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Author Couzin, I.D.; Krause, J.; Franks, N.R.; Levin, S.A.
Title Effective leadership and decision-making in animal groups on the move Type Journal Article
Year 2005 Publication Abbreviated Journal Nature
Volume 433 Issue 7025 Pages 513-516
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ISSN 0028-0836 ISBN Medium
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Notes 10.1038/nature03236 Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4827
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Author Croft, D. P.; James, R..; Krause, J. (eds)
Title Exploring Animal Social Networks Type Book Whole
Year 2008 Publication Abbreviated Journal
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Publisher Princton University Press Place of Publication Princton Editor Croft, D. P.; James, R..; Krause, J.
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ISSN ISBN 9780691127521 Medium
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Notes Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5139
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Author Couzin, I.D.; Krause, J.
Title Self-Organization and Collective Behavior in Vertebrates Type Book Chapter
Year 2003 Publication Advances in the Study of Behavior Abbreviated Journal
Volume 32 Issue Pages 1-75
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Publisher Academic Press Place of Publication Editor Peter J. B. Slater, J.S.R., Charles T. Snowdon and Timothy J. Roper
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ISSN ISBN 0065-3454 Medium
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Notes Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5144
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Author Krause, J.; James, R.; Franks, D.W.; Croft, D. P.
Title Animal Social Networks. Type Book Whole
Year 2015 Publication Abbreviated Journal
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Publisher Oxford University Press Place of Publication Oxford Editor
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Notes Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5883
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Author Krause, J.; Croft, D.; James, R.
Title Social network theory in the behavioural sciences: potential applications Type Journal Article
Year 2007 Publication Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology Abbreviated Journal Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol.
Volume 62 Issue 1 Pages 15-27
Keywords Social networks – Social organisation – Mate choice – Disease transmission – Information transfer – Cooperation
Abstract (up) Abstract  Social network theory has made major contributions to our understanding of human social organisation but has found relatively little application in the field of animal behaviour. In this review, we identify several broad research areas where the networks approach could greatly enhance our understanding of social patterns and processes in animals. The network theory provides a quantitative framework that can be used to characterise social structure both at the level of the individual and the population. These novel quantitative variables may provide a new tool in addressing key questions in behavioural ecology particularly in relation to the evolution of social organisation and the impact of social structure on evolutionary processes. For example, network measures could be used to compare social networks of different species or populations making full use of the comparative approach. However, the networks approach can in principle go beyond identifying structural patterns and also can help with the understanding of processes within animal populations such as disease transmission and information transfer. Finally, understanding the pattern of interactions in the network (i.e. who is connected to whom) can also shed some light on the evolution of behavioural strategies.
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Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5171
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Author Krause, S.; Mattner, L.; James, R.; Guttridge, T.; Corcoran, M.; Gruber, S.; Krause, J.
Title Social network analysis and valid Markov chain Monte Carlo tests of null models Type Journal Article
Year 2009 Publication Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology Abbreviated Journal Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol.
Volume 63 Issue 7 Pages 1089-1096-1096
Keywords Biomedical and Life Sciences
Abstract (up) Analyses of animal social networks derived from group-based associations often rely on randomisation methods developed in ecology (Manly, Ecology 76:1109–1115, 1995) and made available to the animal behaviour community through implementation of a pair-wise swapping algorithm by Bejder et al. (Anim Behav 56:719–725, 1998). We report a correctable flaw in this method and point the reader to a wider literature on the subject of null models in the ecology literature. We illustrate the importance of correcting the method using a toy network and use it to make a preliminary analysis of a network of associations among eagle rays.
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Publisher Springer Berlin / Heidelberg Place of Publication Editor
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Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0340-5443 ISBN Medium
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Notes Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5208
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Author Ward, A.J.W.; Sumpter, D.J.T.; Couzin, I.D.; Hart, P.J.B.; Krause, J.
Title Quorum decision-making facilitates information transfer in fish shoals Type Journal Article
Year 2008 Publication Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America Abbreviated Journal Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.
