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Author |
Nagy, K.; Bodó, G.; Bárdos, G.; Harnos, A. |
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Title |
Is modified Forssell"s operation superior to cribbing collar in preventing crib-biting in horses? |
Type |
Conference Article |
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2008 |
Publication |
IESM 2008 |
Abbreviated Journal  |
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stereotypic behaviour, heart-rate variability, stress, equine welfare |
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Abstract |
Crib-biting (wind-sucking) might be a coping response of the horses to the challenges of
uncontrolled environmental events. Prevention of this stereotypic behaviour evokes
physiological responses consistent with increased stress. Reducing the incidence of cribbiting,
however, is important in order to prevent undesirable physical and behavioural
consequences (tooth erosion, altered gut function, gastric inflammation/ulceration, colic, etc.).
Common treatment of crib-biting is the application of a cribbing collar, which limits the
flexion of the neck making this stereotypic movement uncomfortable and difficult. Another
method, the modified Forssell“s operation, is becoming more and more popular amongst the
horse owners. It is based on the removal of the muscles used in crib-biting (m.omohyoideus,
m.sternohyoideus, m.sternothyrohyoideus) and the ventral branches of the spinal accessory
nerves. Surveys on the success of this surgical procedure have revealed inconsistent results,
and, contrary to the cribbing collar, its effect on the stress level have not been studied either.
The aim of our study was to determine whether the modified Forssell”s procedure is superior
to the cribbing collar treatment.
Differences in stress management was tested by a crib-biting provoking test, in which
surgically treated horses, crib-biting horses, crib-biting horses with cribbing collar, and
normal horses (those showing no stereotypies), altogether 56 horses were compared. In this
test, a food bucket had been placed out of the reach of the animal, from which titbits were
given 3 times. Behaviour and heart rate variability (HRV) of the horses were recorded and
analysed throughout the test. Hypotheses were tested by linear mixed model.
According to our results, both prevention methods (collar or surgery) inhibited crib-biting
successfully though not totally. Regarding behaviour and heart rate variability, horses
prevented from crib-biting (by collar or surgery) differed significantly from crib-biting and
normal horses but not from each other.
Normal horses were usually trying to reach the food-bucket while present and were standing
still afterwards, whereas the other three groups had not really made efforts to reach the
bucket, spent less time with resting, and performed or tried crib-biting. During the stress-test,
normal and crib-biting horses had shown good stress-adaptation to the challenge since their
HRV, after an initial increase, returned to the basal value by the end. On the contrary, HRV of
the two prevented groups remained elevated and showed large oscillations throughout. They
had not found a successful coping behaviour either.
Our results suggest that since prevention may significantly increase distress, the treatment in
itself, without changing the motivation of the horse to perform the replacement behaviour – it
seems to be unsatisfactory and insufficient. After prevention the motivation of the horse to
perform crib-biting should be addressed. In addition, considering that prevention by collar and
surgery had not resulted in any significant behavioural or physiological differences, the
superiority of the modified Forssell"s procedure might be questioned. However, the surgery
might be recommended if treatment with collar is ineffective. |
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Szent István University, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Budapest, István u. 2, H-1078, Hungary;Eötvös Loránd University, Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Budapest, Pázmány P. stny. 1/C, H-1117, Hungary |
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Nagy, K. |
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IESM 2008 |
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Talk 15 min IESM 2008 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4492 |
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Author |
Bigiani, A.; Mucignat-Caretta, C.; Montani, G.; Tirindelli, R. |
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Title |
Pheromone reception in mammals |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2005 |
Publication |
Reviews of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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154 |
Issue |
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Pages |
1-35 |
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Pheromonal communication is the most convenient way to transfer information regarding gender and social status in animals of the same species with the holistic goal of sustaining reproduction. This type of information exchange is based on pheromones, molecules often chemically unrelated, that are contained in body fluids like urine, sweat, specialized exocrine glands, and mucous secretions of genitals. So profound is the relevance of pheromones over the evolutionary process that a specific peripheral organ devoted to their recognition, namely the vomeronasal organ of Jacobson, and a related central pathway arose in most vertebrate species. Although the vomeronasal system is well developed in reptiles and amphibians, most mammals strongly rely on pheromonal communication. Humans use pheromones too; evidence on the existence of a specialized organ for their detection, however, is very elusive indeed. In the present review, we will focus our attention on the behavioral, physiological, and molecular aspects of pheromone detection in mammals. We will discuss the responses to pheromonal stimulation in different animal species, emphasizing the complicacy of this type of communication. In the light of the most recent results, we will also discuss the complex organization of the transduction molecules that underlie pheromone detection and signal transmission from vomeronasal neurons to the higher centers of the brain. Communication is a primary feature of living organisms, allowing the coordination of different behavioral paradigms among individuals. Communication has evolved through a variety of different strategies, and each species refined its own preferred communication medium. From a phylogenetic point of view, the most widespread and ancient way of communication is through chemical signals named pheromones: it occurs in all taxa, from prokaryotes to eukaryotes. The release of specific pheromones into the environment is a sensitive and definite way to send messages to other members of the same species. Therefore, the action of an organism can alter the behavior of another organism, thereby increasing the fitness of either or both. Albeit slow in transmission and not easily modulated, pheromones can travel around objects in the dark and over long distances. In addition, they are emitted when necessary and their biosynthesis is usually economic. In essence, they represent the most efficient tool to refine the pattern of social behaviors and reproductive strategies. © Springer-Verlag 2005. |
