| Records |
| Author |
Chenoweth, P.J.; Chase, C.C.; Larsen, R.E.; Thatcher, M.-J.D.; Bivens, J.F.; Wilcox, C.J. |
| Title |
The assessment of sexual performance in young Bos taurus and Bos indicus beef bulls |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1996 |
Publication |
Applied Animal Behaviour Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. |
| Volume |
48 |
Issue |
3-4 |
Pages |
225-235 |
| Keywords |
Bos indicus; Sex behavior; Cattle reproduction; Mating behavior; Tests |
Abstract  |
Yearling beef bulls, representing different Bos indicus and Bos taurus breeds, were given two sexual performance assessments (libido score, number of services, time to first mount and time of sexual inactivity) at four test periods (January, April, July and October) in 1991 (Trial 1) and 1992 (Trial 2) at the Subtropical Agricultural Research Station, Brooksville, Florida. Breed and test period, as well as their interactions, influenced most results. Sexual performance assessments generally improved with age in Bos taurus breeds, but not in Bos indicus. The temperate Bos taurus breeds (Angus and Hereford) were most sexually active, the tropically adapted Bos taurus breeds (Senepol and Romosinuano) intermediate and the two Bos indicus breeds (Brahman and Nellore x Brahman) were least active. Service rates were generally low. Seasonal patterns in sexual performance were not apparent, with breed and year differences occurring. Although breeds showed consistent test results, the failure of Bos indicus bulls to service in any test, indicates either sexual immaturity, or inadequate procedures for assessment of sexual performance in this breed group. |
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refbase @ user @ |
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2865 |
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| Author |
Rybarczyk, P.; Rushen, J.; de Passille, A.M. |
| Title |
Recognition of people by dairy calves using colour of clothing |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2003 |
Publication |
Applied Animal Behaviour Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. |
| Volume |
81 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
307-319 |
| Keywords |
Cattle handling; Discrimination; Human-animal relationships; Colour cues; Y-maze |
| Abstract |
We examined whether very young dairy calves are able to discriminate between two people, and whether they use the colour of clothing or other indices to do so. During the familiarisation phase, one person (the familiar rewarder), who always wore the same colour clothes, gave milk, spoke gently and patted the calves in their individual pen for 6 days each week. During the test phase, the calf had to make a choice in an Y-maze placed in front of the gate of its stall. When the calves chose the familiar rewarder, they received 200 ml of milk as reinforcement. When they made the incorrect choice, they received nothing and were returned to their stall. On each test day, the calves made eight choices. The criterion of success was that the calf made at least six correct choices in eight trials on each of two consecutive test days (P<0.021 by the binomial law). The first experiment was carried out with fourteen 1-week-old male and female Holstein calves to see if calves could approach a person, who changed position in the maze, in order to obtain a feed reward. The familiar rewarder wore the same clothes as during the period of familiarisation and was in one arm of the Y-maze. The other arm was empty and the position of the familiar rewarder in the maze was randomised. Eleven of the 14 calves reached the criterion for success, after only three tests. The second experiment, carried out with five 2-week-old calves, examined whether the calves can differentiate the familiar rewarder (wearing the same clothing as during the period of familiarisation) from another person (the non-rewarder) wearing clothes of a different colour. The criterion of success was reached by all five calves. The third experiment was carried out with seven 2-week-old calves. It examined whether the calves can differentiate the familiar rewarder and the non-rewarder, when the two people are wearing clothes of the same colour (i.e. the same colour worn by the familiar rewarder during the phase of familiarisation). None of the calves were able to reach the criterion of success within a limited number of four test days. Often, calves would always choose the same arm of the maze. The fourth experiment was carried out on six 1-month-old calves. It was similar to experiment 3 with the difference that the familiar rewarder and the non-rewarder both wore the same colour clothes, but which were not the same colour as worn during the phase of familiarisation. Only one calf achieved the criterion of success within two test days. Results demonstrated that colour cues help very young calves to discriminate between two people, when these people wear different colour clothing. Some calves may be able to use other indicators than the colour of clothing. The Y-maze method is an promising way of examining calves' abilities to recognise people. |
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refbase @ user @ |
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848 |
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Waiblinger, S.; Menke, C.; Korff, J.; Bucher, A. |
| Title |
Previous handling and gentle interactions affect behaviour and heart rate of dairy cows during a veterinary procedure |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Applied Animal Behaviour Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. |
| Volume |
85 |
Issue |
1-2 |
Pages |
31-42 |
| Keywords |
Human-animal relationship; Cattle; Handling; Stress; Heart rate; Welfare |
| Abstract |
