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| Author | Whiten, A.; Horner, V.; de Waal, F.B.M. | ||||
| Title | Conformity to cultural norms of tool use in chimpanzees | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2005 | Publication | Nature | Abbreviated Journal  |
Nature |
| Volume | 437 | Issue | 7059 | Pages | 737-740 |
| Keywords | Aging/physiology; Animals; Culture; Feeding Behavior/physiology; Female; Pan troglodytes/*physiology/*psychology; *Social Conformity; Technology; Time Factors | ||||
| Abstract | Rich circumstantial evidence suggests that the extensive behavioural diversity recorded in wild great apes reflects a complexity of cultural variation unmatched by species other than our own. However, the capacity for cultural transmission assumed by this interpretation has remained difficult to test rigorously in the field, where the scope for controlled experimentation is limited. Here we show that experimentally introduced technologies will spread within different ape communities. Unobserved by group mates, we first trained a high-ranking female from each of two groups of captive chimpanzees to adopt one of two different tool-use techniques for obtaining food from the same 'Pan-pipe' apparatus, then re-introduced each female to her respective group. All but two of 32 chimpanzees mastered the new technique under the influence of their local expert, whereas none did so in a third population lacking an expert. Most chimpanzees adopted the method seeded in their group, and these traditions continued to diverge over time. A subset of chimpanzees that discovered the alternative method nevertheless went on to match the predominant approach of their companions, showing a conformity bias that is regarded as a hallmark of human culture. | ||||
| Address | Centre for Social Learning and Cognitive Evolution, School of Psychology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9JP, UK. a.whiten@st-and.ac.uk | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | 1476-4687 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:16113685 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 163 | ||
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| Author | Whiten, A. | ||||
| Title | The second inheritance system of chimpanzees and humans | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2005 | Publication | Nature | Abbreviated Journal |
Nature |
| Volume | 437 | Issue | 7055 | Pages | 52-55 |
| Keywords | Animals; Animals, Wild/physiology/psychology; Behavior, Animal/*physiology; *Culture; Female; Humans; Imitative Behavior; Learning/*physiology; Pan troglodytes/*physiology/psychology; *Social Behavior; Technology | ||||
| Abstract | Half a century of dedicated field research has brought us from ignorance of our closest relatives to the discovery that chimpanzee communities resemble human cultures in possessing suites of local traditions that uniquely identify them. The collaborative effort required to establish this picture parallels the one set up to sequence the chimpanzee genome, and has revealed a complex social inheritance system that complements the genetic picture we are now developing. | ||||
| Address | Centre for Social Learning and Cognitive Evolution, and Scottish Primate Research Group, School of Psychology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9JP, UK. a.whiten@st-and.ac.uk | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | 1476-4687 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:16136127 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 730 | ||
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| Author | Couzin, I.D.; Krause, J.; Franks, N.R.; Levin, S.A. | ||||
| Title | Effective leadership and decision-making in animal groups on the move | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2005 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal |
Nature | |
| Volume | 433 | Issue | 7025 | Pages | 513-516 |
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0028-0836 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | 10.1038/nature03236 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4827 | ||
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| Author | Traversa, D.; Otranto, D.; Iorio, R.; Giangaspero, A. | ||||
| Title | Molecular characterization of Thelazia lacrymalis (Nematoda, Spirurida) affecting equids: a tool for vector identification | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2005 | Publication | Molecular and Cellular Probes | Abbreviated Journal |
Mol Cell Probes |
| Volume | 19 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 245-249 |
| Keywords | Animals; Horse Diseases/parasitology; Horses/*parasitology; Insect Vectors/*parasitology; Muscidae/*parasitology; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; Spirurida Infections/parasitology/veterinary; Thelazioidea/chemistry/*genetics | ||||
