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| Author | Stachurska, A.; Pieta, M.; Nesteruk, E. | ||||
| Title | Which obstacles are most problematic for jumping horses? | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2002 | Publication | Applied Animal Behaviour Science | Abbreviated Journal | Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. |
| Volume | 77 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 197-207 |
| Keywords | Horses; Jumping events; Obstacles; Behaviour | ||||
| Abstract | The objective of this study was to examine the behaviour of horses jumping over variously designed obstacles, i.e. which obstacles are easy for them and jumped willingly or which cause difficulties. This was judged by scoring two main faults at jumping events: the number of knock-downs and run-outs with refusals. The data concerned 609 rounds made at regional competitions of various classes for 100-140 cm obstacle height. They included 5639 jumps at 343 obstacles, in total. Seventy-two horses participated in the competitions. The number of faults at a particular obstacle depended on the obstacle-type, height, colour and arrangement. Uprights and oxers were the most frequently knocked-down, while the walls were the most often run-out. When the height was increased, more obstacles were knocked-down but the number of run-outs did not change significantly. The obstacles of two contrasting colours were jumped without fault more often, whereas, those of one colour, light or dark, caused most of the faults. The least number of faults was committed at the second obstacle in a combination compared with the first, third and single ones. The third and fourth obstacles in the courses were faulty jumps most often. The results suggest that most of the factors examined, which differentiate the obstacle and course design, may influence the horse's behaviour. In consequence, the horses make more or fewer faults jumping over various obstacles. | ||||
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| ISSN | 0168-1591 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 3971 | ||
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| Author | Mostl, E.; Palme, R. | ||||
| Title | Hormones as indicators of stress | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2002 | Publication | Domestic Animal Endocrinology | Abbreviated Journal | Fourth International Conference on Farm Animal Endocrinology |
| Volume | 23 | Issue | 1-2 | Pages | 67-74 |
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| Abstract | Animal welfare is of increasing importance and absence of chronic stress is one of its prerequisites. During stress, various endocrine responses are involved to improve the fitness of the individual. The front-line hormones to overcome stressful situations are the glucocorticoids and catecholamines. These hormones are determined as a parameter of adrenal activity and thus of disturbance. The concentration of glucocorticoids (or their metabolites) can be measured in various body fluids or excreta. Above all, fecal samples offer the advantage that they can be easily collected and this procedure is feedback free. Recently, enzyme immunoassays (EIA) have been developed and successfully tested, to enable the measurement of groups of cortisol metabolites in animal feces. The determination of these metabolites in fecal samples is a practical method to monitor glucocorticoid production. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4067 | ||
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| Author | Marino, L. | ||||
| Title | Convergence of complex cognitive abilities in cetaceans and primates | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2002 | Publication | Brain, Behavior and Evolution | Abbreviated Journal | Brain Behav Evol |
| Volume | 59 | Issue | 1-2 | Pages | 21-32 |
| Keywords | Animal Communication; Animals; Brain/physiology; Cerebral Cortex/physiology; Cetacea/*physiology; Cognition/*physiology; *Evolution; Humans; Intelligence; Primates/*physiology | ||||
| Abstract | What examples of convergence in higher-level complex cognitive characteristics exist in the animal kingdom? In this paper I will provide evidence that convergent intelligence has occurred in two distantly related mammalian taxa. One of these is the order Cetacea (dolphins, whales and porpoises) and the other is our own order Primates, and in particular the suborder anthropoid primates (monkeys, apes, and humans). Despite a deep evolutionary divergence, adaptation to physically dissimilar environments, and very different neuroanatomical organization, some primates and cetaceans show striking convergence in social behavior, artificial 'language' comprehension, and self-recognition ability. Taken together, these findings have important implications for understanding the generality and specificity of those processes that underlie cognition in different species and the nature of the evolution of intelligence. | ||||
| Address | Neuroscience and Behavioral Biology Program, Emory University, Atlanta, Ga. 30322, USA. lmarino@emory.edu | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | 0006-8977 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:12097858 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4158 | ||
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| Author | Giraldeau, Luc-Alain; Valone, Thomas, J.; Templeton, Jennifer, J. | ||||
| Title | Potential disadvantages of using socially acquired information | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2002 | Publication | Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences | Abbreviated Journal | Phil. Trans. Biol. Sci. |
| Volume | 357 | Issue | 1427 | Pages | 1559-1566 |
| Keywords | Public Information Informational Cascades Social Learning Sampling | ||||
