominance rank and the functions of aggression were studied in a herd of Sorraia horses, Equus caballus, under extensive management. Subjects were 10 adult mares 5-18 years old and a stallion introduced into the group for breeding. Dominance relationships among mares were clear, irrespective of rank difference, and remained stable after introduction of the stallion. The dominance hierarchy was significantly linear and rank was positively correlated with age and total aggressiveness. Higher-ranking mares received lower frequency and intensity of agonistic interactions. Nevertheless, higher-ranking dominants were not more likely to elicit submission from their subordinates than lower-ranking dominants. Neither close-ranking mares nor mares with less clear dominance relationships were more aggressive towards each other. Agonistic interactions seemed to be used more importantly in regulation of space than to obtain access to food or to reassert dominance relationships. Contexts of aggression were related to mare rank. The results suggest that dominance relationships based on age as a conventional criterion were established to reduce aggressiveness in a herd where the costs of aggression are likely to outweigh the benefits. | ||||
| Address | Centro de Biologia Ambiental, Faculdade de Ciencias da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Edificio C2, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0376-6357 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:16815645 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 292 | ||
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| Author | Edwards, D.H.; Spitzer, N. | ||||
| Title | 6. Social dominance and serotonin receptor genes in crayfish | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2006 | Publication | Current Topics in Developmental Biology | Abbreviated Journal | Curr Top Dev Biol |
| Volume | 74 | Issue | Pages | 177-199 | |
| Keywords | Animals; Astacoidea/*genetics/physiology; Humans; Receptors, Serotonin/*genetics; Serotonin/physiology; *Social Dominance | ||||
| Abstract |
Gene expression affects social behavior only through changes in the excitabilities of neural circuits that govern the release of the relevant motor programs. In turn, social behavior affects gene expression only through patterns of sensory stimulation that produce significant activation of relevant portions of the nervous system. In crayfish, social interactions between pairs of animals lead to changes in behavior that mark the formation of a dominance hierarchy. Those changes in behavior result from changes in the excitability of specific neural circuits. In the new subordinate, circuits for offensive behavior become less excitable and those for defensive behavior become more excitable. Serotonin, which is implicated in mechanisms for social dominance in many animals, modulates circuits for escape and avoidance responses in crayfish. The modulatory effects of serotonin on the escape circuits have been found to change with social dominance, becoming excitatory in dominant crayfish and inhibitory in subordinates. These changes in serotonin's effects on escape affect the synaptic response to sensory input of a single cell, the lateral giant (LG) command neuron for escape. Moreover, these changes occur over a 2-week period and for the subordinate are reversible at any time following a reversal of the animal's status. The results have suggested that a persistent change in social status leads to a gradual change in the expression of serotonin receptors to a pattern that is more appropriate for the new status. To test that hypothesis, the expression patterns of crayfish serotonin receptors must be compared in dominant and subordinate animals. Two of potentially five serotonin receptors in crayfish have been cloned, sequenced, and pharmacologically characterized. Measurements of receptor expression in the whole CNS of dominant and subordinate crayfish have produced inconclusive results, probably because each receptor is widespread in the nervous system and is likely to experience opposite expression changes in different areas of the CNS. Both receptors have recently been found in identified neurons that mediate escape responses, and so the next step will be to measure their expression in these identified cells in dominant and subordinate animals. | ||||
| Address | Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302, USA | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0070-2153 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:16860668 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4364 | ||
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| Author | Seyfarth, R.M. | ||||
| Title | A model of social grooming among adult female monkeys | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1977 | Publication | Journal of Theoretical Biology | Abbreviated Journal | J. Theor. Biol. |
| Volume | 65 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 671-698 |
| Keywords | Animals; Behavior, Animal; Female; *Grooming; Haplorhini/*physiology; *Models, Biological; Reproduction; Social Dominance; Time Factors | ||||
| Abstract |
Grooming networks among adult female monkeys exhibit two similar features across a number of different species. High-ranking animals receive more grooming than others, and the majority of grooming occurs between females of adjacent rank. A theoretical model which duplicates these features is presented, and the properties of the model are used to explain the possible causation and function of female grooming behaviour. The model illustrates how relatively simple principles governing the behaviour of individuals may be used to explain more complex aspects of the social structure of non-human primate groups. | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0022-5193 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:406485 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5259 | ||
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| Author | King, A.J.; Douglas, C.M.S.; Huchard, E.; Isaac, N.J.B.; Cowlishaw, G. | ||||
| Title | Dominance and affiliation mediate despotism in a social primate | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2008 | Publication | Current Biology : CB | Abbreviated Journal | Curr Biol |
| Volume | 18 | Issue | 23 | Pages | 1833-1838 |
| Keywords | Animals; *Authoritarianism; Behavior, Animal/*physiology; Cooperative Behavior; *Decision Making; Feeding Behavior; Female; *Group Processes; Male; Papio ursinus/*psychology; *Social Dominance | ||||
| Abstract |
Group-living animals routinely have to reach a consensus decision and choose between mutually exclusive actions in order to coordinate their activities and benefit from sociality. Theoretical models predict “democratic” rather than “despotic” decisions to be widespread in social vertebrates, because they result in lower “consensus costs”-the costs of an individual foregoing its optimal action to comply with the decision-for the group as a whole. Yet, quantification of consensus costs is entirely lacking, and empirical observations provide strong support for the occurrence of both democratic and despotic decisions in nature. We conducted a foraging experiment on a wild social primate (chacma baboons, Papio ursinus) in order to gain new insights into despotic group decision making. The results show that group foraging decisions were consistently led by the individual who acquired the greatest benefits from those decisions, namely the dominant male. Subordinate group members followed the leader despite considerable consensus costs. Follower behavior was mediated by social ties to the leader, and where these ties were weaker, group fission was more likely to occur. Our findings highlight the importance of leader incentives and social relationships in group decision-making processes and the emergence of despotism. | ||||
| Address | Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regent's Park, London, NW1 4RY, UK. andrew.king@ioz.ac.uk | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0960-9822 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:19026539 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5124 | ||
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| Author | Bergman, T.J.; Beehner, J.C.; Cheney, D.L.; Seyfarth, R.M. | ||||
| Title | Hierarchical classification by rank and kinship in baboons | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2003 | Publication | Science (New York, N.Y.) | Abbreviated Journal | Science |
| Volume | 302 | Issue | 5648 | Pages | 1234-1236 |
| Keywords | Animals; Animals, Wild; Botswana; *Cognition; Family; Female; *Hierarchy, Social; Language; *Papio/psychology; Social Dominance; Vocalization, Animal | ||||
| Abstract |
Humans routinely classify others according to both their individual attributes, such as social status or wealth, and membership in higher order groups, such as families or castes. They also recognize that people's individual attributes may be influenced and regulated by their group affiliations. It is not known whether such rule-governed, hierarchical classifications are specific to humans or might also occur in nonlinguistic species. Here we show that baboons recognize that a dominance hierarchy can be subdivided into family groups. In playback experiments, baboons respond more strongly to call sequences mimicking dominance rank reversals between families than within families, indicating that they classify others simultaneously according to both individual rank and kinship. The selective pressures imposed by complex societies may therefore have favored cognitive skills that constitute an evolutionary precursor to some components of human cognition. | ||||
| Address | Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. thore@sas.upenn.edu | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 1095-9203 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:14615544 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 689 | ||
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