| Records |
| Author |
Skandakumar, S.; Stodulski, G.; Hau, J. |
| Title |
Salivary IgA: a Possible Stress Marker In Dogs |
Type |
Abstract |
| Year |
1995 |
Publication |
Animal Welfare |
Abbreviated Journal  |
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| Volume |
4 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
339-350 |
| Keywords |
Animal Welfare; Behaviour; Cortisol; Dog; Salivary Iga (S-Iga); Stress; Well-Being |
| Abstract |
Stress in humans has been reported to be associated with a decrease in the salivary immunoglobulin A (s-IgA) levels enabling the possible use of s-IgA to assess stress. Prolonged stress, if reliably assessed in a non-invasive manner, may be used to assess animal welfare. This study analysed groups of dogs undergoing physical and temperamental training and s-IgA levels were measured by rocket immunoelectrophoresis in prospective samples. Behavioural assessment was carried out and cortisol levels in saliva were measured by ELISA. A significant negative correlation (P < 0.007) between the logarithmic cortisol concentrations and s-IgA levels in saliva was recorded. The behavioural assessment of the dogs agreed well with the biochemical markers. It is concluded that IgA levels in saliva may be a useful marker of dog well-being and that stress results in decreased s-IgA levels. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5964 |
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| Author |
Siegel, H.S. |
| Title |
Effects of behavioural and physical stressors on immune responses. |
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Book Whole |
| Year |
1987 |
Publication |
Biology of Stress in Farm Animals |
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Martinus Nijhoff |
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London |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5994 |
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| Author |
Seyfarth, R.M.; Cheney, D.L. |
| Title |
Social cognition |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2015 |
Publication |
Animal Behaviour |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
103 |
Issue |
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Pages |
191-202 |
| Keywords |
evolution; fitness; future research; personality; selective pressure; skill; social cognition |
| Abstract |
The social intelligence hypothesis argues that competition and cooperation among individuals have shaped the evolution of cognition in animals. What do we mean by social cognition? Here we suggest that the building blocks of social cognition are a suite of skills, ordered roughly according to the cognitive demands they place upon individuals. These skills allow an animal to recognize others by various means; to recognize and remember other animals' relationships; and, perhaps, to attribute mental states to them. Some skills are elementary and virtually ubiquitous in the animal kingdom; others are more limited in their taxonomic distribution. We treat these skills as the targets of selection, and assume that more complex levels of social cognition evolve only when simpler methods are inadequate. As a result, more complex levels of social cognition indicate greater selective pressures in the past. The presence of each skill can be tested directly through field observations and experiments. In addition, the same methods that have been used to compare social cognition across species can also be used to measure individual differences within species and to test the hypothesis that individual differences in social cognition are linked to differences in reproductive success. |
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0003-3472 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6025 |
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| Author |
KOIZUMI, R.; MITANI, T.; UEDA, K.; KONDO, S. |
| Title |
Skill reading of human social cues by horses (Equus caballus) reared under year-round grazing conditions |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Animal Behaviour and Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
53 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
69-78 |
| Keywords |
horse behavior, human-horse communication, animal cognition, social cue |
| Abstract |
Animals use communicative signals, such as gesture or gaze, to communicate to someone the intention or expression of the sender, which is called social cue. In the previous studies, it was suggested the skill of reading human social cue in domestic animals are influenced to the domestication, the experience contacting with human and training to obey human. In this present study, we tested the skill for horses (Equus caballus) kept in year-round grazing conditions using 33 horses differed from breed and the degree of the experience with human by object-choice task subjects choosing either of bait boxes located at the end of experimenter. As results, non-socialized horses hardly responded to human social cues. Habituated horses that were both of trained and untrained responded to human social cues, but their accuracy rates were not more than 50% except for two trained subjects. For the skill of reading human social cues, there was high individual variation in responding to human social cues in horses kept in year-round grazing conditions. The individual characteristics influenced to it more than domestication, the experience with human, and training to obey human. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6168 |
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| Author |
Krueger, K.; Marr, I.; Farmer, K. |
| Title |
Equine Cognition |
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Book Chapter |
| Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Encyclopedia of Animal Cognition and Behavior |
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1-11 |
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Springer International Publishing |
Place of Publication |
Cham |
Editor |
Vonk, J.; Shackelford, T. |
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978-3-319-47829-6 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Krueger2017 |
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6181 |
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Becker-Birck, M.; Schmidt, A.; Wulf, M.; Aurich, J.; von der Wense, A.; Möstl, E.; Berz, R.; Aurich, C. |
| Title |
Cortisol release, heart rate and heart rate variability, and superficial body temperature, in horses lunged either with hyperflexion of the neck or with an extended head and neck position |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2013 |
Publication |
Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
97 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
322-330 |
| Keywords |
animal welfare; equitation; stress; training |
| Abstract |
Bringing the head and neck of ridden horses into a position of hyperflexion is widely used in equestrian sports. In our study, the hypothesis was tested that hyperflexion is an acute stressor for horses. Salivary cortisol concentrations, heart rate, heart rate variability (HRV) and superficial body temperature were determined in horses (n = 16) lunged on two subsequent days. The head and neck of the horse was fixed with side reins in a position allowing forward extension on day A and fixed in hyperflexion on day B. The order of treatments alternated between horses. In response to lunging, cortisol concentration increased (day A from 0.73 ± 0.06 to 1.41 ± 0.13 ng/ml, p < 0.001; day B from 0.68 ± 0.07 to 1.38 ± 0.13 ng/ml, p < 0.001) but did not differ between days A and B. Beat-to-beat (RR) interval decreased in response to lunging on both days. HRV variables standard deviation of RR interval (SDRR) and RMSSD (root mean square of successive RR differences) decreased (p < 0.001) but did not differ between days. In the cranial region of the neck, the difference between maximum and minimum temperature was increased in hyperflexion (p < 0.01). In conclusion, physiological parameters do not indicate an acute stress response to hyperflexion of the head alone in horses lunged at moderate speed and not touched with the whip. However, if hyperflexion is combined with active intervention of a rider, a stressful experience for the horse cannot be excluded. |
