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Deutsch, J.; Lee, P. |
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Title |
Dominance and feeding competition in captive rhesus monkeys |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1991 |
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International Journal of Primatology |
Abbreviated Journal  |
Int. J. Primatol. |
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12 |
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6 |
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615-628 |
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female dominance – feeding competition – nutrition – stress |
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The feeding behavior of 16 adult female rhesus monkeys living in three captive social groups was observed. Estimates of relative food intake, feeding rate, and location of feeding in relation to food sources were compared between females of different dominance ranks. Higher-ranking females had greater access to feeding sites and were supplanted or threatened less frequently while feeding than subordinates. However, no consistent differences in estimates of total intake were found between females of high and females of low rank. The effects of dominance on feeding behavior were most pronounced in the group receiving the least food relative to estimates of overall group nutritional requirements. Higher-ranking females, both over the long term and during the study period, tended to produce more surviving offspring. The effects of dominance on reproductive performance appeared to be less related to food intake than to competitive and aggressive interactions, potentially resulting in higher levels of stress for subordinates. |
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refbase @ user @ |
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813 |
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Author |
Sueur, C.; Petit, O. |
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Title |
Organization of Group Members at Departure Is Driven by Social Structure in Macaca |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2008 |
Publication |
International Journal of Primatology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Int. J. Primatol. |
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29 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
1085-1098 |
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Keywords |
dominance – kinship – Macaca tonkeana – M. mulatta – network metrics – order – movement |
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Abstract Researchers have often explained order of progression of group members during joint movement in terms of the influence of ecological pressures but rarely that of social constraints. We studied the order of joining by group members to a movement in semifree-ranging macaques with contrasting social systems: 1 group of Tonkean macaques (Macaca tonkeana) and 1 group of rhesus macaques (M. mulatta). We used network metrics to understand roles and associations among individuals. The way the macaques joined a movement reflected the social differences between the species in terms of dominance and kinship. Old and dominant male rhesus macaques were more often at the front of the movement, contrary to the Tonkean macaques, which exhibited no specific order. Moreover, rhesus macaques preferred to join high-ranking or related individuals, whereas Tonkean macaques based associations during joining mostly on sexual relationships with a subgroup of peripheral males. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5125 |
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Reimers, M.; Schwarzenberger, F.; Preuschoft, S. |
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Title |
Rehabilitation of research chimpanzees: stress and coping after long-term isolation |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2007 |
Publication |
Hormones and Behavior |
Abbreviated Journal |
Horm Behav |
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51 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
428-435 |
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Keywords |
Adaptation, Psychological/*physiology; Animals; *Animals, Laboratory; Exploratory Behavior; Hydrocortisone/analysis/metabolism; Male; Models, Biological; *Pan troglodytes; Social Dominance; Social Environment; *Social Isolation/psychology; Stress/*rehabilitation/veterinary; Time |
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We report on the permanent retirement of chimpanzees from biomedical research and on resocialization after long-term social isolation. Our aim was to investigate to what extent behavioral and endocrine measures of stress in deprived laboratory chimpanzees can be improved by a more species-typical social life style. Personality in terms of novelty responses, social dominance after resocialization and hormonal stress susceptibility were affected by the onset of maternal separation of infant chimpanzees and duration of deprivation. Chimpanzees, who were separated from their mothers at a younger age and kept in isolation for more years appeared to be more timid personalities, less socially active, less dominant and more susceptible to stress, as compared to chimpanzees with a less severe deprivation history. However, permanent retirement from biomedical research in combination with therapeutic resocialization maximizing chimpanzees' situation control resulted in reduced fecal cortisol metabolite levels. Our results indicate that chimpanzees can recover from severe social deprivation, and may experience resocialization as less stressful than solitary housing. |
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Department of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinarplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria. reimers@wild-vet.at |
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0018-506X |
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PMID:17292368 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4188 |
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Overli, O.; Korzan, W.J.; Hoglund, E.; Winberg, S.; Bollig, H.; Watt, M.; Forster, G.L.; Barton, B.A.; OVerli, E.; Renner, K.J.; Summers, C.H. |
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Title |
Stress coping style predicts aggression and social dominance in rainbow trout |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Hormones and Behavior |
Abbreviated Journal |
Horm Behav |
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45 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
235-241 |
