| Records |
| Author |
de Waal, F.B. |
| Title |
Food transfers through mesh in brown capuchins |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1997 |
Publication |
Journal of comparative psychology (Washington, D.C. : 1983) |
Abbreviated Journal  |
J Comp Psychol |
| Volume |
111 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
370-378 |
| Keywords |
Animals; Cebus/*psychology; *Feeding Behavior; Female; Food Preferences/psychology; Male; *Motivation; Sex Factors; *Social Behavior; Social Environment |
| Abstract |
Capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella) share food even if their partner is behind a mesh restraint. Pairs of adult capuchins were moved into a test chamber in which 1 monkey received cucumber pieces for 20 min and the other received apple slices during the following 20 min. Tolerant transfers of food occurred reciprocally among females: The rate of transfer from Female B to A in the second test phase varied with the rate from Female A to B in the first test phase. Several social mechanisms may explain this reciprocity. Whereas this study does not contradict cognitively complex explanations (e.g., mental record keeping of given and received food), the results are consistent with a rather simple explanation: that food sharing reflects a combination of affiliative tendency and high tolerance. The study suggests that sharing mechanisms may be different for adult male capuchins, with males sharing food more readily and less discriminatingly than females. |
| Address |
Yerkes Primate Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30329, USA. dewaal@emory.edu |
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English |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0735-7036 |
ISBN |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
PMID:9419882 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
198 |
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| Author |
de Waal, F.B. |
| Title |
Macaque social culture: development and perpetuation of affiliative networks |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1996 |
Publication |
Journal of comparative psychology (Washington, D.C. : 1983) |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Comp Psychol |
| Volume |
110 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
147-154 |
| Keywords |
Animals; Dominance-Subordination; Female; Macaca mulatta/*psychology; Male; Maternal Behavior; *Peer Group; Sexual Behavior, Animal; *Social Behavior; Social Distance; *Social Environment |
| Abstract |
Maternal affiliative relations may be transmitted to offspring, similar to the way in which maternal rank determines offspring rank. The development of 23 captive female rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) was followed from the day of birth until adulthood. A multivariate analysis compared relations among age peers with affiliative relations, kinship, and rank distance among mothers. Maternal relations were an excellent predictor of affiliative relations among daughters, explaining up to 64% of the variance. Much of this predictability was due to the effect of kinship. However, after this variable had been controlled, significant predictability persisted. For relations of female subjects with male peers, on the other hand, maternal relations had no significant predictive value beyond the effect of kinship. One possible explanation of these results is that young rhesus females copy maternal social preferences through a process of cultural learning. |
| Address |
Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA. dewaal@rmy.emory.edu |
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English |
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| ISSN |
0735-7036 |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
PMID:8681528 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
204 |
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| Author |
Cheney, D.L.; Seyfarth, R.M.; Silk, J.B. |
| Title |
The responses of female baboons (Papio cynocephalus ursinus) to anomalous social interactions: evidence for causal reasoning? |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1995 |
Publication |
Journal of comparative psychology (Washington, D.C. : 1983) |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Comp Psychol |
| Volume |
109 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
134-141 |
| Keywords |
Animals; Attention; Auditory Perception; *Awareness; *Concept Formation; *Dominance-Subordination; Fear; Female; Hierarchy, Social; Papio/*psychology; *Social Behavior; Social Environment; Vocalization, Animal |
| Abstract |
Baboons' (Papio cynocephalus ursinus) understanding of cause-effect relations in the context of social interactions was examined through use of a playback experiment. Under natural conditions, dominant female baboons often grunt to more subordinate mothers when interacting with their infants. Mothers occasionally respond to these grunts by uttering submissive fear barks. Subjects were played causally inconsistent call sequences in which a lower ranking female apparently grunted to a higher ranking female, and the higher ranking female apparently responded with fear barks. As a control, subjects heard a sequence made causally consistent by the inclusion of grunts from a 3rd female that was dominant to both of the others. Subjects responded significantly more strongly to the causally inconsistent sequences, suggesting that they recognized the factors that cause 1 individual to give submissive vocalizations to another. |
| Address |
Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104, USA |
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English |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0735-7036 |
ISBN |
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| Notes |
PMID:7758289 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
348 |
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| Author |
Soproni, K.; Miklósi, A.; Topál, J.; Csányi, V. |
| Title |
Comprehension of human communicative signs in pet dogs (Canis familiaris) |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2001 |
Publication |