| Abstract | The acquisition and use of socially acquired information is commonly assumed to be profitable. We challenge this assumption by exploring hypothetical scenarios where the use of such information either provides no benefit or can actually be costly. First, we show that the level of incompatibility between the acquisition of personal and socially acquired information will directly affect the extent to which the use of socially acquired information can be profitable. When these two sources of information cannot be acquired simultaneously, there may be no benefit to socially acquired information. Second, we assume that a solitary individual's behavioural decisions will be based on cues revealed by its own interactions with the environment. However, in many cases, for social animals the only socially acquired information available to individuals is the behavioural actions of others that expose their decisions, rather than the cues on which these decisions were based. We argue that in such a situation the use of socially acquired information can lead to informational cascades that sometimes result in sub-optimal behaviour. From this theory of informational cascades, we predict that when erroneous cascades are costly, individuals should pay attention only to socially generated cues and not behavioural decisions. We suggest three scenarios that might be examples of informational cascades in nature. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4197 | ||
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| Author | Waring, George H. (ed) | ||||
| Title | Horse Behavior: The Behavioral Traits and Adaptations of Domestic and Wild Horses, Including Ponies | Type | Book Whole | ||
| Year | 2002 | Publication | Noyes Publications | Abbreviated Journal | |
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| Abstract | Reviews Synopsis The second edition of this informative book remains the most comprehensive and current overview of the behavioral traits and adaptations of horses. The book integrates findings from hundreds of international researchers to provide the reader with a factual synthesis of the behaviour of domestic and feral horses. Building on the strengths of the first edition, the author has thoroughly updated coverage of horse ancestry, development, perception, learning, play, social behavioral manipulation, maintenance activities, and sexual behaviour. Throughout these and other chapters, more emphasis has been given to animal husbandry and management. Additionally, the second edition includes an all-new section on ecological influences on activity patterns, habitat utilization, social behaviour and reproduction. An expanded section on applied ethnology provides behavioral considerations or management and insight regarding the behavioral indicators of horse health and well being. This is followed with an updated appendix listing behavioral symptoms and possible causes. The text contains numerous tables and nearly 100 illustrations and photos. Interesting Facts: Rich with international data, incorporated into text, tables, and figures Two new chapters on ecological influences dealing with interactions between environment feeding, ranging, shelter seeking, reproductive and social behavior, among other topics New chapter on behavioral considerations in horse management, plus updated material on health and well being, surveys atypical symptoms ranging from posture to social behaviour Update appendix provides an extensive listing of behavioral symptoms, with identifications of possible associated problems. |
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| Publisher | Noyes Publications | Place of Publication | Nrowich, NY | Editor | Waring, George H. |
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| ISSN | ISBN | 978-0815514848 | Medium | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4233 | ||
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| Author | Fisher, D.O.; Blomberg, S.P.; Owens, I.P.F. | ||||
| Title | Convergent Maternal Care Strategies In Ungulates And Macropods | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2002 | Publication | Evolution | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 56 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 167-176 |
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| Abstract | Mammals show extensive interspecific variation in the form of maternal care. Among ungulates, there is a dichotomy between species in which offspring follow the mother (“following” strategy) versus species in which offspring remain concealed (“hiding” strategy). Here we reveal that the same dichotomy exists among macropods (kangaroos, wallabies and allies). We test three traditional adaptive explanations and one new life history hypothesis, and find very similar patterns among both ungulates and macropods. The three traditional explanations that we tested were that a “following” strategy is associated with (1) open habitat, (2) large mothers, and (3) gregariousness. Our new life-history hypothesis is that a “following strategy” is associated with delayed weaning, and thus with the “slow” end of the slow-fast mammalian life-history continuum, because offspring devote resources to locomotion rather than rapid growth. Our comparative test strongly supports the habitat structure hypothesis and provides some support for this new delayed weaning hypothesis for both ungulates and macropods. We propose that sedentary young in closed habitats benefit energetically by having milk brought to them. In open habitats, predation pressure will select against hiding. Followers will suffer slower growth to independence. Taken together, therefore, our results provide the first quantitative evidence that macropods and ungulates are convergent with respect to interspecific variation in maternal care strategy. In both clades, differences between species in the form of parental care are due to a similar interaction between habitat, social behavior, and life history. Corresponding Editor: B. Crespi | ||||
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| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4252 | ||
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| Author | Valone; Thomas J.; Templeton, Jennifer J. | ||||
| Title | Public information for the assessment of quality: a widespread social phenomenon | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2002 | Publication | Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences | Abbreviated Journal | Phil. Trans. Biol. Sci. |
| Volume | 357 | Issue | 1427 | Pages | 1549-1557 |
| Keywords | Breeding Patch Assessment Eavesdropping Fighting Mate Choice Copying Sociality Vicarious Sampling | ||||