| Abstract | Equine thelaziosis caused by the eyeworm Thelazia lacrymalis is a parasitic disease transmitted by muscid flies. Although equine thelaziosis is known to have worldwide distribution, information on the epidemiology and presence of the intermediate hosts of T. lacrymalis is lacking. In the present work, a PCR-RFLP based assay on the first and/or second internal transcribed spacer (ITS1 and ITS2) of ribosomal DNA was developed for the detection of T. lacrymalis DNA in its putative vector(s). The sensitivity of the technique was also assessed. The restriction patterns obtained readily differentiated T. lacrymalis from four species of Musca (Diptera, Muscidae) (i.e. Musca autumnalis, Musca domestica, Musca larvipara and Musca osiris), which are potential vectors of equine eyeworms. The molecular assay presented herein is a useful tool to identify the intermediate host(s) of T. lacrymalis in natural conditions and to study its/their ecology and epidemiology. | ||||
| Address | Department of Biomedical Comparative Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Piazza Aldo Moro 45, 64100 Teramo, Italy. dtraversa@unite.it | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0890-8508 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:16038792 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2626 | ||
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| Author | Huebener, E. | ||||
| Title | Solving the Riddle of the Rider's Seat (Working title: Making the Rider Really “Sit”) | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2005 | Publication | Mecklenburger Pferde Journal | Abbreviated Journal |
Mecl. Pferde J. |
| Volume | 3 | Issue | Pages | ||
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| Abstract | The movements of the horse's back and trunk can be deducted from the foot sequences of the horse's basic paces. This knowledge builds a solid foundation in the schooling of the rider's seat. The decisive aspects of these movements are described here. Some basics (mostly well-known) in the schooling of the rider's seat are graded here. More recent findings from observing the horse's back and trunk movements and their consequence for the rider's seat can easily be explained in three points. These points will be enhanced by graphic explanations of the principle as a whole |
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| Notes | Approved | yes | |||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 435 | ||
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| Author | Huebener, E. | ||||
| Title | Das Sitzrätsel lösen (Arbeitstitel: So kann der Reiter wirklich “sitzen”!); | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2005 | Publication | Mecklenburger Pferde Journal | Abbreviated Journal |
Mecl. Pf.erde J. |
| Volume | 3 | Issue | Pages | 50-51 | |
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| Abstract | Zusammenfassung Die Bewegungen des Pferderückens und des Pferderumpfes sind aus den Fußfolgen der Grundgangarten ableitbar. Damit gewinnt Sitzschulung ein solides Fundament. Die entscheidenden Merkmale dieser Bewegungen sind hier erläutert. Einige überwiegend altbekannte Grundlagen der Sitzschulung werden bewertet. Was sich aus neueren Erkenntnissen zu den Bewegungen des Pferderückens und des Pferderumpfes für den Sitz des Reiters ergibt, ist in drei Punkten leichtverständlich erklärt. Prinzipdarstellungen unterstützten dies. |
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| Language | German | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Notes | Approved | yes | |||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 422 | ||
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| Author | Cooper, J.J.; Albentosa, M.J. | ||||
| Title | Behavioural adaptation in the domestic horse: potential role of apparently abnormal responses including stereotypic behaviour | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2005 | Publication | Livestock Production Science | Abbreviated Journal |
Livest. Prod. Sci. |
| Volume | 92 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 177-182 |
| Keywords | Behavioural adaptation; Horse; Stereotypic behaviour | ||||
| Abstract | Classically, biologists have considered adaptation of behavioural characteristics in terms of long-term functional benefits to the individual, such as survival or reproductive fitness. In captive species, including the domestic horse, this level of explanation is limited, as for the most part, horses are housed in conditions that differ markedly from those in which they evolved. In addition, an individual horse's reproductive fitness is largely determined by man rather than its own behavioural strategies. Perhaps for reasons of this kind, explanations of behavioural adaptation to environmental challenges by domestic animals, including the capacity to learn new responses to these challenges, tend to concentrate on the proximate causes of behaviour. However, understanding the original function of these adaptive responses can help us explain why animals perform apparently novel or functionless activities in certain housing conditions and may help us to appreciate what the animal welfare implications might be. This paper reviews the behavioural adaptation of the domestic horse to captivity and discusses how apparently abnormal behaviour may not only provide a useful practical indicator of specific environmental deficiencies but may also serve the animal as an adaptive response to these deficiencies in an “abnormal” environment. | ||||
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| ISSN | 0301-6226 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4829 | ||