Veterinary and management procedures often are aversive to the animals, resulting in physiological and behavioural stress reactions, which increase the risk of accidents and might lower performance. We investigated the effects of previous positive handling and of gentle interactions during the procedure on behaviour and heart rate in dairy cows during rectal palpation with sham insemination. Twenty cows were allocated randomly into two groups of 10 animals: handling, received additional positive handling over a period of four weeks by one person (handler); control, only routine handling by different caretakers. The week after the handling period, tests lasting 9 min, including 4 min rectal palpation, were carried out with each animal on four successive days in four situations in a balanced order: cow is alone during the test, with the handler, with an usual caretaker, or with an unknown person. Behaviour and heart rate were recorded. Previously handled animals had lower heart rate during tests (P<=0.05, n=19), kicked less when alone (P<=0.05, n=19) and tended to show less restless behaviour (P<=0.1, n=19). Cows were further calmed by gentle interactions during the test, but people differed remarkably. Cows showed less restless behaviour when gentled by the handler, both in the 4 min of rectal palpation and in the 9 min test period (each: P<=0.001, n=19). No significant stress reducing effect was found for the other two persons. In conclusion, stress reactions of cows during rectal palpation/insemination can be reduced by previous positive handling as well as by a person providing positive, gentle interactions during the procedure. The results underline the importance of positive, gentle interactions with the animals to enhance animal welfare and reduce the risk of accidents. They also show that people differ in the success to calm down the animals in aversive situations and indicate the need to investigate the characteristics responsible for the differences and identify the preconditions for a stress reducing effect in future research. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4397 |
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Fulhorst, C.F.; Hardy, J.L.; Eldridge, B.F.; Chiles, R.E.; Reeves, W.C. |
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Ecology of Jamestown Canyon virus (Bunyaviridae: California serogroup) in coastal California |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
1996 |
Publication |
The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene |
Abbreviated Journal |
Am J Trop Med Hyg |
| Volume |
55 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
185-189 |
| Keywords |
Aedes/virology; Animals; Antibodies, Viral/blood; California/epidemiology; Cattle; Cattle Diseases/epidemiology; Deer; Dog Diseases/epidemiology; Dogs; Encephalitis Virus, California/immunology/*isolation & purification; Encephalitis, California/epidemiology/*veterinary; Female; Horse Diseases/epidemiology; Horses; Insect Vectors/virology; Lagomorpha; Male; Neutralization Tests/veterinary; Peromyscus; Rodent Diseases/epidemiology; Sigmodontinae |
| Abstract |
This paper reports the first isolation of Jamestown Canyon (JC) virus from coastal California and the results of tests for antibody to JC virus in mammals living in coastal California. The virus isolation was made from a pool of 50 Aedes dorsalis females collected as adults from Morro Bay, San Luis Obispo County, California. The virus isolate was identified by two-way plaque reduction-serum dilution neutralization tests done in Vero cell cultures. Sera from the mammals were tested for antibody to JC virus by a plaque-reduction serum dilution neutralization method. A high prevalence of JC virus-specific antibody was found in horses and cattle sampled from Morro Bay. This finding is additional evidence for the presence of a virus antigenically identical or closely related to JC virus in Morro Bay and indicates that the vectors of the virus in Morro Bay feed on large mammals. A high prevalence of virus-specific antibody was also found in horses sampled from Marin and San Diego counties. This finding suggests that viruses antigenically identical or closely related to JC virus are geographically widespread in coastal California. |
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School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, USA |
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English |
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0002-9637 |
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PMID:8780458 |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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2656 |
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Sabattini, M.S.; Monath, T.P.; Mitchell, C.J.; Daffner, J.F.; Bowen, G.S.; Pauli, R.; Contigiani, M.S. |
| Title |
Arbovirus investigations in Argentina, 1977-1980. I. Historical aspects and description of study sites |
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Journal Article |
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1985 |
Publication |
The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene |
Abbreviated Journal |
Am J Trop Med Hyg |
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34 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
937-944 |
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Animals; Arbovirus Infections/*epidemiology/microbiology; Arboviruses; Argentina; Birds; Cattle; Child; Climate; Ecology; Encephalitis Virus, St. Louis; Encephalitis Virus, Venezuelan Equine; Encephalitis Virus, Western Equine; Encephalitis, St. Louis/epidemiology/microbiology; Encephalomyelitis, Equine/epidemiology/microbiology/veterinary; Encephalomyelitis, Venezuelan Equine/epidemiology/microbiology/veterinary; Geography; Horse Diseases/epidemiology/microbiology; Horses/microbiology; Humans |
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This is the introductory paper to a series on the ecology of arboviruses in Argentina. Epizootics of equine encephalitis have occurred since at least 1908, principally in the Pampa and Espinal biogeographic zones, with significant economic losses; human cases of encephalitis have been rare or absent. Both western equine and eastern equine encephalitis viruses have been isolated from horses during these epizootics, but the mosquitoes responsible for transmission have not been identified. A number of isolations of Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) virus were reported between 1936 and 1958 in Argentina, but the validity of these findings has been seriously questioned. Nevertheless, serological evidence exists for human infections with a member of the VEE virus complex. Serological surveys conducted in the 1960s indicate a high prevalence of infection of humans and domestic animals with St. Louis encephalitis (SLE), and 2 SLE virus strains have been isolated from rodents. Human disease, however, has rarely been associated with SLE infection. Only 7 isolations of other arboviruses have been described (3 of Maguari, 1 of Aura, 2 of Una, and 1 of an untyped Bunyamwera group virus). In 1977, we began longitudinal field studies in Santa Fe Province, the epicenter of previous equine epizootics, and in 1980 we extended these studies to Chaco and Corrientes provinces. The study sites are described in this paper. |