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Università di Parma, Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Sezione di Fisiologia, Via Volturno 39, 43100 Parma, Italy |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4570 |
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Author |
Mandal, M. K.; Bulman-Fleming, M. B.; Tiwari, G. (eds) |
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Title |
Side Bias: A Neuropsychological Perspective |
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Book Whole |
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2000 |
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The beginnings of the idea about a book on “side bias” began in the year
1994 during the senior editor“s research association with late Professor M.P.
Bryden and colleagues at the University of Waterloo, Canada. Over many
discussions with Professor Bryden, it was clear that the concept of ”side bias"
encompasses all aspects of motor behaviour within the context of human
(and non-human animal) laterality. The tendency to favour one side or limb
over the other is important not only from the perspective of understanding
the functional asymmetries of the cerebral hemispheres, but also to an
understanding of a myriad of aspects of human behaviour, as the
contributions to this volume will attest.
By side bias, most people would think of bias in terms of hand
preference or performance. The phenomenon of side bias, however, is more
general and influences motor behaviour of all kinds, ranging from simple
hand movement to complex behaviours like facial expression and attention.
Therefore, the concept has been operationalized in terms of bias reflected in
the motor expression of paired (such as hands, feet, eyes, or ears) or
nonpaired organs (such as the face) as a function of preference, performance
or attentional/intentional factors. ....
More see: http://www.springerlink.com/content/gr1726/front-matter.pdf |
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Springer |
Place of Publication |
Netherlands |
Editor |
Mandal, M. K.; Bulman-Fleming, M. B.; Tiwari, G. |
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978-0-7923-6660-7 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4733 |
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Author |
Yulk G. |
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Title |
Leadership in organizations. |
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1998 |
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Yulk G. 1998. Leadership in organizations. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall
Leadership in Organizations focuses on effective leadership in organizations through both theory and practice. This book explains and critiques the major theories and studies that are most relevant and informative and reviews what we know about leadership effectiveness. This combination of theory and practice makes this text a useful resource for practicing managers who are looking for something more than superficial answers to difficult questions about leadership. |
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Prentice-Hall |
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Englewood Cliffs, NJ |
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978-0138142681 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4806 |
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Author |
Wall, D.L.; Topliff, D.R.; Freeman, D.W.; Wagner, D.G.; Breazile, J.W.; Stutz, W.A. |
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Title |
Effect of dietary cation-anion balance on urinary mineral excretion in exercised horses |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1992 |
Publication |
Journal of Equine Veterinary Science |
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12 |
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3 |
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168-171 |
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Summary Four mares and four geldings of Quarter Horse and Thoroughbred breeding were used in two simultaneous 4x4 Latin square experiments to study the effects of dietary cation-anion balance (DCAB), defined as meq ((Na+K)-C1)/kg dry matter, on urinary pH and mineral excretion in exercised horses. Diets consisted of a pelleted concentrate of corn, soybean meal and cottonseed hulls fed with bermudagrass hay. Treatments with DCAB of +5 (Low, L), +107 (Medium Low, ML), +201 (Medium High, MH) and +327 (High, H), meq ((Na+K)-Cl)/kg dry matter were formed by supplementing diet L with calcium chloride and ammonium chloride, diet ML with calcium chloride and diet H with sodium bicarbonate and potassium citrate (Table 1). Diet MH was not supplemented and served as the control treatment. Horses were conditioned aerobically for 6 weeks using long, slow, distance (LSD) workouts. During the experimental periods, horses were subjected to a combined exercise regimen alternating LSD with an interval-training protocol 6 days/week. There was a significant (P<.01) treatment effect on urine pH; least squares means for L, ML, MH and H were 6.73, 7.17, 7.38, and 7.92. Horses consuming diet L excreted more calcium in the urine (P<.05) than those consuming MH or H. Least squares means for daily urine calcium excretion tended to be linear across treatments and ranged from 19.66 g/day for diet L to 9.12 g/day for diet H. Urinary chloride excretion was higher (P<.05) for L than for MH or H. Horses fed diet H excreted more sodium (P<.05) in urine than horses fed the other diets. Lowering DCAB, increases urinary calcium loss; depending on the level of calcium intake, this could lead to negative calcium balance in exercising horses. |