Journal of Comparative Psychology (Washington, D.C. : 1983) |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Comp Psychol |
| Volume |
115 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
122-126 |
| Keywords |
Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Choice Behavior; Dogs/*psychology; Female; Humans; Male; Nonverbal Communication/*psychology; *Recognition (Psychology); *Social Behavior |
| Abstract |
On the basis of a study by D. J. Povinelli, D. T. Bierschwale, and C. G. Cech (1999), the performance of family dogs (Canis familiaris) was examined in a 2-way food choice task in which 4 types of directional cues were given by the experimenter: pointing and gazing, head-nodding (“at target”), head turning above the correct container (“above target”), and glancing only (“eyes only”). The results showed that the performance of the dogs resembled more closely that of the children in D. J. Povinelli et al.'s study, in contrast to the chimpanzees' performance in the same study. It seems that dogs, like children, interpret the test situation as being a form of communication. The hypothesis is that this similarity is attributable to the social experience and acquired social routines in dogs because they spend more time in close contact with humans than apes do, and as a result dogs are probably more experienced in the recognition of human gestures. |
| Address |
Department of Ethology, Budapest, Hungary. lavina@ludens.elte.hu |
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English |
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| ISSN |
0735-7036 |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
PMID:11459158 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4963 |
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| Author |
Kralj-Fiser, S.; Scheiber, I.B.R.; Blejec, A.; Moestl, E.; Kotrschal, K. |
| Title |
Individualities in a flock of free-roaming greylag geese: behavioral and physiological consistency over time and across situations |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2007 |
Publication |
Hormones and Behavior |
Abbreviated Journal |
Horm Behav |
| Volume |
51 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
239-248 |
| Keywords |
Animals; Behavior, Animal/*physiology; Corticosterone/metabolism; Feces; Female; Geese/*physiology; Individuality; Male; Personality/*physiology; Population Density; Reproducibility of Results; Seasons; *Social Behavior; Social Environment; Testosterone/*metabolism |
| Abstract |
The concept of personality implies individual differences in behavior and physiology that show some degree of repeatability/consistency over time and across contexts. Most studies of animal personality, particularly studies of individuals' variation in physiological mechanisms, have been conducted on selected individuals in controlled conditions. We attempted to detect consistent behaviors as well as physiological patterns in greylag ganders (Anser anser) from a free-roaming flock living in semi-natural conditions. We tested 10 individuals repeatedly, in a handling trial, resembling tests for characterization of “temperaments” in captive animals. We recorded the behavior of the same 10 individuals during four situations in the socially intact flock: (1) a “low density feeding condition”, (2) a “high density feeding condition”, (3) a “low density post-feeding situation” and (4) while the geese rested. We collected fecal samples for determination of excreted immuno-reactive corticosterone (BM) and testosterone metabolites (TM) after handling trials, as well as the “low density feeding” and the “high density feeding” conditions. BM levels were very highly consistent over the repeats of handling trials, and the “low density feeding condition” and tended to be consistent over the first two repeats of the “high density feeding condition”. Also, BM responses tended to be consistent across contexts. Despite seasonal variation, there tended to be inter-test consistency of TM, which pointed to some individual differences in TM as well. Aggressiveness turned out to be a highly repeatable trait, which was consistent across social situations, and tended to correlate with an individual's resistance during handling trials. Also, “proximity to the female partner” and “sociability” – the average number of neighboring geese in a close distance while resting – were consistent. We conclude that aggressiveness, “affiliative tendencies” and levels of excreted corticosterone and testosterone metabolites may be crucial factors of personality in geese. |
| Address |
University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical faculty, Slovenia. simona.kralj@guest.arnes.si |
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English |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0018-506X |
ISBN |
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| Notes |
PMID:17196200 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4189 |
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| Author |
Dzieweczynski, T.L.; Eklund, A.C.; Rowland, W.J. |
| Title |
Male 11-ketotestosterone levels change as a result of being watched in Siamese fighting fish, Betta splendens |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2006 |
Publication |
General and comparative endocrinology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Gen Comp Endocrinol |
| Volume |
147 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
184-189 |
| Keywords |
Aggression; Animals; Female; Fishes/*blood; Male; Nesting Behavior; *Social Behavior; Social Environment; Testosterone/*analogs & derivatives/blood |
| Abstract |