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0002-9637 |
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PMID:4037184 |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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2685 |
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Dumont, B.; Boissy, A.; Achard, C.; Sibbald, A.M.; Erhard, H.W. |
| Title |
Consistency of animal order in spontaneous group movements allows the measurement of leadership in a group of grazing heifers |
Type |
Journal Article |
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2005 |
Publication |
Applied Animal Behaviour Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. |
| Volume |
95 |
Issue |
1-2 |
Pages |
55-66 |
| Keywords |
Cattle; Grazing; Leadership; Movement order; Walking |
| Abstract |
The term `leadership' has been used in several different senses, resulting in very different ways of identifying leaders and apparently inconsistent conclusions on how leadership is determined in herbivores. We therefore propose the following definitions: (i) a leader is the individual that is consistently the one who initiates long-distance, spontaneous group movements toward a new feeding site and (ii) long-distance spontaneous group movements are movements which happen when an animal changes activity and location and is immediately followed by a similar change in activity and location by other members of the group. Using these definitions, we tested for consistency of movement order across time and situation within a group of fifteen 2-year-old heifers. We found that the same individual was recorded as the very first animal in 48% of movements toward a new feeding site and could therefore be identified as the `leader'. We also showed that movement order when the animals entered an experimental plot, or progressed slowly through the field during a grazing bout, did not produce the same result. This method, which enables us to identify leaders in groups of animals at pasture, should improve our knowledge of how leadership is determined in grazing herbivores. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ room B 3.029 |
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2027 |
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Dumont, B.; Rossignol, N.; Loucougaray, G.; Carrère, P.; Chadoeuf, J.; Fleurance, G.; Bonis, A.; Farruggia, A.; Gaucherand, S.; Ginane, C.; Louault, F.; Marion, B.; Mesléard, F.; Yavercovski, N. |
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When does grazing generate stable vegetation patterns in temperate pastures? |
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Journal Article |
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2012 |
Publication |
Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment |
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153 |
Issue |
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Pages |
50-56 |
| Keywords |
Boolean process; Cattle; Patch stability; Productivity; Stocking density; Temperate pasture |
| Abstract |
The stability of grazing-induced spatial patterns of vegetation was analyzed at two spatial scales (25 m × 20 m areas and 1.6 m × 0.8 m grids) in pastures of contrasting productivity (maximum standing biomass: 130–800 gDM/m2). At both scales, the mosaic of grazed and ungrazed patches was modeled as a Boolean process, calculating cross-variograms to quantify the temporal stability of grazing patterns and its links with local floristic composition were tested. The scale at which stability of vegetation patterns took place in two successive years depended on pasture productivity. Inter-annual stability of large-scale patterns mainly occurred in extensively used fertile pastures grazed by cattle, and in pastures grazed by horses. Less-fertile grasslands were mainly characterized by a fine-scale stability of grazing patterns. Stable fine-scale patterns were often related to the local abundance of legumes and forbs. Stable large-scale patterns of grazing within lightly grazed productive grasslands could result in divergent local vegetation dynamics, which can be seen as an opportunity for restoring biodiversity in fertile grasslands. |
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0167-8809 |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5595 |
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Sárová, R.; Spinka, M.; Panamá, J.L.A.; Simecek, P. |
| Title |
Graded leadership by dominant animals in a herd of female beef cattle on pasture |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2010 |
Publication |
Animal Behaviour. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Behav. |
| Volume |
79 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
1037-1045 |
| Keywords |
Bos taurus; cattle; dominance; foraging; Gps; group movement; leadership |
| Abstract |
The role of dominant individuals in leading groups of animals is not yet well understood. We investigated whether dominant beef cows, Bos taurus, have more influence on herd movement on pasture than more subordinate cows. A herd of 15 Gasconne cows was observed for a 3-week period between dawn and dusk. The positions of all adult cows were recorded with GPS collars at 1 min intervals and the behaviour of each cow was recorded in 5 min scans. The dominance hierarchy was recorded by ad libitum sampling. Through cluster analysis of the recorded data, we distinguished three herd behaviour patterns: resting, foraging and travelling. Dominant cows were closer to the front of the herd during both travelling and foraging. During travelling, more dominant cows also had more direct trajectories and were more aligned both with their nearest neighbours and with the whole herd. During foraging, the trajectories of dominant cows were shorter than those of subordinate cows. The results indicate that foraging and short-distance travelling movements by female beef cattle are not led by any particular individual but rather are influenced by a graded type of leadership; that is, the more dominant a cow is, the stronger the influence it may have on the movements of the herd. |