| Abstract | We propose that the use of public information about the quality of environmental resources, obtained by monitoring the sampling behaviour of others, may be a widespread social phenomenon allowing individuals to make faster, more accurate assessments of their environment. To demonstrate this (i) we define public information and distinguish it from other kinds of social information; (ii) we review empirical work demonstrating the benefits and costs of using public information to estimate food patch quality; (iii) we examine recent work showing that individuals may also be using public information to improve their estimates of the quality of such disparate environmental parameters as breeding patches, opponents and mates; and finally (iv) we suggest avenues of future work to better understand the nature of public information use and when it might be used or ignored. Such work should lead to a more complete understanding of the behaviour of individuals in social aggregations. | ||||
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| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4273 | ||
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| Author | Edling, C.R. | ||||
| Title | Mathematics In Sociology | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2002 | Publication | Annual Review of Sociology | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 28 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 197-220 |
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| Abstract | Since mathematical sociology was firmly established in the 1960s, it has grown tremendously. Today it has an impressive scope and deals with topical problems of social structure and social change. A distinctive feature of today's use of mathematics in sociology is the movement toward a synthesis between process, structure, and action. In combination with an increased attention to social mechanisms and the problems of causality and temporality, this synthesis can add to its relevance for sociology in general. The article presents recent advances and major sociological research streams in contemporary sociology that involve the application of mathematics, logic, and computer modeling. | ||||
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| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ Edling2002 | Serial | 4292 | ||
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| Author | BROUCEK,J.; UHRINCAT,M.; ARAVE,C. W.; FRIEND,T. H.; MIHINA,S.; KISAC,P.; HANUS, A. | ||||
| Title | Effects of Rearing Methods of Heifers during Milk Replacement Period | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2002 | Publication | Czech Journal of Animal Science | Abbreviated Journal | Czech J. Anim. Sci |
| Volume | 71 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 509-516 |
| Keywords | Heifers, behaviour, maze, feeding, housing | ||||
| Abstract | Fifty-eight Holstein heifer calves were assigned to one out of three treatment groups after having nursed by their mothers for the first week: BN) individual hutch, bucket with nipple n=25; DF)loose housing pen, machine milk feeder, n=16; NC) loose housing pen, nursing cow, n=17. After weaning at 8 weeks, all calves were kept in group pens. At 15 weeks of age, the behaviour in the 6-unit maze (16.4 – 4.5 m) was determined. On the first observation day, the calves were tested five times (the first one for training); on the second day there were four runs. The calves had to solve two tasks. In task A, the passage was open on the left side, and on the right side (task B) on the next day. We were testing the following hypothesis: the speed of traversing the maze is affected by the rearing system. The slowest were NC calves. On the first day (task A), the average time to traverse the maze among treatments DF (43.9 s), BN (53 s) and NC (111.3 s) was different (F = 8.26*, P = 0.0007). On the second day (task B), the averages were: BN 77.1 s, DF 83.8 s and DC 166.6 s (F=8.17*, P = 0.0008). The results indicate that the feeding method and housing used to rear calves may have a significant impact on their maze behaviour. | ||||
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| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4323 | ||
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| Author | Williams, J.L.; Friend, T.H.; Toscano, M.J.; Collins, M.N.; Sisto-Burt, A.; Nevill, C.H. | ||||
| Title | The effects of early training sessions on the reactions of foals at 1, 2, and 3 months of age | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2002 | Publication | Applied Animal Behaviour Science | Abbreviated Journal | Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. |
| Volume | 77 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 105-114 |
| Keywords | Equine; Imprint training; Imprinting; Learning; Training; Handling; Foal | ||||
| Abstract | An early training procedure commonly termed “foal imprint training” is widely promoted in the horse industry. However, there have been no published scientific investigations of its efficacy. This study determined the effects of a training procedure on foals and their reaction to stimuli used in the early training procedure, and to a novel stimulus, at 1, 2 and 3 months of age. Twenty-five foals received a standard training procedure at 2, 12, 24, and 48 h after birth. After the training procedure, the foals received minimal additional handling that included veterinary treatments and occasional relocation. Twenty-two foals born over the same time period served as controls. All 47 (25 trained, 22 control) foals were tested at 1 month of age. Only 20 were available for testing at 2 months of age, and nine were available at 3 months. Percentage change from baseline heart rate, time required to complete exposure to each stimulus (foals that were more reactive took longer) and the behavior of each foal during the introduction of each stimulus were recorded. Overall, the control foals tended to receive lower (better) behavioral scores at 1 and 2 months of age. Foals that underwent the training procedure tended to require less time to complete exposure to the stimulus and had lower heart rates during exposure to the stimuli at 1 and 2 months of age. By 3 months of age, there were no significant differences between trained and control foals for any measures. Early training was not efficacious in this study. | ||||
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| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4331 | ||
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