This study investigated the effects of nesting status and the presence of an audience on 11-ketotestosterone (11KT) levels in male Siamese fighting fish, Betta splendens. Prior studies have demonstrated that both nesting status, an indicator of territory-holding power and reproductive state, and the sex of a conspecific audience lead to differences in male behavior during aggressive encounters. Since behavioral changes have already been demonstrated, we chose to investigate whether 11KT levels were also influenced by nesting status and audience presence as 11KT both stimulates, and is stimulated by, reproductive and aggressive behaviors in male teleosts. Male 11KT levels were measured from water samples taken from containers holding fish both before and after interaction. Males interacted under three treatment conditions: no audience, female audience, and male audience. Within these treatments were two nest paradigms: both males had nests or neither male had a nest. 11KT levels varied depending on nesting status and audience type. In general, 11KT levels were lower in interacting males when a female audience was present or when males had nests. Overall, 11KT showed increases or decreases as aggression increased or decreased, as shown by already established behavioral findings [see Dzieweczynski T.L., Green T.M., Earley R.L., Rowland W.J., 2005. Audience effect is context dependent in Siamese fighting fish, Betta splendens. Behav. Ecol. 16, 1025-1030; Doutrelant, C., McGregor, P.K., Oliveira, R.F., 2001. Effect of an audience on intrasexual communication in male Siamese fighting fish (Betta splendens). Behav. Ecol. 12, 283-286.]. Our results suggest that 11KT levels are influenced by reproductive status, as indicated by nest ownership, and audience presence and are most likely modulated by territorial behavior and social environment. |
| Address |
Department of Psychology, University of New England, Biddeford, ME 04005, USA. tdzieweczynski@une.edu |
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English |
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0016-6480 |
ISBN |
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| Notes |
PMID:16473353 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
502 |
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| Author |
Judge, P.G.; de Waal, F.B. |
| Title |
Intergroup grooming relations between alpha females in a population of free-ranging rhesus macaques |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1994 |
Publication |
Folia primatologica; international journal of primatology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Folia Primatol (Basel) |
| Volume |
63 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
63-70 |
| Keywords |
Animals; Animals, Wild; Female; *Grooming; Macaca mulatta/*psychology; Male; Population Density; *Social Behavior |
| Abstract |
Intergroup affiliation among female rhesus macaques, Macaca mulatta, was examined in the captive free-ranging colony of Morgan Island, S.C., USA. The provisioned colony has many social groups (35) and is maintained at a relatively high population density (21 animals/ha) with a relatively low adult male to female ratio (1:8.8). Focal and ad libitum samples were collected on 32 adults (3 males and 29 females) from two groups. Although infrequent, grooming was observed between adult females from different groups, and alpha females were the main participants in these interactions. Colony records indicated that none of the intergroup grooms was between females formerly from a common group. Relations between familiar neighboring groups may be maintained by a combination of both affiliative and aggressive behavior. |
| Address |
Yerkes Regional Primate Research Center, Lawrenceville, Ga 30243 |
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English |
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0015-5713 |
ISBN |
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| Notes |
PMID:7813977 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
208 |
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| Author |
Alexander, B.K.; Bowers, J.M. |
| Title |
Social organization of a troop of Japanese monkeys in a two-acre enclosure |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1969 |
Publication |
Folia Primatologica; International Journal of Primatology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Folia Primatol (Basel) |
| Volume |
10 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
230-242 |
| Keywords |
Animals; *Behavior, Animal; *Haplorhini; Leadership; *Social Behavior |
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0015-5713 |
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| Notes |
PMID:4976202 |
Approved |
no |
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Serial |
2055 |
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| Author |
Marchal, P.; Anderson, J.R. |
| Title |
Mirror-image responses in capuchin monkeys (Cebus capucinus): social responses and use of reflected environmental information |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
1993 |
Publication |
Folia Primatologica; International Journal of Primatology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Folia Primatol (Basel) |
| Volume |
61 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
165-173 |
| Keywords |
Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Cebus/*psychology; *Cognition; Female; Male; Self Concept; Sex Factors; *Social Behavior |
| Abstract |
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| Address |
Laboratoire de Psychophysiologie (CNRS URA 1295), Universite Louis-Pasteur, Strasbourg, France |
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English |
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0015-5713 |
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| Notes |
PMID:8206423 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4180 |
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| Author |
Rudran, R. |
| Title |
Adult male replacement in one-male troops of purple-faced langurs (Presbytis senex senex) and its effect on population structure |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1973 |
Publication |
Folia Primatologica; International Journal of Primatology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Folia Primatol (Basel) |
| Volume |
19 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
166-192 |
| Keywords |
Age Factors; Aggression; Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Female; *Haplorhini; Humans; Leadership; Male; Maternal Behavior; Population Density; Sex Factors; *Social Behavior; Social Dominance |
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0015-5713 |
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| Notes |
PMID:4201908 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4182 |
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