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Adaptation, Psychological/physiology; Aggression/*physiology; Animals; *Dominance-Subordination; Female; *Hierarchy, Social; Hydrocortisone/blood; Individuality; Male; Matched-Pair Analysis; Oncorhynchus mykiss/*physiology; Stress/*physiopathology |
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Social stress is frequently used as a model for studying the neuroendocrine mechanisms underlying stress-induced behavioral inhibition, depression, and fear conditioning. It has previously been shown that social subordination may result in increased glucocorticoid release and changes in brain signaling systems. However, it is still an open question which neuroendocrine and behavioral differences are causes, and which are consequences of social status. Using juvenile rainbow trout of similar size and with no apparent differences in social history, we demonstrate that the ability to win fights for social dominance can be predicted from the duration of a behavioral response to stress, in this case appetite inhibition after transfer to a new environment. Moreover, stress responsiveness in terms of confinement-induced changes in plasma cortisol was negatively correlated to aggressive behavior. Fish that exhibited lower cortisol responses to a standardized confinement test were markedly more aggressive when being placed in a dominant social position later in the study. These findings support the view that distinct behavioral-physiological stress coping styles are present in teleost fish, and these coping characteristics influence both social rank and levels of aggression. |
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Biology Department and Neuroscience Group, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD 57069, USA. oyvind.overli@bio.uio.no |
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0018-506X |
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PMID:15053939 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4192 |
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Author |
de Waal, F.B.; Luttrell, L.M. |
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Title |
The similarity principle underlying social bonding among female rhesus monkeys |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1986 |
Publication |
Folia primatologica; international journal of primatology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Folia Primatol (Basel) |
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Volume |
46 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
215-234 |
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Keywords |
Aggression; Animals; Dominance-Subordination; Female; Grooming; *Group Processes; Macaca/*physiology; Macaca mulatta/*physiology; Male; *Object Attachment |
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Twenty adult female rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) were observed over a three-year period. They lived in a mixed captive group with kinship relations known for three generations. The study's aim was to test Seyfarth's [J. theor. Biol. 65: 671-698, 1977] model of rank-related grooming and to investigate two other possible determinants of social bonding, i.e. relative age and the group's stratification into two social classes. Data on affiliation, coalitions, and social competition were collected by means of both focal observation and instantaneous time sampling. Whereas certain elements of the existing model were confirmed, its explanatory principles were not. Social competition did not result in more contact among close-ranking females (the opposite effect was found), and the relation between affiliative behavior and coalitions was more complex than predicted. Based on multivariate analyses and a comparison of theoretical models, we propose a simpler, more encompassing principle underlying interfemale attraction. According to this 'similarity principle', rhesus females establish bonds with females whom they most resemble. The similarity may concern genetical and social background, age, hierarchical position and social class. Effects of these four factors were independently demonstrated. The most successful model assumed that similarity factors influence female bonding in a cumulative fashion. |
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0015-5713 |
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PMID:3557225 |
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refbase @ user @ |
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211 |
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Author |
Noë, R.; de Waal, F.B.; van Hooff, J.A. |
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Title |
Types of dominance in a chimpanzee colony |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1980 |
Publication |
Folia primatologica; international journal of primatology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Folia Primatol (Basel) |
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Volume |
34 |
Issue |
1-2 |
Pages |
90-110 |
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Keywords |
Agonistic Behavior; Animals; Animals, Zoo; *Behavior, Animal; Competitive Behavior; Factor Analysis, Statistical; Female; Hierarchy, Social; Male; *Pan troglodytes; *Social Dominance |
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This study examines to what extent the concept of dominance can be used to describe the social structure of a group of semi-free-living chimpanzees. 15 behavioural variables, based on agonistic, competitive and affinitive behaviour patterns, have been compared with respect to the interindividual directions in which they occurred. In this analysis use was made of indices that reflect the position an individual occupies in the relationship structure. These indices were calculated per individual for all variables and subjected to factor analysis and cluster analysis. As a result, 13 of the variables could be grouped in three categories which have been labelled: (1) agonistic dominance; (2) bluff dominance, and (3) competitive dominance. Whereas the top positions in the hierarchies based on the first two closely related types of dominance were occupied by the adult males, the hierarchy based on the third type was headed by several adult females. |
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0015-5713 |
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PMID:7439873 |
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refbase @ user @ |
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212 |
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Author |
Saayman, G.S. |
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Title |
