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Author | Houpt, K.A.; Wolski, T.R. | ||||
Title | Stability of equine hierarchies and the prevention of dominance related aggression | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1980 | Publication | Equine veterinary journal | Abbreviated Journal | Equine Vet J |
Volume | 12 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 15-18 |
Keywords | *Aggression; Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Feeding Behavior; Female; *Hierarchy, Social; *Horses; Humans; Male; Maternal Behavior; *Social Dominance | ||||
Abstract | The dominance hierarchy of a herd of 10 Thoroughbred mares was determined twice, at an interval of 18 months, using paired feeding tests. Each mare's rank was correlated significantly between the 2 tests. This indicated that the hierarchy within the herd was stable. The offspring of dominant and subordinate mares were also tested for dominance in their own age groups. The offspring of dominant mares tended to be near the top of the hierarchy while those of middle and low ranking mares were not consistently found in the middle or bottom of their own hierarchies. Paired feeding tests were carried out on 8 ponies. During tests the time that each pony spent eating and the ponies' aggressive interactions were recorded. Two situations were used. Each pony-pair was tested when both ponies were in the same paddock and also when they were separated by a rail fence. The subordinate ponies spent significantly more time eating and the domonant pony was significantly less aggressive, when the pony-pair was separated by a fence than when they were in one paddock. It was concluded that the dominance hierarchies of adult horse groups changed very little over time and that the foals of dominant mares will tend to be dominant in their own age groups. Management practices can be used to reduce aggression and consequent injury that may arise in group feeding situations. | ||||
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Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 0425-1644 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | PMID:7189148 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 59 | ||
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Author | Collery, L. | ||||
Title | Observations of equine animals under farm and feral conditions | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1974 | Publication | Equine veterinary journal | Abbreviated Journal | Equine Vet J |
Volume | 6 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 170-173 |
Keywords | Aggression; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Breeding; Circadian Rhythm; Feeding Behavior; Female; Horses/*physiology; Housing, Animal; Humans; Male; Pregnancy; Puberty; Reproduction; Sexual Behavior, Animal; Social Dominance | ||||
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Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 0425-1644 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | PMID:4473340 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 680 | ||
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Author | Meral, Y.; Cakiroglu, D.; Sancak, A.A.; Cyftcy, G.; Karabacak, A. | ||||
Title | Relationships between serum serotonin and serum lipid levels, and aggression in horses | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2007 | Publication | DTW. Deutsche Tierarztliche Wochenschrift | Abbreviated Journal | Dtsch Tierarztl Wochenschr |
Volume | 114 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 30-32 |
Keywords | *Aggression; Animals; Behavior, Animal/*physiology; Case-Control Studies; Female; Horses/*blood; Lipids/*blood; Male; Serotonin/*blood | ||||
Abstract | Levels of serum serotonin and serum lipids--triglyceride, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein and very low-density lipoprotein, were determined in normal horses and horses diagnosed with aggression on the basis of a questionnaire survey. Blood serotonin levels in aggressive horses were found to be significantly lower than in non-aggressive horses (P < 0.01), but no association was found with respect to blood lipids. | ||||
Address | Department of Internal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ondokuz Mayis, Samsun, Turkey. ymeral@omu.edu.t | ||||
Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 0341-6593 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | PMID:17252934 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | Serial | 1835 | |||
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Author | Houpt, K.A. | ||||
Title | Animal behavior as a subject for veterinary students | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1976 | Publication | The Cornell veterinarian | Abbreviated Journal | Cornell Vet |
Volume | 66 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 73-81 |
Keywords | Aggression; Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Cats; Chickens; Dogs; Education, Veterinary; Goats; Horses; Humans; Maternal Behavior; Mice; New York; Sexual Behavior, Animal; Sheep; Sleep; Social Behavior; Social Dominance; Swine | ||||
Abstract | Knowledge of animal behavior is an important asset for the veterinarian; therefore a course in veterinary animal behavior is offered at the New York State College of Veterinary Medicine as an elective. The course emphasizes the behavior of those species of most interest to the practicing veterinarian: cats, dogs, horses, cows, pigs and sheep. Dominance heirarchies, animal communication, aggressive behavior, sexual behavior and maternal behavior are discussed. Play, learning, diurnal cycles of activity and sleep, and controls of ingestive behavior are also considered. Exotic and zoo animal behaviors are also presented by experts in these fields. The critical periods of canine development are related to the optimum management of puppies. The behavior of feral dogs and horses is described. The role of the veterinarian in preventing cruelty to animals and recognition of pain in animals is emphasized. Whenever possible behavior is observed in the laboratory or on film. | ||||
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Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 0010-8901 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | PMID:767053 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 61 | ||
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Author | de Waal, F.B.; Johanowicz, D.L. | ||||
Title | Modification of reconciliation behavior through social experience: an experiment with two macaque species | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1993 | Publication | Child development | Abbreviated Journal | Child Dev |