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Blackwell Publishing Ltd |
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1439-0396 |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6182 |
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McVey, A.; Wilkinson, A.; Mills, D.S. |
| Title |
Social learning in horses: the effect of using a group leader demonstrator on the performance of familiar conspecifics in a detour task |
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Journal Article |
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2018 |
Publication |
Applied Animal Behaviour Science |
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Equine; Imitation; Leader; Social facilitation; Social learning |
| Abstract |
Learning through the observation of others allows the transfer of information without the costs incurred during individual trial and error learning. Horses (Equus caballus) are a highly social species, which might be expected to be capable of learning from others, but experimental findings are inconsistent, and potentially confounded by social facilitation effects not related directly to the learning of the task. We refined the methods used in previous equine social learning studies, to examine and distinguish specific social influences on learning of a task: we used predefined group leaders rather than agonistically dominant individuals to demonstrate a detour task to familiar conspecific observers; in addition we had two control groups: a non-observer (true control) and a group with the demonstrator simply present at the goal (social facilitation control). 44 socially kept horses were allocated to one of the three test conditions and took part in five trials each. Success rate, latency and detour direction were recorded. There was no significant difference between the three groups in the likelihood of them succeeding in the task nor latency to succeed; however there was a significant difference in the route chosen by the groups, with the true control choosing the side with the entrance gate significantly more than either the observer group or social facilitation group. Both of the latter two groups chose to go in the same direction relative to themselves, regardless of which side the gate was. Seven out of nine horses in the observer group chose the same direction as their demonstrator every time. Our results show a significant role of social facilitation on detour behaviour and highlight the importance of including adequate controls for simpler cognitive influences on behaviour before claims can be made about the specific learning of motor actions or goal directed behaviour. Social cues may be important to horses if the task is sufficiently challenging and motivationally important, so future work should consider more demanding, but ecologically relevant situations, in order to maximise the potential revelation of social learning effects which do not depend on simple local or stimulus enhancement effects. |
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0168-1591 |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6395 |
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| Author |
Nelson, X.J.; Fijn, N. |
| Title |
The use of visual media as a tool for investigating animal behaviour |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2013 |
Publication |
Animal Behaviour |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
85 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
525-536 |
| Keywords |
citizen science; crowdsourcing; internet; online resource; opportunistic observation; 'people power'; playback study; preliminary testing; YouTube |
| Abstract |
In this essay we outline how video-related technology can be used as a tool for studying animal behaviour. We review particular aspects of novel, innovative animal behaviour uploaded by the general public via video-based media on the internet (using YouTube as a specific example). The behaviour of animals, particularly the play behaviour focused on here, is viewed by huge audiences. In this essay we focused on three different kinds of media clips: (1) interspecies play between dogs and a range of other species; (2) object play in horses; and (3) animal responses to stimuli presented on iPads, iPods and iPhones. We argue that the use of video is a good means of capturing uncommon or previously unknown behaviour, providing evidence that these behaviours occur. Furthermore, some of the behaviours featured on YouTube provide valuable insights for future directions in animal behaviour research. If we also take this opportunity to convey our knowledge to a public that seems to be fundamentally interested in animal behaviour, this is a good means of bridging the gap between knowledge among an academic few and the general public. |
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0003-3472 |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6432 |
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| Author |
McGreevy, P.; Yeates, J. |
| Title |
Horses (Equus caballus) |
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Book Chapter |
| Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Companion Animal Care and Welfare |
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animal company; behavioural signs; diseases; domestic horses; euthanasia; human interaction; nutritional requirements |
| Abstract |
Summary Domestic horses are equid members of the class Mammalia, order Perissodactyla, and family Equidae. Horses are obligate herbivores, with nutritional requirements as listed in a table. Adequate space is necessary for exercise, exploration, flight, sharing resources, play, and rolling. Company is essential for all horses, including stallions. Company provides opportunities for mutual grooming and play and allows horses to stand head-to-tail to remove flies. Unhandled horses may respond to humans as they would to predators, whereas handled horses' responses depend on their previous interactions with humans. Horses can suffer from several diseases as listed in another table. The best method of euthanasia of horses is usually sedation followed by either cranial shooting or the injection of an overdose of pentobarbitone into the jugular vein. Behavioural signs of distress can include increased locomotory activity, vigilance behaviours, neighing, snorting, pawing, nibbling walls and buckets, defaecation, rearing, kicking stable walls or doors, and high-stepping 'prancing'. |
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Wiley Online Books |
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Companion Animal Care and Welfare |
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9781119333708 |
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doi:10.1002/9781119333708.ch13 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
6506 |
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| Author |
Sol, D. |
| Title |
Behavioural flexibility: a neglected issue in the ecological and evolutionary literature |
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Book Chapter |
| Year |
2003 |
Publication |
Animal innovation. |
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Pages |
63-82 |
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Oxford University Press |
Place of Publication |
Oxford |
Editor |
S. M. Reader and K. N. Laland |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6532 |
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