Behaviour of the adult males in a troop of free-ranging Chacma baboons (Papio ursinus) |
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Journal Article |
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1971 |
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Folia Primatologica; International Journal of Primatology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Folia Primatol (Basel) |
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15 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
36-57 |
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Keywords |
Aggression; Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Female; Grooming; *Haplorhini; Homing Behavior; Humans; Leadership; Male; Papio; Pregnancy; Sex Factors; *Sexual Behavior, Animal; Social Dominance |
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0015-5713 |
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PMID:5003339 |
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2053 |
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Author |
Jolly, A. |
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Title |
Pair-bonding, female aggression and the evolution of lemur societies |
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Journal Article |
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1998 |
Publication |
Folia Primatologica; International Journal of Primatology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Folia Primatol (Basel) |
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Volume |
69 Suppl 1 |
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1-13 |
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*Aggression; Animals; Evolution; Female; Intelligence; Lemur/*psychology; Male; *Pair Bond; Sex Factors; Social Dominance; Strepsirhini/psychology |
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Abstract |
Lemur societies have been described as convergent with those of anthropoids, including Papio-like female-bonded multi-male groups. Recent research, however, shows at least 5 pair-bonded species among the Lemuridae and Indriidae. Three more, Eulemur mongoz, Eulemur fulvus and Varecia variegata, have societies combining aspects of pairing with aspects of troop life. The best-known female-bonded societies, those of Lemur catta, Propithecus diadema edwardsi and Propithecus verreauxi, may be assemblages of mother-daughter dyads, capable of high aggression towards other females, but derived from more solitary female ancestors, perhaps also living as pairs. The internal structure of such lemur groups differs from the more extensive kin groups of catarrhines. This in turn may relate to the lemurs' level of social intelligence and to lemur female dominance over males. |
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Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, N.J. 08544, USA. ajolly@princeton.edu |
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0015-5713 |
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PMID:9595685 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4179 |
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Author |
Rudran, R. |
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Title |
Adult male replacement in one-male troops of purple-faced langurs (Presbytis senex senex) and its effect on population structure |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1973 |
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Folia Primatologica; International Journal of Primatology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Folia Primatol (Basel) |
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19 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
166-192 |
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Keywords |
Age Factors; Aggression; Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Female; *Haplorhini; Humans; Leadership; Male; Maternal Behavior; Population Density; Sex Factors; *Social Behavior; Social Dominance |
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0015-5713 |
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PMID:4201908 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4182 |
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Author |
Houpt, K.A.; Wolski, T.R. |
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Stability of equine hierarchies and the prevention of dominance related aggression |
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Journal Article |
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1980 |
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Equine veterinary journal |
Abbreviated Journal |
Equine Vet J |
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12 |
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1 |
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15-18 |
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*Aggression; Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Feeding Behavior; Female; *Hierarchy, Social; *Horses; Humans; Male; Maternal Behavior; *Social Dominance |
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The dominance hierarchy of a herd of 10 Thoroughbred mares was determined twice, at an interval of 18 months, using paired feeding tests. Each mare's rank was correlated significantly between the 2 tests. This indicated that the hierarchy within the herd was stable. The offspring of dominant and subordinate mares were also tested for dominance in their own age groups. The offspring of dominant mares tended to be near the top of the hierarchy while those of middle and low ranking mares were not consistently found in the middle or bottom of their own hierarchies. Paired feeding tests were carried out on 8 ponies. During tests the time that each pony spent eating and the ponies' aggressive interactions were recorded. Two situations were used. Each pony-pair was tested when both ponies were in the same paddock and also when they were separated by a rail fence. The subordinate ponies spent significantly more time eating and the domonant pony was significantly less aggressive, when the pony-pair was separated by a fence than when they were in one paddock. It was concluded that the dominance hierarchies of adult horse groups changed very little over time and that the foals of dominant mares will tend to be dominant in their own age groups. Management practices can be used to reduce aggression and consequent injury that may arise in group feeding situations. |
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0425-1644 |
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PMID:7189148 |
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refbase @ user @ |
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