Volume | 64 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 897-908 |
Keywords | Aggression; Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Female; Grooming; *Macaca; *Macaca mulatta; Male; Play and Playthings; *Socialization; Vocalization, Animal | ||||
Abstract | Reconciliation, defined as a friendly reunion between former opponents shortly after an aggressive encounter, is common in the stumptail macaque (Macaca arctoides) but rare in the rhesus macaque (M. mulatta). Juveniles of the two species were cohoused for 5 months, after which they were observed with conspecifics only. Control rhesus monkeys, matched in age and sex to the experimental subjects, went through the same procedure without exposure to the other species. A threefold increase in the proportion of reconciled fights was measured in the rhesus subjects. The difference emerged gradually during cohousing with the tutor species and was sustained following removal of this species. Other behavior, such as grooming and aggression, decreased over time. It is suggested that the social attitude of the subjects was affected through contact with a species characterized by a more relaxed dominance style. | ||||
Address | Wisconsin Regional Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison | ||||
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Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 0009-3920 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | PMID:8339702 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 209 | ||
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Author | Rogers, L.J. | ||||
Title | Evolution of hemispheric specialization: advantages and disadvantages | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2000 | Publication | Brain and Language | Abbreviated Journal | Brain Lang |
Volume | 73 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 236-253 |
Keywords | Aggression/psychology; Animals; Behavior, Animal/physiology; Brain/*physiology; Chickens/physiology; *Evolution; Feeding Behavior/physiology; Functional Laterality/*physiology; Visual Fields/physiology; Visual Perception/physiology | ||||
Abstract | Lateralization of the brain appeared early in evolution and many of its features appear to have been retained, possibly even in humans. We now have a considerable amount of information on the different forms of lateralization in a number of species, and the commonalities of these are discussed, but there has been relatively little investigation of the advantages of being lateralized. This article reports new findings on the differences between lateralized and nonlateralized chicks. The lateralized chicks were exposed to light for 24 h on day 19 of incubation, a treatment known to lead to lateralization of a number of visually guided responses, and the nonlateralized chicks were incubated in the dark. When they were feeding, the lateralized chicks were found to detect a stimulus resembling a raptor with shorter latency than nonlateralized chicks. This difference was not a nonspecific effect caused by the light-exposed chicks being more distressed by the stimulus. Instead, it appears to be a genuine advantage conferred by having a lateralized brain. It is suggested that having a lateralized brain allows dual attention to the tasks of feeding (right eye and left hemisphere) and vigilance for predators (left eye and right hemisphere). Nonlateralized chicks appear to perform these dual tasks less efficiently than lateralized ones. Reference is made to other species in discussing these results. | ||||
Address | Division of Zoology, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia. lrogers@metz.une.edu.au | ||||
Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 0093-934X | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | PMID:10856176 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4621 | ||
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Author | Nicol, C.J.; Potzsch, C.; Lewis, K.; Green, L.E. | ||||
Title | Matched concurrent case-control study of risk factors for feather pecking in hens on free-range commercial farms in the UK | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2003 | Publication | British poultry science | Abbreviated Journal | Br Poult Sci |
Volume | 44 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 515-523 |
Keywords | *Aggression; Analysis of Variance; Animal Husbandry/methods; Animals; Case-Control Studies; Chickens/*physiology; Feathers; Female; Multivariate Analysis; Odds Ratio; Regression Analysis; Species Specificity | ||||
Abstract | 1. The aim of the study was to compare the management and husbandry of free-range flocks in the UK where feather pecking was either present (case) or absent (control). 2. One hundred flocks were enrolled into a concurrent case-control study: 50 where birds had recently started feather pecking, and 50 matched control flocks where birds of the same age had not started feather pecking. 3. Information was obtained from a detailed interview with the flock manager, and by direct inspection of the flock, house and range. 4. Initial univariate analyses revealed that case flocks were more likely to comprise ISA Brown than Lohmann, were more likely to be restricted from litter areas to prevent floor eggs, and were less likely to use the outside range. 5. Cluster analysis indicated that feather pecking was not associated with any particular husbandry system. 6. The only influential risk factor significant in the multivariable conditional logistic regression analysis was use of the outdoor range. The risk of feather pecking was reduced 9-fold in flocks where more than 20% of birds used the range on sunny days (odds ratio = 0.12). Use of the range was positively associated with the presence of trees and/or hedges on the range. | ||||
Address | Department of Clinical Veterinary Science, University of Bristol, England. c.j.nicol@bris.ac.uk | ||||
Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 0007-1668 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | PMID:14584840 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 79 | ||
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Author | Albentosa, M.J.; Kjaer, J.B.; Nicol, C.J. | ||||
Title | Strain and age differences in behaviour, fear response and pecking tendency in laying hens | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2003 | Publication | British poultry science | Abbreviated Journal | Br Poult Sci |
Volume | 44 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 333-344 |