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0737-0806 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4833 |
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Author |
Leonard, M.L.; Horn, A.G.; Eden, S.F. |
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Title |
Parent-offspring aggression in moorhens |
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Journal Article |
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1988 |
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Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. |
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23 |
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265-270 |
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The purpose of this study was to explain parental aggression to offspring in the moorhen (Gallinula chloropus). Males and females did not feed different subsets of chicks. In addition, there was a positive correlation between feeding rates of each parent to a particular chick and the number of attacks (tousles) directed to that chick, contrary to what was expected if aggression served to divide the brood. In moorhens, large chicks outcompeted small chicks for parental feedings. However, adults were more aggressive to large chicks and as a result small chicks spent significantly more time closer to parents and received more feedings than large chicks. In 84% of broods every chick was attacked at least once, although large chicks were attacked more often than small chicks. The behaviour of chicks changed immediately after an attack (Table 2). Before an attack chicks were <1 m from the parents while after an attack they were >1 m. The apparent effect of parental aggression in moorhens is to reduce demands by chicks for feedings. Aggression appears to reduce sibling competition and to encourage chick independence. |
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10.1007/Bf00302949 |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4905 |
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Author |
Gallese, V.; Fadiga, L.; Fogassi, L.; Rizzolatti, G. |
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Title |
Action recognition in the premotor cortex |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1996 |
Publication |
Brain |
Abbreviated Journal |
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119 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
593-609 |
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action encoding; visual responses; premotor cortex; macaque monkey |
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We recorded electrical activity from 532 neurons in the rostral part of inferior area 6 (area F5) of two macaque monkeys. Previous data had shown that neurons of this area discharge during goal-directed hand and mouth movements. We describe here the properties of a newly discovered set of F5 neurons ( mirror neurons', n = 92) all of which became active both when the monkey performed a given action and when it observed a similar action performed by the experimenter. Mirror neurons, in order to be visually triggered, required an interaction between the agent of the action and the object of it. The sight of the agent alone or of the object alone (three-dimensional objects, food) were ineffective. Hand and the mouth were by far the most effective agents. The actions most represented among those activating mirror neurons were grasping, manipulating and placing. In most mirror neurons (92%) there was a clear relation between the visual action they responded to and the motor response they coded. In [~]30% of mirror neurons the congruence was very strict and the effective observed and executed actions corresponded both in terms of general action (e.g. grasping) and in terms of the way in which that action was executed (e.g. precision grip). We conclude by proposing that mirror neurons form a system for matching observation and execution of motor actions. We discuss the possible role of this system in action recognition and, given the proposed homology between F5 and human Brocca's region, we posit that a matching system, similar to that of mirror neurons exists in humans and could be involved in recognition of actions as well as phonetic gestures. |
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10.1093/brain/119.2.593 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5012 |
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Author |
Camazine, S.; Deneubourg, J.L.; Franks, N.R.; Sneyd, J.; Theraula, G.; Bonabeau, E. |
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Title |
Self-Organization in Biological Systems |
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2003 |
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Princeton University Press |
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Princeton |
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978-0691116242 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5143 |
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Author |
Schaller, G.B: |
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Title |
The Mountain Gorilla: Ecology and Behaviour. |
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1964 |
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Oryx |
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7 |
Issue |
05 |
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253-254 |
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Cambridge Journals Online |
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Cambridge |
Editor |
Zuckerman, S |
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0030-6053 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5149 |
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Schaller, G.B: |
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The Serengeti Lion: A Study of Predator-Prey Relations (Wildlife Behavior and Ecology series) |
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1976 |
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University Of Chicago Press |
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Chicago |
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978-0226736402 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5159 |
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