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Rzasnicki A,. (1939). Ein Maulesel im Warschauer Zoo. Zool. Garten., 10; 202, 207.
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Schäfer E,. (1937). Zur Kenntnis des Kiang (Equus Kiang Moorcraft). Zool. Garten., 9, 122–139.
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Schneider M Py -1934,. (). Das Flehmen, I und V. Zool. Garten., 3, 183–198;.
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Schwarz E,. (1929). Ein südpersischer Wildesel im Berliner Zoologischen Garten. Zool. Garten., 2, 85–94.
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Wüst G,. (1976). Geburt und perinatales Verhalten beim Steppenzebra. Zool. Garten., N.F. Jena 46, 305–352.
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Zharkikh, T. L., & Andersen, L. (2009). Behaviour of Bachelor Males of the Przewalski Horse (Equus ferus przewalskii) at the Reserve Askania Nova. Zoologische Garten, 78(5-6), 282–299.
Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate social relationships between Przewalski horses at a high density in a bachelor group housed in a 3.5-ha enclosure. The group consisted of 16 males aged 5 to 16. Behavioural data were collected during 18 days, total 216 h. Fifteen minute focal animal sampling was used; each horse was observed three times a day for a total of 45 min. The occurrence of 25 behaviours was recorded, and group spacing behaviour was studied using nearest neighbour recordings. The group divided into four subgroups; this supports earlier findings of bachelor groups (n>=10) dividing into two or more subgroups if they included several males aged >5 years. The total frequency of social interactions was 14.6±1.1 h-1. Although the density of the group in this study was higher than in other zoos, the males interacted agonistically only 3.6 h-1. The most frequently observed social behaviour categories were friendly interactions. This study shows possibilities to use some investigative behaviours (marking, flehmen, olfactory investigation, etc.) as indicators of social status of animals in a group.
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