Keywords | Age Factors; Aggression/*physiology; Animal Husbandry; Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Breeding; Chickens/genetics/*physiology; Fear/*physiology; Feathers/*injuries; Female; Housing, Animal; Population Density; Social Behavior | ||||
Abstract | 1. Behaviours associated with a high or low tendency to feather peck could be used as predictors of feather pecking behaviour in selective breeding programmes. This study investigated how strain and age at testing influenced responses in behavioural tests. 2. Four layer-type strains (ISA Brown, Columbian Blacktail, Ixworth and a high feather pecking (HP) and a low feather pecking (LP) line of White Leghorn) were reared in 6 same-strain/line pens of 8 birds from one day old. Birds in half the pens were given an open field test, a novel object test and a test with loose feather bundles between 4 and 12 weeks of age and a tonic immobility (TI) test at 13 weeks of age. All pens were tested with fixed feather bundles at 26 weeks, and undisturbed behaviour in the home pens was videoed at 1 and 27 weeks of age. Daily records of plumage damage were used as an indicator of feather pecking activity in the home pens. 3. Strain did not influence novel object test, open field test or loose feather test behaviour, although age effects in all three tests indicated a reduction in fearfulness and/or an increase in exploratory behaviour with increasing age. 4. White Leghorns showed longer TI durations than the other strains but less pecking at fixed feather bundles than ISA Browns and Columbian Blacktails. 5. There were few associations between behaviour in the 5 different tests, indicating that birds did not have overall behavioural traits that were consistent across different contexts. This suggests hens cannot easily be categorised into different behavioural 'types', based on their test responses and casts doubt on the usefulness of tests as predictors of feather pecking. | ||||
Address | Centre for Behavioural Biology, Division of Farm Animal Science, University of Bristol, Langford, Bristol, England. MAlbentosa@lincoln.ac.uk | ||||
Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 0007-1668 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | PMID:13677322 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 80 | ||
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Author | Dreier, S.; van Zweden, J.S.; D'Ettorre, P. | ||||
Title | Long-term memory of individual identity in ant queens | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2007 | Publication | Biology Letters | Abbreviated Journal | Biol Lett |
Volume | 3 | Issue | 5 | Pages | 459-462 |
Keywords | Aggression; Animals; Ants/*physiology; Conditioning, Operant; Evolution; Female; *Memory; *Recognition (Psychology); Social Dominance | ||||
Abstract | Remembering individual identities is part of our own everyday social life. Surprisingly, this ability has recently been shown in two social insects. While paper wasps recognize each other individually through their facial markings, the ant, Pachycondyla villosa, uses chemical cues. In both species, individual recognition is adaptive since it facilitates the maintenance of stable dominance hierarchies among individuals, and thus reduces the cost of conflict within these small societies. Here, we investigated individual recognition in Pachycondyla ants by quantifying the level of aggression between pairs of familiar or unfamiliar queens over time. We show that unrelated founding queens of P. villosa and Pachycondyla inversa store information on the individual identity of other queens and can retrieve it from memory after 24h of separation. Thus, we have documented for the first time that long-term memory of individual identity is present and functional in ants. This novel finding represents an advance in our understanding of the mechanism determining the evolution of cooperation among unrelated individuals. | ||||
Address | Institute of Biology, Department of Population Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. sdreier@bi.ku.dk | ||||
Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 1744-9561 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | PMID:17594958 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4649 | ||
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Author | Hemelrijk,C. K.; Wantia,J.; Gygax,L. | ||||
Title | The construction of dominance order: comparing performance of five methods using an individual-based model | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2005 | Publication | Behaviour | Abbreviated Journal | Behaviour |
Volume | 142 | Issue | 8 | Pages | 1043-1064 |
Keywords | dominance order, ranking method, agent-based model, statistical method, aggression | ||||
Abstract | In studies of animal behaviour investigators correlate dominance with all kinds of behavioural variables, such as reproductive success and foraging success. Many methods are used to produce a dominance hierarchy from a matrix reflecting the frequency of winning dominance interactions. These different methods produce different hierarchies. However, it is difficult to decide which ranking method is best. In this paper, we offer a new procedure for this decision: we use an individual-based model, called DomWorld, as a test-environment. We choose this model, because it provides access to both the internal dominance values of artificial agents (which reflects their fighting power) and the matrix of winning and losing among them and, in addition, because its behavioural rules are biologically inspired and its group-level patterns resemble those of real primates. We compare statistically the dominance hierarchy based on the internal dominance values of the artificial agents with the dominance hierarchy produced by ranking individuals by (a) their total frequency of winning, (b) their average dominance index, (c) a refined dominance index, the David`s score, (d) the number of subordinates each individual has and (e) a ranking method based on maximizing the linear order of the hierarchy. Because dominance hierarchies may differ depending on group size, type of society, and the interval of study, we compare these ranking methods for these conditions.We study complete samples as well as samples randomly chosen to resemble the limitations of observing real animals. It appears that two methods of medium complexity (the average dominance index and David`s score) lead to hierarchical orders that come closest to the hierarchy based on internal dominance values of the agents. We advocate usage of the average dominance index, because of its computational simplicity. |
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 445 | ||
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