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| Author | Gibson, B.M.; Juricevic, I.; Shettleworth, S.J.; Pratt, J.; Klein, R.M. | ||||
| Title | Looking for inhibition of return in pigeons | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2005 | Publication | Learning & behavior : a Psychonomic Society publication | Abbreviated Journal |
Learn Behav |
| Volume | 33 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 296-308 |
| Keywords | Animals; Behavior, Animal/*physiology; Columbidae; *Inhibition (Psychology); Reinforcement (Psychology) | ||||
| Abstract | We conducted four experiments in order to investigate whether pigeons' responses to a recently attended (i.e., recently pecked) location are inhibited. In Experiments 1 and 2, stimulus displays were similar to those used in studies of inhibition of return (IOR) with humans; responses to cued targets tended to be facilitated rather than inhibited. In Experiments 3 and 4, birds were presented with stimulus displays that mimicked clusters of small grains and were relatively localized, which should have been more appropriate for detecting IOR in pigeons. The results from these experiments again provided evidence for facilitation of responding to cued targets, rather than for IOR. | ||||
| Address | University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. bgibson@cisunix.unh.edu | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 1543-4494 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:16396077 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 359 | ||
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| Author | Podlog, L.; Eklund, R.C. | ||||
| Title | Return to Sport after Serious Injury: A Retrospective Examination of Motivation and Psychological Outcomes | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2005 | Publication | Journal of Sport Rehabilitation | Abbreviated Journal |
Journal of Sport Rehabilitation |
| Volume | 14 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 20-34 |
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| Abstract | Context: It is argued in self-determination theory that the motivation underlying behavior has implications for health and well-being independent of the behavior itself. Objective: To examine associations between athlete motivations for returning to sport after injury and perceived psychological return-to-sport outcomes. Design: A correlational survey design was employed to obtain data in Canada, Australia, and England. Participants: Elite and subelite athletes (N = 180) with injuries requiring a minimum 2-month absence from sport participation. Main Outcome Measures: Participants completed an inventory measuring perceptions of motivation to return to sport from a serious injury and psychological return-to-sport outcomes. Results: Correlational analyses revealed that intrinsic motivations for returning to competition were associated with a positive renewed perspective on sport participation. Conversely, extrinsic motivations for returning to sport were associated with increased worry and concern. Conclusions: The motivation underlying return to sport might play an important role in return-to-sport perceptions among elite and subelite athletes. | ||||
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| Publisher | Human Kinetics | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 1056-6716 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | doi: 10.1123/jsr.14.1.20 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6390 | ||
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| Author | Reluga, T.C.; Viscido, S. | ||||
| Title | Simulated evolution of selfish herd behavior | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2005 | Publication | Journal of Theoretical Biology | Abbreviated Journal |
J. Theor. Biol. |
| Volume | 234 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 213-225 |
| Keywords | Selfish herd; Behavior; Evolution; Predation risk | ||||
| Abstract | Single species aggregations are a commonly observed phenomenon. One potential explanation for these aggregations is provided by the selfish herd hypothesis, which states that aggregations result from individual efforts to reduce personnel predation risk at the expense of group-mates. Not all movement rules based on the selfish herd hypothesis are consistent with observed animal behavior. Previous work has shown that herd-like aggregations are not generated by movement rules limited to local interactions between nearest neighbors. Instead, rules generating realistic herds appear to require delocalized interactions. To date, it has been an open question whether or not the necessary delocalization can emerge from local interactions under natural selection. To address this question, we study an individual-based model with a single quantitative genetic trait that controls the influence of neighbors as a function of distance. The results indicate that predation-based selection can increase the influence of distant neighbors relative to near neighbors. Our results lend support for the idea that selfish herd behavior can arise from localized movement rules under natural selection. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 553 | ||
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