Volume 105 Issue 19 Pages 6948-6953
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Abstract (up) Despite the growing interest in collective phenomena such as “swarm intelligence” and “wisdom of the crowds,” little is known about the mechanisms underlying decision-making in vertebrate animal groups. How do animals use the behavior of others to make more accurate decisions, especially when it is not possible to identify which individuals possess pertinent information? One plausible answer is that individuals respond only when they see a threshold number of individuals perform a particular behavior. Here, we investigate the role of such “quorum responses” in the movement decisions of fish (three-spine stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus). We show that a quorum response to conspecifics can explain how sticklebacks make collective movement decisions, both in the absence and presence of a potential predation risk. Importantly our experimental work shows that a quorum response can reduce the likelihood of amplification of nonadaptive following behavior. Whereas the traveling direction of solitary fish was strongly influenced by a single replica conspecific, the replica was largely ignored by larger groups of four or eight sticklebacks under risk, and the addition of a second replica was required to exert influence on the movement decisions of such groups. Model simulations further predict that quorum responses by fish improve the accuracy and speed of their decision-making over that of independent decision-makers or those using a weak linear response. This study shows that effective and accurate information transfer in groups may be gained only through nonlinear responses of group members to each other, thus highlighting the importance of quorum decision-making.
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Notes 10.1073/pnas.0710344105 Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5252
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Author Bode, N.W.F.; Faria, J.J.; Franks, D.W.; Krause, J.; Wood, A.J.
Title How perceived threat increases synchronization in collectively moving animal groups Type Journal Article
Year 2010 Publication Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences Abbreviated Journal Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci.
Volume 277 Issue 1697 Pages 3065-3070
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Abstract (up) Nature is rich with many different examples of the cohesive motion of animals. Previous attempts to model collective motion have primarily focused on group behaviours of identical individuals. In contrast, we put our emphasis on modelling the contributions of different individual-level characteristics within such groups by using stochastic asynchronous updating of individual positions and orientations. Our model predicts that higher updating frequency, which we relate to perceived threat, leads to more synchronized group movement, with speed and nearest-neighbour distributions becoming more uniform. Experiments with three-spined sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus) that were exposed to different threat levels provide strong empirical support for our predictions. Our results suggest that the behaviour of fish (at different states of agitation) can be explained by a single parameter in our model: the updating frequency. We postulate a mechanism for collective behavioural changes in different environment-induced contexts, and explain our findings with reference to confusion and oddity effects.
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Notes 10.1098/rspb.2010.0855 Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5188
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Author Krause, J.; Lusseau, D.; James, R.
Title Animal social networks: an introduction Type Journal Article
Year 2009 Publication Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology Abbreviated Journal Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol.
Volume 63 Issue 7 Pages 967-973-973
Keywords Biomedical and Life Sciences
Abstract (up) Network analysis has a long history in the mathematical and social sciences and the aim of this introduction is to provide a brief overview of the potential that it holds for the study of animal behaviour. One of the most attractive features of the network paradigm is that it provides a single conceptual framework with which we can study the social organisation of animals at all levels (individual, dyad, group, population) and for all types of interaction (aggressive, cooperative, sexual etc.). Graphical tools allow a visual inspection of networks which often helps inspire ideas for testable hypotheses. Network analysis itself provides a multitude of novel statistical tools that can be used to characterise social patterns in animal populations. Among the important insights that networks have facilitated is that indirect social connections matter. Interactions between individuals generate a social environment at the population level which in turn selects for behavioural strategies at the individual level. A social network is often a perfect means by which to represent heterogeneous relationships in a population. Probing the biological drivers for these heterogeneities, often as a function of time, forms the basis of many of the current uses of network analysis in the behavioural sciences. This special issue on social networks brings together a diverse group of practitioners whose study systems range from social insects over reptiles to birds, cetaceans, ungulates and primates in order to illustrate the wide-ranging applications of network analysis.
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Publisher Springer Berlin / Heidelberg Place of Publication Editor
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ISSN 0340-5443 ISBN Medium
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Notes Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5209
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Author Faria, J.J.; Dyer, J.R.G.; Tosh, C.R.; Krause, J.
Title Leadership and social information use in human crowds Type Journal Article
Year 2010 Publication Animal Behaviour. Abbreviated Journal Anim. Behav.
Volume 79 Issue 4 Pages 895-901
Keywords collective animal behaviour; group; human; inadvertent social cue; information; leadership
Abstract (up) One of the big challenges for group-living animals is to find out who in a group has pertinent information (regarding food or predators) at any moment in time, because informed individuals may not be obviously recognizable to other group members. We found that individuals in human groups were capable of identifying those with information, and this identification increased group performance: the speed and accuracy of groups in reaching a target. Using video analysis we found how informed individuals might have been identified by other group members by means of inadvertent social cues (such as starting order, time spent following and group position). Furthermore, we were able to show that at least one of these cues, the group position of informed individuals, was indeed correlated with group performance. Our final experiment confirmed that leadership was even more efficient when the group members were given the identity of the leader. We discuss the effect of information status regarding the presence and identity of leaders on collective animal behaviour.
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ISSN 0003-3472 ISBN Medium
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Notes Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5192
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