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Author |
Krueger, K.; Marr, I.; Dobler, A.; Palme, R. |
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Title |
Preservation of fecal glucocorticoid metabolites and immunoglobulin A through silica gel drying for field studies in horses |
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Journal Article |
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2019 |
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Conservation Physiology |
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conphys |
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7 |
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1 |
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Non-invasive methods enable stress evaluation through measuring fecal glucocorticoid metabolites (FGMs), and immunoglobulin A (IgA) in the feces avoiding stressful blood drawing or stressful restraining of animals in the field. However, FGMs and IgA are mostly analysed in freshly frozen samples, which is difficult when fresh samples cannot be frozen immediately or frozen samples cannot be stored or transported. Good results were also derived from air-dried fecal samples, which are hampered by unstable air humidity in the field. These difficulties may be overcome, when drying of samples could be induced with colorless silica gel (SiO2) granules in a secure set-up, such as an air tight tube. We determined the speed of drying 1.5 g of a fresh fecal sample from six horses on air and on silica gel. Furthermore, FGMs and IgA were analysed in differently stored subsamples from 12 horses: in frozen fecal samples, in air- or silica gel-dried samples stored for 1 day and for 7 days, and in wet fecal samples kept in a tube at room temperature for 7 days. FGM levels remained stable in feces dried on air or on silica gel for 7 days, whereas IgA quantities showed a significant loss. Under field conditions, when freezing or transporting the frozen samples is not possible and humidity hampers air drying, drying samples on silica gel in air tight tubes appears to be very helpful and reliable for analysing FGMs. |
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2051-1434 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6594 |
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Byström, A.; Clayton, H.M.; Hernlund, E.; Rhodin, M.; Egenvall, A. |
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Title |
Equestrian and biomechanical perspectives on laterality in the horse |
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2020 |
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Comparative Exercise Physiology |
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Comp. Exerc. Physiol. |
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16 |
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1 |
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35-45 |
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It has been suggested that one of the underlying causes of asymmetrical performance and left/right bias in sound riding horses is laterality originating in the cerebral cortices described in many species. The aim of this paper is to review the published evidence for inherent biomechanical laterality in horses deemed to be clinically sound and relate these findings to descriptions of sidedness in equestrian texts. There are no established criteria to determine if a horse is left or right dominant but the preferred limb has been defined as the forelimb that is more frequently protracted during stance and when grazing. Findings on left-right differences in forelimb hoof shape and front hoof angles have been linked to asymmetric forelimb ground reaction forces. Asymmetries interpreted as motor laterality have been found among foals and unhandled youngsters, and the consistency or extent of asymmetries seems to increase with age. Expressions of laterality also vary with breed, sex, training and handling, stress, and body shape but there are no studies of the possible link between laterality and lameness. In a recent study of a group of seven dressage horses, a movement pattern in many ways similar to descriptions of sidedness in the equestrian literature, e.g. one hind limb being more protracted and placed more laterally than the other, has been documented. The role of innate laterality versus painful conditions, training, human handedness and simply habit remains to be determined. Understanding the biomechanical manifestations of laterality in healthy horses, including individual variation, would yield a potential basis for how laterality should be taken into account in relation to training/riding and rehabilitation of lameness. |
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Wageningen Academic Publishers |
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1755-2540 |
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doi: 10.3920/CEP190022 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6663 |
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Voigtlaender-Schnabel, S.; Vogel, L.; Greiner, B.; Wiezorek, S.; Schuette, P.; Solmsen, E.-H.; Martin; H.; Hempel, E.; Gruentjens, T.; Bathen, M.; Herold, P.; Krueger, K. |
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Reactions of horses to wildlife and livestock guarding dogs |
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Journal Article |
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2022 |
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Carnivore Damage Prevention News |
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CDPNews |
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24 |
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49-58 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6668 |
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Freitas, J.; Lagos, L.; Álvares, F. |
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Title |
Horses as prey of wolves. |
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2021 |
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Carnivore Damage Preventionnews |
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CDPnews |
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23 |
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1-9 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6677 |
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Lagos, L.; Blanco, P. |
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Testing the use of dogs to prevent wolf attackson free ranging ponies in Iberia? |
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2021 |
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Carnivore Damage Prevention News |
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CDPnews |
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23 |
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20-27 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6679 |
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Lagos, L.; Bárcena, F. |
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How to reduce wolf predation on wild ponies in Galicia? |
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2022 |
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Carnivore Damage Prevention News |
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CDPNews |
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24 |
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24-31 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6680 |
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Lema, F.J.; Ribeiro, S.; Palacios, V. |
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Observations of wolves hunting fee-ranging horses in Iberia. |
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2022 |
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Carnivore Damage Prevention News |
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CDPNews |
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24 |
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1-9 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6681 |
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Solmsen, E. - H.; Bathen, M.; Grüntjens, T.; Hempel, E.; Klose, M.; Krüger, K.; Martin, H.; Meyer, A.; Schütte, P.; Vogel, L.; Wiezorek, S.; Wittor, B. |
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Protecting horses against wolves in Germany. |
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2021 |
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Carnivore Damage Prevention News |
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CDPNews |
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23 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6682 |
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Author |
Cozzi, B.; Povinelli, M.; Ballarin, C.; Granato, A. |
![goto web page (via DOI) doi](img/doi.gif)
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Title |
The Brain of the Horse: Weight and Cephalization Quotients |
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Journal Article |
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2014 |
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Brain, Behavior and Evolution |
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Brain Behav Evol |
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83 |
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9-16 |
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The horse is a common domestic animal whose anatomy has been studied since the XVI century. However, a modern neuroanatomy of this species does not exist and most of the data utilized in textbooks and reviews derive from single specimens or relatively old literature. Here, we report information on the brain of Equus caballus obtained by sampling 131 horses, including brain weight (as a whole and subdivided into its constituents), encephalization quotient (EQ), and cerebellar quotient (CQ), and comparisons with what is known about other relevant species. The mean weight of the fresh brains in our experimental series was 598.63 g (SEM ± 7.65), with a mean body weight of 514.12 kg (SEM ± 15.42). The EQ was 0.78 and the CQ was 0.841. The data we obtained indicate that the horse possesses a large, convoluted brain, with a weight similar to that of other hoofed species of like mass. However, the shape of the brain, the noteworthy folding of the neocortex, and the peculiar longitudinal distribution of the gyri suggest an evolutionary specificity at least partially separate from that of the Cetartiodactyla (even-toed mammals and cetaceans) with whom Perissodactyla (odd-toed mammals) are often grouped. |
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0006-8977 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6592 |
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Author |
Bandini , E.; Motes-Rodrigo, A.; Steele, M.P.; Rutz, C.; Tennie, C. |
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Title |
Examining the mechanisms underlying the acquisition of animal tool behaviour |
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Journal Article |
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2020 |
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Biology Letters |
Abbreviated Journal ![sorted by Abbreviated Journal field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
Biol. Lett. |
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16 |
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2020122 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6660 |
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