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0003-3472 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5271 |
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Krcmar, S.; Mikuska, A.; Merdic, E. |
| Title |
Response of Tabanidae (Diptera) to different natural attractants |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Journal of Vector Ecology : Journal of the Society for Vector Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Vector Ecol |
| Volume |
31 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
262-265 |
| Keywords |
Animals; Appetitive Behavior/*physiology; Cattle/urine; Diptera/*physiology; Female; Horses/urine; Insect Control/methods; Sheep/urine; Swine/urine; Urine/*physiology |
| Abstract |
The response of female tabanids to natural attractants was studied in the Monjoros Forest along the Nature Park Kopacki rit in eastern Croatia. Tabanids were caught in canopy traps baited with either aged cow, horse, sheep, or pig urine and also in unbaited traps. Tabanids were collected in a significantly higher numbers in traps baited with natural attractants compared to unbaited traps. The number of females of Tabanus bromius, Tabanus maculicornis, Tabanus tergestinus, and Hybomitra bimaculata collected from canopy traps baited with cow urine and traps baited with other natural attractants differed significantly. Females of Haematopota pluvialis were also collected more frequently in canopy traps baited with aged cow urine than in those with aged horse urine, but this difference was not significant. However, the number of females of Haematopota pluvialis collected from canopy traps baited with other natural attractants (sheep and pig urine) differed significantly when compared with aged cow urine baited traps. Canopy traps baited with aged cow urine collected significantly more Tabanus sudeticus than did traps baited with aged pig urine. Finally, the aged cow urine baited canopy traps collected 51 times more tabanids than unbaited traps, while aged horse, aged sheep, and aged pig urine baited traps collected 36, 30, and 22 times as many tabanids, respectively, than unbaited traps. |
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Department of Biology, JJ Strossmayer University, Lj. Gaja 6, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia |
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English |
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1081-1710 |
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PMID:17249343 |
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no |
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1836 |
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Permyakov, S.E.; Khokhlova, T.I.; Nazipova, A.A.; Zhadan, A.P.; Morozova-Roche, L.A.; Permyakov, E.A. |
| Title |
Calcium-binding and temperature induced transitions in equine lysozyme: new insights from the pCa-temperature “phase diagrams” |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Proteins |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proteins |
| Volume |
65 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
984-998 |
| Keywords |
Animals; Apoproteins/chemistry/metabolism; Binding Sites; Calcium/chemistry/*metabolism; Cattle; Edetic Acid/metabolism; Horses/metabolism; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Lactalbumin/chemistry/metabolism; Muramidase/*chemistry/*metabolism; Protein Denaturation; Spectrometry, Fluorescence; *Temperature; Thermodynamics; Tryptophan/chemistry/metabolism |
| Abstract |
The most universal approach to the studies of metal binding properties of single-site metal binding proteins, i.e., construction of a “phase diagram” in coordinates of free metal ion concentration-temperature, has been applied to equine lysozyme (EQL). EQL has one relatively strong calcium binding site and shows two thermal transitions, but only one of them is Ca(2+)-dependent. It has been found that the Ca(2+)-dependent behavior of the low temperature thermal transition (I) of EQL can be adequately described based upon the simplest four-states scheme of metal- and temperature-induced structural changes in a protein. All thermodynamic parameters of this scheme were determined experimentally and used for construction of the EQL phase diagram in the pCa-temperature space. Comparison of the phase diagram with that for alpha-lactalbumin (alpha-LA), a close homologue of lysozyme, allows visualization of the differences in thermodynamic behavior of the two proteins. The thermal stability of apo-EQL (transition I) closely resembles that for apo-alpha-LA (mid-temperature 25 degrees C), while the thermal stabilities of their Ca(2+)-bound forms are almost indistinguishable. The native state of EQL has three orders of magnitude lower affinity for Ca(2+) in comparison with alpha-LA while its thermally unfolded state (after the I transition) has about one order lower (K = 15M(-1)) affinity for calcium. Circular dichroism studies of the apo-lysozyme state after the first thermal transition show that it shares common features with the molten globule state of alpha-LA. |
| Address |
Institute for Biological Instrumentation of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow region 142290, Russia |
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English |
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1097-0134 |
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| Notes |
PMID:17022083 |
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no |
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1858 |
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